The Symbiosis of Information Visualization and Design

Capita Selecta - InfovisThe Symbiosis of Visualization & Designa/prof. Andrew Vande MoereDesign Lab - Department ASRO - KU Leuven------.----------@asro.kuleuven.be - http://infosthetics.com - @infosthetics

Hackers - United Artists - 1996

Tron - The Electronic Gladiator - 1982

Johnny Mnemonic - Tristar Pictures -1995

Cyber Swap Worlds - 1997

City of News - MIT Media Lab - 1997

VR/Search - Andrew Vande Moere - 1998

VR Data Visualization - ETH-Zurich

Information Visualization for Immersive VR - Andrew Vande Moere - 2004http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmcrVplqDUVR Data Visualization

Stock Market Swarm - Andrew Vande Moere - 2004http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjUZ6vcTc1Q

University Finances Visualization - Andrew Vande Moere - 2003

University Finances Visualization - Andrew Vande Moere - 2003http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duxjQKgYtNY

Information Aesthetics - “Where Form Follows Data” - http://infosthetics.com

ThemeRiver - pnl.gov - 1999http://vis.pnnl.gov/pdf/themeriver99.pdf

Stacked Graphs – Geometry & Aesthetics - StreamGraphs - Lee Byron - 2007http://www.leebyron.com/else/streamgraph/

The Ebb and Flow of Movies - The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/02/23/movies/20080223_REVENUE_GRAPHIC.html

From “research” in visualization to visualization “practice”

Movie Narrative Charts - Randall Munroe - xkcdhttp://xkcd.com/657/large/

zSoftware Evolution Storylines - Ogawa and Ma - 2010http://www.michaelogawa.com/research/storylines/

Software Evolution Storylines - Ogawa and Ma - 2010http://www.michaelogawa.com/research/storylines/

Design Considerations for Optimizing Storyline VisualizationsYuzuru Tanahashi and Kwan-Liu Ma - 2012http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=06327274

From visualization ‘exploration’ to visualization ‘research’

Learning Goals1.Approaches of ‘designing’ infovis2. Appreciation of kinds of infovis3. Guidelines for ‘engaging’ infovis

http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/jkofmsk/intro-to-information-visualization

information visualisation “... is the use of computer- supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition”Information Visualization Definition

“information visualisation is the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition”. automatic/automated algorithm. versus custom or hand-made (sketching!). facilitates high complexity, analytics, ...

“information visualisation is the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition”. to make assumptions, test hypotheses. to allow individualized exploration scenarios. while and during the exploration itself

“information visualisation is the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition”. just ‘representing’ values or conveying meaning?. guiding users, show example insights, highlighting. engagement? involvement? immersion?

“information visualisation is the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition”. data without natural representation. requires metaphor to be perceived. complexity: size, dimensionality, time-variance

because the data is abstract... “the challenge is to invent new metaphors for presenting information & developing ways to manipulate these metaphors to make sense out of the information...”Information Visualization ‘Design’ Challenge

“information visualisation is the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition”. analytics versus communication. creating insights: new, valuable, deep,.... requires different kinds of visuals, interactivity, ...

Web2DNAhttp://www.baekdal.com/web2dna/

Web2DNA Flickr Collectionhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/web2dna/

Choice of “Metaphor”. can be potentially seemingly “useless”. yet receive a lot of interest. how to interpret “useful”?. persuasiveness of visual representations?

data insight 10010110 knowledge transfer data mapping mapping inversion visualisation comprehension ! visual transferVisual Mapping Methodology

Visualization as a “Medium”. scientiﬁc visualization. data graphics. infographics. information design. data art

1. (Scientific) Visualization

LineAO - Improved Three-Dimensional Line Renderinghttp://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~ebaum/Publications/eichelbaum2012a/

DNA Coiling, Replication, Transcription and Translation - WEHIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA2t5N72mgw

2. Data GraphicsEurovizion - Ben Willershttp://lifeindata.site50.net/work/eurovizion/eurovizion.html

Statistical Atlases of the United States - 1870-1890http://www.handsomeatlas.com/

The Jobless Rate for People Like You - The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/11/06/business/economy/unemployment-lines.html

