Veins of head &neck /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
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Veins of head &neck /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
- 1. VEINS of HEAD and NECK INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 2. Classification of veins of head & neck region • Veins of exterior of head and neck • Cervical veins • Diploic, meningeal, intracranial dural venous sinuses www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 3. Exterior or External veins of head and neck • Supra trochlear vein • Supra orbital vein • Facial vein • Superficial temporal vein • Pterygoid venous plexus • Maxillary vein • Retromandibular vein • Posterior auricular vein • Occipital vein www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 4. Supra trochlear vein Supra trochlear vein www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 6. Facial Vein • ANGULAR VEIN Formed from union of veins of the forehead and nose • COMMON FACIAL VEIN www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 7. Facial vein • Origin: largest vein of face, begins as angular vein • Course: downwards and backwards behind facial artery, but with a straighter course • Joins anterior division of retromandibular vein--- common facial vein Tributaries : – – – – Connects with superior ophthalmic vein Infra orbital vein , mental vein Deep facial vein Below mandible www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 9. Facial vein Applied anatomy • Has no valves • Connected to cavernous sinus • Danger area of face www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 10. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN • Joined by middle temporal vein www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 13. PTERYGOID PLEXUS OF VEINS • Location – partly between the temporalis and lateral pterygoid; and partly between the pterygoids • Tributaries www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 17. EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN • Course • Relations • Applied anatomy • Tributaries www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 18. POSTERIOR EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 23. UNUSUAL VENOUS DRIANAGE PATTERN • In one of the cadavers the following variation was observed, the facial vein was found running downward & backwards at the anterior border of masseter,where the submental vein united with the facial vein to form a common venous channel.the common venous channel united with the retromandibular vein at the angle of the mandible to form the common facial vein. Before this common facial vein joins the internal jugular vein , a venous channel originating from the anterior jugular vein comes & joins the common facial vein &which then joins the internal jugular vein. • ( j anat.soc.india,52(1),64-65 (2003)) www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 25. • The common facial vein does not exist. The retromandibualr vein continues into the external jugular vein, the facial vein opens into the internal jugular r vein. • The retromandibular vein opens into the internal jugular vein, the facial vein continues into the anterior jugular vein, and a common facial vein again is absent. • The common facial vein loses its connection with the internal jugular vein and empties instead into the external jugular vein.(choudhary et al ) • Retromandibular vein continues into the external jugular vein, facial vein continues into the anterior jugular vein. • A case of facial vein uniting with the superficial temporal vein 5 mm cranial to the undivided part of retromandibular vein has been reported by Peuker et al (2001) www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 26. LINGUAL VEIN 3 parts Dorsal veins Deep veins Sub lingual veins www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 28. CLASSIFICATION Paired • Cavernous sinus • Superior petrosal sinus • Inferior petrosal sinus • Transverse sinus • Sigmoid sinus • Sphenoidal sinus • Petrosquamous sinus • Middle meningeal sinus Unpaired • Superior sagittal sinus • Inferior sagittal sinus • Straight sinus • Occipital sinus • Anterior intercavernous sinus • Posterior intercavernous sinus • Basilar plexus of veins www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 34. CAVERNOUS SINUS • Location: Large venous space, in middle cranial fossa • Anteriorly upto – medial end of superior orbital fissure • Posteriorly – apex of petrous temporal bone www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 35. RELATIONS • STRUCTURES OUTSIDE THE SINUS • STRUCTURES IN THE LATERAL WALL OF THE SINUS • STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE CENTRE OF THE SINUS www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 37. Communications – Draining channels THROUGH INTO Superior petrosal sinus Transverse sinus Inferior petrosal sinus Internal jugular vein Emissary veins Pterygoid plexus of veins Superior ophthalmic vein Facial vein Anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses Communicates with the opposite side www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 40. EMISSARY VEINS • Mastoid emissary vein • Parietal emissary vein • Condyloid emissary vein • Emissary veins connecting cavernous sinus with Pterygoid venous plexus are four and pass through different foramina : (a)through foramen lacerum (b)through foramen ovale (c)Emissary sphenoidal foramen (Foramen Vesali) • Occipital emissary vein • Zuckerkandl’ s vein www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 42. DIPLOIC VEINS • • • • Frontal Anterior temporal Posterior temporal occipital www.indiandentalacademy.com