services of advertising agency and development of t.v in pakistan before cable and after cable

STUDENT NAME : MUHAMMAD HASSAM.
DEPARTMENT : ECONOMICS.
TEACHER’S NAME: MISS MAHYE
DARKSHAN.
SUBJECT : MASS COMMUNICATION.

DEVELOPMENT OF TV BEFORE AND AFTER INVASION OF CABLE 2
Getting the best out of advertising is a highly skilled job. It requires the inputs of experts in
many different fields like writers, artists, photographers, designers, television production crews
and many others. Even the biggest advertisers cannot afford to employ all these experts.
Almost all advertising is therefore arranged through an advertising agency which provides the
necessary skill to turn the message into a memorable and effective advertisement. Advertising
has not only come to reflect pop culture but has also become an important element of
economic growth. Today, every person connected with the Indian economy or public should be
fully aware what advertising really is and why effective advertising campaigns can be performed
by full-service advertising agencies. Advertising agency is one of the most important
components of advertising industry. It has played a significant role in the development of
modern advertising. The advertising agency has evolved to provide the specialized knowledge,
skills and experience needed to produce effective advertising campaigns. It provides a quality
range of service greater than any single advertiser could afford or would need to employ. An
advertising agency is a firm that specializes in the creation, design and placement of
advertisements, and in the planning and execution of promotional campaigns for products and
services of their clients.
The Association of Advertising Agencies of America (AAAA) defines Advertising agency as
The glamour, the unlimited expense accounts, and the exhilarating lifestyle -all these popular
portraits of life in the big-time advertising agency are misleading. Advertising is demanding,
challenging, hard work. It is also interesting and fulfilling. Advertising requires a mix of personal
abilities, considerable business skills, and an ability to work under pressure to meet deadlines.
Compared to larger industries, there are never many entry-level positions open in advertising
agencies (dozens rather than hundreds). And competition is stiff. The industry, however, is
constantly on the lookout for skilled, bright, articulate, creative and personable men and
women with a well-rounded education and a good business sense.
“An independent business organization composed of creative and business people
who develop, prepare and place advertising media for sellers seeking to find
customers for their goods and services.”

An advertising agency or ad agency is a service business dedicated to creating, planning and
handling advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion) for their clients. An ad agency
is independent from the client and provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the
client's products or services. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding
strategies and sales promotions for its clients. Typical ad agency clients include businesses and
corporations, non-profit organizations and government agencies. Agencies may be hired to
produce single ads or, more commonly, on going series of related ads, called an advertising
campaign.
History of ad agency:
1. Period of early growth 1841 - 1865
The first advertising agency on record in the US was Olney B. Palmer. In1841, Palmer organized
a newspaper advertising and subscription agency. By 1849 he had established offices in the
cities of New York, Boston, Baltimore and Philadelphia In essence, Palmer served as a salesman
of space for publishers and they in turn, gave him a commission of 25% of such sales. The
publishers found these methods of selling more effective than trying to sell direct and
advertisers, wishing to reach more than one territory found value in such service.
2. Wholesaling Period 1865 – 1880
George P. Rowell, who opened an agency in 1865, supplied the new competitive tool. Rowell
contracted with 100 newspapers to sell him a column of space each week for a year.
Throughout the wholesaling period, the agent continued as a seller of space for publishers. This
took on different forms, one of which was the exclusive right to sell space in certain publishers.
Thus, one agency developed a controlled list of religious papers, another “List of Thirsty”
household magazine. Any advertiser wishing to buy space in the controlled publications was
forced to buy through the exclusive wholesaler for that paper
3. Semi Service Period 1880 – 1917
Early in the semi service period agencies offered to write the copy for the advertiser, thus giving
added weight to their claim of being servants of the advertiser .This concept of service was slow
to develop; but in the early part of the 20
th
century, agencies began to emphasize strongly this
“free” service. One agency in 1905 advertised that it paid $28,000 a year for a copywriter.
These methods increased the agency business and forced most space sales to be made through
them.