Four Ways to Slice Obama’s 2013 Budget Proposal - The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/02/13/us/politics/2013-budget-proposal-graphic.html

Spotlight on Profitability - Information is Beautiful Competition Entry (not winning...)http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/2012/02/hollywood-visualisation-challenge-design-shortlist/http://szucskrisztina.hu/images/holly.png

2. Information Graphics

Starbucks Coffee Cup vs. Country Origins - Fast Food Revenue vs. Brands

Telenet Social Media Reporthttp://blog.telenet.be/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Telenet-Social-Media-Report-20111.jpg

Year Report 2011 - http://feltron.com

Debtris - David McCandless / Information is Beautifulhttp://www.informationisbeautiful.net/2010/debtris/

4. Data VisualizationOECD Better Life Index - Moritz Stefanerhttp://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/

Flight & Expulsion - Nice Onehttp://www.niceone.org/lab/refugees/

Take a Look at Health - Fathom Designhttp://visualization.geblogs.com/visualization/health_visualizer/

5. Information DesignChromosome 14 - Ben Fry

We Feel Fine - Jonathan Harris and Sep Kamvarhttp://www.wefeelfine.org/

WorldShapin - Compare Countries through their Shape - Carlo Zapponi & Vasundhara Parakhhttp://www.worldshap.in/#/PH/BZ/KE/

Notabilia - Visualizing Deletion Discussions on Wikipedia - Moritz Stefanerhttp://notabilia.net/

6. Information ArtDNA Portrait - dna11.com

TextArc - An Alternative Way to View a Text - Brad Paleyhttp://www.textarc.org/

Poetry on the Road 6 - Boris Müllerhttp://www.esono.com/boris/projects/poetry06/

DoodleBuzz - A Typographic News Explorerhttp://www.doodlebuzz.com/

data insight 10010110 knowledge transfer data mapping mapping inversion visualisation comprehension ! visual transferVisual Mapping Methodology

Name Trendshttp://nametrends.net/name.php?name=Andrew

Baby Name Wizard - Martin Wattenberghttp://www.babynamewizard.com/voyager#

Color Object - Martin WattenbergOffline Demo

1. The Role of Interaction

Amazon Digital Cameras Treemap - The Hive Grouphttp://www.hivegroup.com/demos/amazon/499052.html

Newsmap - Marumishi - 2004http://newsmap.jp/ and http://marumushi.com/projects/newsmap

2. The Role of Aesthetics

A Year in Iraq and Afghanistan - The New York Times - 2009http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/opinion/30casualty-chart.html

Faces of the Fallen - Washington Post - 2009http://apps.washingtonpost.com/national/fallen/

UK Casualties in Afghanistan and Iraq - BBC News - 2009http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-10634102

CNN Home and Away - CNN - Stamen Designhttp://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/war.casualties/

Monument - Caleb Larsen - 2006http://caleblarsen.com/

3. The Role of Data Focus (~ Meaning)

Lau A. and Vande Moere A. (2007), "Towards a Model of Information Aesthetic Visualization",IEEE International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV07), pp. 87-92.

Narrative Visualization: Telling Stories with DataEdward Segel and Jeffrey Heerhttp://vis.stanford.edu/files/2010-Narrative-InfoVis.pdfGenres of Narrative Visualization, Balancing Author-Driven versus Reader-Driven Stories

Narrative Visualization: Telling Stories with DataEdward Segel and Jeffrey Heerhttp://vis.stanford.edu/files/2010-Narrative-InfoVis.pdf

Our Irresistible Fascination with All Things Circularhttp://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/visual_business_intelligence/our_fascination_with_all_things_circular.pdf

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - Nick Cawthon and Andrew Vande Moere - 2007

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - Most Beautiful

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - Least Beautiful

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - Correct Responses

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - Least Correct Responses

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - Low Abandonment Rate

Aesthetic Effect in Data Visualization - High Abandonment Rate

Goal •visualizationimpact of style in information to measure • by comparing 3 different ‘design alternatives’ • in terms of visual and interactive style • style demonstrators based on real-world examples • then contrasted resulting insights against each otherEvaluating the Effect of Style in Information VisualizationAndrew Vande Moere, Martin Tomitsch, Christoph Wimmer, Christoph Boesch, and ThomasGrechenig, IEEE Infovis 2012

