This document discusses the development and eruption of primary and permanent teeth. It provides details on the chronology of tooth development, such as the order and average ages of eruption. Tooth development begins in utero, with primary teeth fully formed by age 3 and complete primary dentition by 30 months. The transitional mixed dentition period begins around age 6 with the eruption of the first permanent molars. The permanent dentition is fully developed by the late teens to early twenties. Understanding tooth development and eruption has applications in clinical practice, forensics, anthropology and more.
1. Development and eruption
of teeth
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in Continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Applications of development &
eruption of teeth
Clinical practice
forensics
odontology
Anthropology
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. During infancy dental age is estimated by
1. No. of teeth present in the oral cavity
2. Stages of eruption of teeth
3. Formation of crowns & roots of the teeth at each
chronological age
During the period of mixed dentition , it is
assessed on the basis of
1. Erupted teeth present
2. The amount of resorption of the roots of
the primary teeth
3.The amount of development & presence of
permanent teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Eruption : it is a process by which tooth moves within
the jaw bones, comes out into the oral cavity & comes
up to the occlusal contact & maintains its clinical position
or
continuous tooth movement from the dental bud to
occlusal contact
Clinical considerations
• Diagnosis & management of most disorders
involving the size,shape, number, arrangement of teeth
• Malformations : enamel hypoplasia
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Development of primary teeth
Enamel organs do not all develop at the same
rate resulting in different times of eruption
for different groups of teeth
Not all the primary teeth are lost at the same time
Primary dentition is completely formed about the
age of 3
Calcification of the primary teeth begins in utero - 13
-16 weeks postfertilization
Primary tooth crown formation – 2-3 years from initial
calcification to root completion.
Crown formation of primary teeth continues after birth
3 months – CI, 4 months – LI, 7 months – 1 M
8.5 months – C, 10.5 months – 2M
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Sequence of emergence of
primary teeth
Central incisor (A)
Lateral incisor ( B)
First molar (D)
Canine (C)
Second molar (E)
A,B, D, C, E – upper & lower
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Primary dentition is completed – 30 months or second
primary molars in occlusion
No changes from about 30 months – 6yrs of age
Decidiuous teeth are most important during first years of
greatest physical & mental development
Important factors in the intiation & development of
abnormal occlusion
1. Insufficient space
2. Early loss of decidiuous teeth
3. Overretention of decidiuous teeth
4. Congenital absence of teeth
5. Dental anamolies
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Transitional ( Mixed)dention
period
• First transition dentition begins with eruption of
mandibular first permanent molars
• Transition ends with loss of lost of last primary teeth at about
the age of 12 yrs
• Transition period lasts – 6 - 7yrs
• Eruptive movements of permanent teeth begin after crown
completion.
• During eruption, permanent mandibular first molars is guided
by the distal surface of second primary molar
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Permanent dentition
Initiation of the formation of permanent dentition takes place
in 3 steps
1. CI, LI, C, M1 – 1st yr
2. premolars & second molars – 2-4 yr
3. Third molars – 5-7 yrs
First molars are the first teeth of permanent dentition to
emerge through the gingiva
First molars often called – „ 6 years molars‟
They emerge distal to the decidiuous second molar
Second permanent tooth to emerge – CI
Permanent mandibular CI erupts before the maxillary CI
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Ligual to the roots of decidiuous inscisors are the follicles
of the developing incisors & canines
Developing premolars are within the bifurcation of primary
molar roots
Permanent incisors, Canines& Premolars are called
Succedaneous teeth.
After mandibular CI, LI erupts soon followed by maxillary
CI
Maxillary LI erupts after about a year
Premolars follow the maxillary laterals in sequence at the
age of 10 - 11 yrs
Mandibular canines appear at the same time
After 1yr second premolar erupt & the maxilary canine follow
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Second molars erupt at the age of about 12 yrs
Second molars are called as “ 12 year molars”
Third molar erupt at the age of 17 –25 yrs
Sequence of eruption of permanent dentition
Maxillary teeth
First molars – M1
Central incisor - CI
Lateral incisor - LI
First premolar – P1
Second premolar – P2
Canine - C
Second molar – M2
Third molar – M3
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Mandibular teeth
First molars – M1
Central incisor - CI
Lateral incisor - LI
Canine - C
First premolar – P1
Second premolar – P2
Second molar – M2
Third molar – M3
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Chronolgy of permanent dentition
Tooth First Crown Eruption Root
(Upper) evidence of Completed( ( Mean age) completed
calcification months) ( months) ( Years)
i1 3 –4mo 4-5yr 7 – 8 yrs 10
i2 10 – 12 mo 4 –5yr 8 – 9 yr 11
c 4 – 5 mo 6 –7yr 11- 12yr 13 - 15
P1 1½ - 1¾yr 5 –6yr 10 –11yr 12 -13
P2 2 - 2¼yr 6 – 7yr 10 –12yr 12 -14
M1 At birth 2 ½ - 3 yr 6 – 7 yr 9 -10
M2 2 ½ -3yr 7 – 8 yr 12 –13yr 14 - 16
M3 7 – 9yr www.indiandentalacademy.com
12 –16 yr 17 –21yr 18 -25
21. Tooth First Crown Eruption Root
(Lower) evidence of Completed( ( Mean age) completed
calcification months) ( months) ( Years)
i1 3 –4mo 4 - 5yr 6 – 7 yrs 9
i2 3 – 4 mo 4 –5yr 7-8 yr 10
c 4 – 5 mo 6 –7yr 9 - 10yr 12 - 14
P1 1¾- 2yr 5 –6yr 10 –12yr 12 -13
P2 2 - 2¼yr 6 – 7yr 11 –12yr 13 -14
M1 At birth 2 ½ - 3 yr 6 – 7 yr 9 -10
M2 2 ½ -3yr 7 – 8 yr 11 –13yr 14 - 15
M3 8 – 10yr 12 –16 yr 17 –21yr 18 -25
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Variation of 12 –24 months ( early or late ) of the expected
eruption is considered normal
Deciduous teeth – 4 –8 months is considered normal
www.indiandentalacademy.com