4. Service Period 1917 – Present
By 1917 the idea of service had grown until not only was copywriting done for the advertiser
but many other things as well. The service elements has modified the position of agencies to
such a degree that radio and television, network and magazine publishers have come to depend
upon them as the primary channel through which time and space are sold
Advertising Process:
When preparing your search proposal, you should take into account that the “lead-in” time
needed to place an ad can vary anywhere from days to months depending on the publication.
You should plan to have your ad approved and an estimate of the cost done at least one month
prior to the date when you want the ad to be published. The advertising process for
professional staff and faculty positions involves five basic steps:
1. Writing an Ad
2. Getting Approval for the Text of the Ad
3. Estimating the Cost of the Ad
4. Placing Ads & Posting Announcements
5. Paying for Ads
Typical work flow in agency:
STAGE WORK PERFORMED AT STAGE
Briefing Stage •Briefing from the client
•Internal briefing to the creative and media
•Any research briefing if required
Creation Stage •Ad campaign and media plan development
•Internal review and finalization
•Presentation to client and approvals
•Any pre-testing if required
Production Stage •Budget and estimate approvals
•Production of film, press ads, collaterals
•Media Scheduling and media booking
•All release approvals for creative & media
Post Production Stage •Material dispatch to media
•Media release monitoring
•Any post-testing if required
•Billing and collection

Types of advertising agencies:
Ad agencies come in all sizes, from small one- or two-person shops to large multi-national,
multi-agency conglomerates such as Omnicom Group, WPP Group, Interpublic Group of
Companies and Havas.
Following are major types of advertising agencies that are currently serving the advertising
industry.
1) Full Service Agencies
2) Modular agencies
3) In House agencies
4) The Specialists Agency
5) Mega agencies
6) Creative Boutiques
The functions of an advertising agency:
• To accelerate economic growth and create public awareness.
• To provide a total, professional, experienced service this is very personal in its nature.
• To take the advertiser's message and convert it into an effective and memorable
Communication.
The Benefits of Using an Advertising Agency:
• Added Expertise
• Media Knowledge and Unbiased Advice
• Easier Administration
• Media Buying
• Quality Control
• Information
• Fending off the media
• And when things go wrong
• Cost Saving
•Time Saving

Services offered by ad agency:
 Total Advertising Services:
Strategic planning, creative development and media services for advertising, particularly
in television, newspapers, magazines and radio; providing the best creative designed to
capture the imagination of consumers
 Marketing Services:
Provision of a number of advertising related services, including sales promotion, market
research, PR and event marketing.
 E-Solution Services:
E-solution services, including system integration services, e-business consulting and
customer relationship management (CRM), Search Engine Marketing (SEM) and Search
Engine Optimization (SEO) and e-promotions using the Internet and mobile.
 Content Business:
Sales of sponsorship, broadcasting and other rights, and the production and marketing
of such media / content as sporting events, films, TV programs, animated content, music
and other forms of entertainment.
 Integrated Media Services:
Bringing value to both clients and media-related
companies by offering a wide range of media solution
services
 Sales Promotion:
Providing comprehensive sales promotion planning
designed to complement mass media and other
activities
 Event Marketing:
Assisting clients by providing dynamic vehicles for
their messages in the form of on-the-spot interactive
communications

 Integrated Branding Services:
Assuring clients the highest quality of branding services for their communication needs.
1. Advertising and Marketing Plan
The primary role of advertising agencies is the creation of an advertising and marketing
plan specific to your business, product and brand. Ad agencies work with your business
objectives, keep within ad budgets and develop advertising and marketing campaigns to
satisfy business needs. Ad agencies pull all this together to provide a creative and
compelling campaign intended to engage the attention of potential customers and get
them to buy your product or service.
2. Graphic Design, Copywriting
and Printing
Full service agencies typically employ graphic
designers and copywriters or contract with
trusted outside firms. Since printing is a
specialized industry, agencies will handle this
function through a printing partner. Graphic
design, copywriting and printing are vital
elements of the overall ad program, as poorly
written, designed and printed advertising can
hinder the effectiveness of the campaign and
may reflect poorly on the business.
3. Media Purchasing
Media purchasing, such as ads placed in magazines, newspapers, television broadcasts
and radio shows, is another role of a full service agency. Ad agencies have intimate
knowledge of pricing, effective scheduling and results-oriented media platforms that
would involve considerable time, research and effort for the business owner who
chooses to act alone in these areas.