“Reversible”“Factual”Gapminder (2007)Many Eyes (2007)OECD eXplorer (2009)

“Irreversible”“Meaningful” Bitalizer (2008) Poetry on the Road (2004) Texone (2005)

Partly “Reversible”Partly “Factual” Digg Swarm (2007) ReMap (2009) We Feel Fine (2006)

“Analytical” Style (ANA)

“Magazine” Style (MAG)

“Artistic” Style (ART)

Interaction 18m09s (average) 12m49s (average) 11m55s (average) 181.0 interactions 87.7 interactions 88.9 interactions (average) (average) (average) Analytical Magazine Artistic

No Reported Insights 1 participant 11 participants 9 participants Analytical Magazine Artistic

Interface “Insights’ 6% 6 insights 12% 13 insights 29% 27 insights Analytical Magazine Artistic

Insight Analysis ANA MAG ART Difference 24% (24) 26% (26) 17% (11) Cluster 22% (22) 15% (15) 9% (6)Distribution 11% (11) 12% (12) 17% (11)Compound 9% (9) 14% (14) 11% (7) Trend 8% (8) 4% (4) 8% (5) Outliers 6% (6) 10% (10) 15% (10) Value 6% (6) 1% (1) 0% (0)Association 5% (5) 3% (3) 6% (4)Meaning (*) 3% (3) 4% (4) 14% (9) Extreme 4% (4) 6% (6) 0% (0)Categories 2% (2) 1% (1) 0% (0) Rank 1% (1) 2% (2) 3% (2)

Insight Analysis Rating (1 - 5) ANA MAG ART uncertain - conﬁdent 4.10 (1.11) 4.21 (0.87) 4.17 (0.95) difﬁcult - easy 3.78 (1.17) 3.63 (1.29) 4.00 (1.24) shallow - deep 3.18 (1.10) 2.93 (1.08) 2.54 (1.17)

Insight Analysis Rating (1 - 5) ANA MAG ART uncertain - conﬁdent 4.10 (1.11) 4.21 (0.87) 4.17 (0.95) difﬁcult - easy 3.78 (1.17) 3.63 (1.29) 4.00 (1.24) shallow - deep 3.18 (1.10) 2.93 (1.08) 2.54 (1.17)shallow – deep (expert rating) 2.44 (0.78) 2.36 (0.70) 2.28 (0.64)

Insight Analysis Rating (1 - 5) ANA MAG ART ugly - beautiful 3.48 (0.85) 3.08 (1.03) 3.11 (1.02) obtrusive - ﬂuid 3.27 (0.95) 3.08 (1.01) 2.80 (1.00)

Insight Analysis Rating (1 - 5) ANA MAG ART ugly - beautiful 3.48 (0.85) 3.08 (1.03) 3.11 (1.02) obtrusive - ﬂuid 3.27 (0.95) 3.08 (1.01) 2.80 (1.00) ambiguous - clear 3.39 (1.17) 1.98 (0.89) 2.00 (0.86)difﬁcult - easy to understand 3.55 (1.04) 2.08 (1.07) 2.14 (1.07) intended inform – express 2.80 (1.15) 3.54 (1.18) 3.66 (1.06) useless - useful 3.61 (0.95) 2.70 (1.09) 2.45 (0.90) frustrating - enjoyable 3.43 (1.00) 2.54 (1.16) 2.34 (1.06) unusable - usable 3.77 (0.91) 2.78 (1.13) 2.64 (1.12) boring - engaging 3.43 (0.93) 3.10 (0.95) 2.80 (1.00) non-functional - functional 3.93 (0.82) 2.80 (1.18) 2.50 (1.13) tool - art 2.30 (1.07) 3.32 (1.19) 3.68 (0.93)

Conclusions•style impacts perception of usability • analytical style was perceived as more understandable, clear, enjoyable, engaging, useful, functional, ...•style does not impact insight depth • participants were able to overcome huge incomprehensibility issues of ART, and in a minimum amount of time• style has impact on ‘kind’ of insights • analytical focus of facts versus meaning of content, explanation of reasoning, ...