4. Web Marketing
From professional web design, publishing, page traffic reports and web page updates,
full service ad agencies can handle all the details. Website templates provided by
internet service providers and home web design programs can appear "homemade" and
may not reflect a quality business image. Professionally designed sites, such as those
used by larger businesses, are almost always created by professionals.
5. Tracking Results
Tracking and tweaking advertising is another role of full service ad agencies. If an ad isn't
meeting business objectives, the agency will investigate and analyze the cause and
suggest new approaches. Ad campaign success is the agency's primary goal, so it can get
repeat business from clients.
Production services:
Without the production department, the ads created by the copywriter and art director
would be nothing more than words and pictures on paper. The production department,
in essence, ensures the TV commercial or print ad, etc, gets produced. They are
responsible for contracting external vendors (directors and production companies in the
case of TV commercials; photographers and design studios in the case of the print
advertising or direct mailers). Producers are involved in every aspect of a project, from
the initial creative briefing through execution and delivery. In some agencies, senior
producers are known as "executive producers" or "content architects".
Creative Services:
According to this creative service of advertising agency. If an advertising agency’s
“products” are the advertisements it creates, then it’s
the creative services group that is responsible for
making these products. Advertising can take many
forms (TV commercials, radio spots, print ads, and
outdoor billboards to name a few), but collectively
they are referred to as “the creative” or “the work.”
Development of the creative is lye done in teams of
two. A Copywriter (words) and an Art Director (visuals)
work together to create rough versions of the ads
including: TV storyboards, print layouts, and radio
scripts. Creative teams can work successfully together
for years -- often hired, fired and promoted together.

 Contextual advertising services:
Contextual advertising is a form of targeted advertising for advertisements appearing on
websites or other media, such as content displayed in mobile browsers. The
advertisements themselves are selected and served by automated systems based on the
content displayed to the user.
Contextual advertising has made a major impact on earnings
of many websites. Because the advertisements are more targeted, they are more likely
to be clicked, thus generating revenue for the owner of the website (and the server of
the advertisement). A large part of Google's earnings is from its share of the contextual
advertisements served on the millions of WebPages running the Ad Sense program.
 Administrative services:
LIKE OTHER business agencies have to manage their business affair. Agencies have
personnel departments, accounting and billing department, sales staffs that go out and
sell the agency to clients. Most important to client is the traffic department, which has
the responsibility of monitoring projects to be sure that deadline are met. Traffic
managers make sure the creative group and media services are coordinated so that
deadlines for getting promotional materials to printers and media organizations are
met.
References:
 http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=4kDgTS_NSZsC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=Inte
grated+Branding+Services+Advertising+agency+notes&source=bl&ots=GUajcPjhS4&
sig=UiBCNps-SCP7tTt6c7VFOLBMPOg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JoCjUZ-
7CKeM0AWV0YD4Cg#v=onepage&q=Integrated%20Branding%20Services%20Adverti
sing%20agency%20notes&f=true
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/25014262/20/Services-offered-by-ad-agency
 http://www.slideshare.net/MUHAMMADHASSAM3/newsfeed?action=redirect_to_in
dex&controller=newsfeeds
 http://advertising.about.com/od/advertisingglossarya/g/The-Account-Services-
Department-Of-An-Advertising-Agency.html