Design Study Methodology: Reflections from the Trenches and the StacksMichael Sedlmair, Miriah Meyer, Tamara Munzner, IEEE Infovis 2012http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/tr/2012/dsm/

your techniqueDesign Study Methodology: Reflections from the Trenches and the StacksMichael Sedlmair, Miriah Meyer, Tamara Munzner, IEEE Infovis 2012http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/tr/2012/dsm/

Design Study Methodology: Reflections from the Trenches and the StacksMichael Sedlmair, Miriah Meyer, Tamara Munzner, IEEE Infovis 2012http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/tr/2012/dsm/

Edward Tufte

French Invasion of Russia (Minard, +-1864)Napoleon Retreat (Minard, +-1864)

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longitudelatitudearmy[size, day]army[position, day]

1. Show comparisons, contrasts, differences2. Show causality, mechanism, explanation,systematic structure3. Show multivariate data; that is, show morethan 1 or 2 variables4. Completely integrate words, numbers, images,diagrams5.Thoroughly describe the evidence: title, authorsand sponsors, data sources, add measurementscales, highlight relevant issues6.Analytical presentations ultimately stand or falldepending on the quality, relevance andintegrity of their contentPrinciples for the Analysis and Presentation of Data - Tufte

1. Show comparisons, contrasts,differences

2. Show causality, mechanism, explanation, systematic structureFrench Invasion of Russia (Minard, +-1864)Napoleon Retreat (Minard, +-1864)

3. Show multivariate data; that is, show more than 1 or 2 variablesFrench Invasion of Russia (Minard, +-1864)Napoleon Retreat (Minard, +-1864)

4. Completely integrate words, numbers, images, diagramsFrench Invasion of Russia (Minard, +-1864)Napoleon Retreat (Minard, +-1864)

5.Thoroughly describe the evidence: title, authors and sponsors, data sources, add measurement scales, highlight relevant issuesFrench Invasion of Russia (Minard, +-1864)Napoleon Retreat (Minard, +-1864)

6.Analytical presentations ultimately stand or fall depending on the quality, relevance and integrity of their contentFrench Invasion of Russia (Minard, +-1864)Napoleon Retreat (Minard, +-1864)

The Friendly Graphic - Tufte (p. 183, 1983)

http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/2012/02/hollywood-dataviz-challenge-

• Lau A. and Vande Moere A. (2007), "Towards a Model of Information Aesthetic Visualization", IEEE International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV07), IEEE, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 87-92.• Cawthon N. and Vande Moere A. (2007), "The Effect of Aesthetic on the Usability of Data Visualization", IEEE International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV07), IEEE, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 637-648.• Vande Moere A., Tomitsch M., Wimmer C., Boesch C. and Grechenig T. (2012), "Evaluating the Effect of Style in Information Visualization", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 18(12), December 2012, pp.2739-2748.• Sedlmair, Michael; Meyer, Miriah; Munzner, Tamara; , "Design Study Methodology: Reﬂections from the Trenches and the Stacks”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 18 (12), pp.2431-2440.• Edward Segel, Jeffrey Heer, Narrative Visualization: Telling Stories with Data, IEEE Trans. Visualization & Comp. Graphics (Proc. InfoVis), 2010.• Jeffrey Heer, Michael Bostock,Vadim Ogievetsky, A Tour through the Visualization Zoo http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1805128...

• http://www.tableausoftware.com/public/ ﬁrst explorations of dataset for insights• http://visualizing.org http://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/ check winning entries!• http://infosthetics.com http://ﬂowingdata.com/ blog with wide selection• http://selection.datavisualization.ch/ collection of good tools!• http://thewhyaxis.info http://www.perceptualedge.com/blog/ what is good, what is bad, and why?• http://moritz.stefaner.eu/ http://www.periscopic.com/ http://stamen.com/ http://tulpinteractive.com/ high quality infovis examples...

Thank you! Questions?------.----------@asro.kuleuven.be /// http://infosthetics.com /// @infosthetics

The Symbiosis of Information Visualization and Design

par Andrew Vande Moere le 25 octobre 2012

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