A “television” (also TV, telly or tube) is a machine with a screen. Televisions receive broadcast
signals and turn them into pictures and sound. The word "television" comes from the words
tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing)
Television, transmission and reception of still or moving images by means of electrical signals,
especially by means of electromagnetic radiation using the techniques of radio and by fiber
optic and coaxial cables. Television has become a major industry, especially in the industrialized
nations, and a major medium of communication and source of home entertainment. Television
is put to varied use in industry, e.g., for surveillance in places inaccessible to or dangerous for
human beings; in science, e.g., in tissue microscopy (see microscope); and in education.
Historical Development of Television:
Television is the result of technological developments of the nineteenth and early
twentieth century’s. Television net work began in the 1930s, Rapid growth of
programming came about following World War-II.
Having in two decades – the 1930s and 1940s – emerged from experimental
beginnings to become a fixture in Britain and the United States, it would, in two more
decades, become a World medium. Developments came with startling speed. Industrial
nations that had participated in pre-war experiments could be expected to make early
starts in postwar television; they included Japan, Canada, Australia, and a number of
European nations. Less expected was a burst of activity from other nations.
In Latin America, Mexico, Cuba, and Brazil led the way, all launching. Television
operations in 1950. They were followed rapidly by others. By the end of that decade
eighteen Latin American nations had some form of television, with more on the verge.
Asia virtually kept pace, with the Philippines starting in 1953. By the mid-1960s
eighteen Asian nations including Pakistan, had entered the television age; others were
planning to follow. Africa was not far behind. Algeria began in 1965, Egypt in 1960. By
the end of the 1960s fifteen African nations had made a start in television. Half the
world’s nations had by now joined the procession.

TV IN PAKISTAN:
The electronic media was well known in Pakistan after independence in 1947. Not only radio
broadcast was being made from Lahore and Peshawar but it was growing steadily.
Although the world at this point of time was familiar with a black & white television broadcast,
particularly in the West and the USA, TV seemed a remote possibility in the newborn country.
From the early 60s there had been a talk to start television broadcast in Pakistan. Planning
continued and various departments prepared their reports about the feasibility of a complete
TV broadcasting station. Main obstacle in setting up a TV station was not the money, but non
availability of the technical staff which must run the broadcasting house on sound footings. The
efforts continued, however, and bore fruit when on Nov 26, 1964 country’s first TV station was
setup in Lahore. By this time TV had advanced to color transmission in a number of countries,
the PTV was a B/W version.
The television is more common in the urban areas of Pakistan whereas in Rural areas the major
means is still the radio. Today it is playing a vital role in creating awareness in the masses. Its a
better device than radio as it provides video features in addition to auditory ones, making it
more interesting for the public. A large number of Pakistanis has access to this modern device
though its expensive to buy. Its more accessible in the developed areas as compared to the
underdeveloped ones due to the low living standards and the availability of the electricity.
Urban Area Access:
Sindh 93
Punjab 90
KPK 83
Baluchistan 81
Rural Area Access:
Sindh 65
Punjab 71
KPK 62
Baluchistan 47
This miraculous device was invented by Philo Frarsworth in September 1927. In Pakistan,
Television was first time introduced in an exhibition near Mazar-e- Quaid on 16 September
1955. It was a short circuit television for audiences meant for entertainment purpose. This
event was arranged by American Embassy to let the Pakistani public see the miraculous
invention.
After radio, television is the most common means of communication in Pakistan. But in Urban
areas of Pakistan, television is more in use than radio. The following chart shows the results of a
research held to see the usage of the two mediums in the major cities of Pakistan. The
television is seen by a percentage of 79, whereas radio is listened by 37% of the public, in urban
areas of Pakistan.
Access to satellite has only a onetime cost to the consumer. Such a thing has let even the low
income earners t have access to satellite as a means of their communication to the world. 49%

of such earners in urban areas has access to it. But the situation in the rural areas is a bit
different. The level of poverty, lack of proper transmission signals and poor electricity
infrastructure, are a cause of low access in these areas.
EFFECT OF T.V:
Television, one of electrical devices which has been part of people’s lives, is widely used as
source of entertainment, education and information. Besides of its advantageous function,
there are contradictions where some people agree and disagree that television gives negative
effects which are dangerous for family life and any sense of community. I disagree with the
statement, seeing that the positive effects that are gotten from television are more than the
negative effects.
Positive Effects:
1. Helps the world to act as a small global village.
2. Entertain the public.
3. Provide useful knowledge through news, games and other shows.
4. Make us aware about various products in the market.
5. Preschoolers can learn the alphabets, colors and numbers from television.
6. Children learn about the world and different cultures through television.
7. educational programs can teach children new things, and even help them make new friends
8. Reminds us about our various rights.
9. Documentaries can create a picture of the world in kids' minds.
10. Cultural programs can show children the world of music and art.
Negative Effects :
1. Misguide the viewers.
2. Sometimes channels add spices to gain publicity i.e. the data is not always correct enough
to rely on.
3. Creates a type of violence streak in the viewers.
4. Long time watching creates physical health problems.
5. Children who watch TV for more hours are more likely to be overweight. This is mainly
because these children don’t spend their time outdoors playing games or indulge in any
physical activity. Instead, they constantly sit for hours together, watching television.
6. Children could easily get addicted to television and spend more time watching TV than
being with family or friends.
7. Television may also affect relationships between families since it may not allow family
members to spend quality time with each other. It may also stop people from following
other good habits like reading books and socializing.
In conclusion, television gives positive and negative effects. It could be entertaining, educative,
and informative to people, which are the three positive effects, as well as increase the value of

family life and sense of community. The negative effects that might be given could be
prevented if the audiences are guided correctly.
Development of Television Network in Pakistan:
On 26 November 1964, first news were broadcasted which beamed black and white
transmission by the PTV. The television division in the Punjab Province was established with the
help of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)). Private industries commercials
were permitted with no fee, initially all the commercials of industrial conglomerates were tax-
free and there were no additional charges at that time.
The PTV remained a private institution until its shares were sold to the Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting. After the first transmission in 1964 from Lahore, there were further
transmissions from Dhaka, Rawalpindi and Islamabad in 1965 and in 1966 in Karachi.
During the decades of 1970′s, 80′s and 90′s PTV teleplays were the best considered programs of
the subcontinent and were known all around the world. Dramas like Khuda Ki Basti, Unkahi,
Tanhaiyaan, AanganTerha, Fifty Fifty, Studio Dhai, Studio Ponay Teen, AndheraUjala,
SonaChandi, Uncle Urfi, Taleeem e Balighan, Alif Noon, Waaris, DhoopKinare, Sunehray Din,
Alpha Bravo Charlie and Ana,are to count but a few, which were the main reason of its fame.
Development Of Television In Pakistan Before Cable Invasion :
Authorities in Pakistan introduced television in 1964 with the aim to uplift the nation socially
and culturally. As Pakistan was a newly-born state and under-developed, it was thought that
television could help in achieving progress in the country through dissemination of information,
knowledge, education and awareness. Before Pakistan television started in 1964, Pakistani public
was a little bit familiar with television through an exhibition where Philips Electrical Company
installed a few television sets and televised few foreign films. In October 1963, a national
publicity conference was held under the chairmanship of the President Ayub Khan that decided
to set up a television station in Pakistan. Hence Pakistan entered into television broadcasting age
with a small pilot television station at Lahore on November 26, 1964 from where transmission
was beamed black and white. This station telecast some live but amateur programmers and some
of foreign films. Initially, television centre was set up with the help of UNESCO, Colombo plan
DEVELOPMENT
OF TV IS
DEPEND UPON
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF TV NETWOK
IN PAKISTAN

and Japanese government. To meet the graving cost of television broadcasting, commercial
telecast was also permitted but no license fee was charged on Television set at that time.
“TECHNOLOGY OF T.V IN PAKISTAN
BEFORE CABLE”
Before the invasion of cable network in Pakistan we have following technology of TV in
Pakistan.
BLACK AND WHITE T.V (MONOCHROME T.V):
In television, the term monochrome stand for black and white t.v. such a tv system does not
process variation of color in a picture but processes only the intensity of brightness of each
pixel( as seen by the eye) for transmission in space . the picture is reproduced in shades of black
and white (without color) on the fluorescent screen of the monochrome picture tube in a
receiver .
“BLACK AND WHITE (MONOCHROME T.V)TECNOLOGY”
CRT (cathode-ray tube) TV:
The most common screens were direct-view CRTs for up to roughly 100 cm (40 inch) (in 4:3 ratio) and
115 cm (45 inch) (in 16:9 ratio) diagonals. These are the least expensive, and are a refined technology
that can still provide the best overall picture quality value. As they do not have a fixed native resolution,
they are capable of displaying sources with different resolutions at the best possible image quality. The
frame rate or refresh rate of a typical NTSC format CRT TV is 29.97 Hz, and for the PAL format, 25 Hz,
both are scanned with two fields per frame in an interlaced fashion. A typical NTSC broadcast signal's
visible portion has an equivalent resolution of about 640x480 pixels. It actually could be slightly higher
than that, but the vertical blanking interval (VBI), allows other signals to be carried along with the
broadcast. Firstly this type of TV are made by Sony, L.G, Panasonic and etc. in Pakistan.

CRT (CATHODE-RAY TUBE) TECHNOLOGY
“CABLE”
History of Cable Television:
The traditional mass media had a confined sphere in countries where it initially grew,
functioning strictly in line with the values, norms, traditions and basic requirements of the local
populaceThis communication revolution is, in fact, a succession of three overlapping
technological stages that have taken place during the last 150 years (Zia, 2003, p.1).
Encyclopedia Britannica (1986) describes cable television that generally, a system that
distributes television signals by means of coaxial or fibre optic cables. The term also includes
systems that distribute signals solely via satellite. Cable television system originated in United
States in the early 1950s and was designed to improve reception of commercial network
broadcasts in remote and hilly areas.
History of Cable TV in Pakistan:
The Cable TV CATV introduced in Karachi in early 80’s. This was a small scale network in basement
of a building, providing only 3 to 5 channels including PTV. In 1990 many broadcast channels started
Satellite transmission which made the cable TV more attractive for the viewers. With the passage of
time cable TV spreads to many cities, but all these cable operators were not registered by the
government of Pakistan
Cable TV Network:
There are two types of CATV networks are providing services in Pakistan. One is analog CATV
network and other is Digital CATV network. Both are discussed below.
a. Analog CATV network.
b. Digital CATV network.
c. DTH Network.

Development Of Television In Pakistan After Cable Invasion :
The development of tv in pakistan is depend upon the development of network as the cable
network were introduced in pakistan , it introduced many more development of network such
as :- dish tv , dtv etc.
As the cable network of pakistan is become more and more better with the
passage of time the picture quality of this network become more sharp and as a result of it
new and more good quality of the picture developed (i.e: HDTV, HQTV, 3DTV etc) which help in
the further more advance development of tv in pakistan such as FLAT TV, PLASMA TV, LCD TV,
LED TV, SMART TV, etc.
“TECHNOLOGY OF T.V IN PAKISTAN
AFTER CABLE”
After the invasion of cable network in Pakistan we have following main technology of TV in
Pakistan.
FLAT TV (PLASMA TV):
A plasma display consists of two glass plates separated by a thin gap filled with a gas such as
neon. Each of these plates has several parallel electrodes running across it. A voltage applied
between the two electrodes one on each plate causes a small segment of gas at the two
electrodes to glow. The glow of gas segments is maintained by a lower voltage that is
continuously applied to all electrodes.
LCD TV:
An LCD Television is sometimes referred to as a "transmissive" display—light isn't created by the liquid
crystals themselves; a light source behind the panel shines light through the LCD Television display. The
LCD television display consists of two polarizing transparent panels and a liquid crystal solution
sandwiched in between. The screen's front layer of glass is etched on the inside surface in a grid pattern
to form a template for the layer of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals are rod-shaped molecules that bend
light in response to an electric current — the crystals align so that light cannot pass through them. Each
crystal acts like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

“LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)TECHNOLOGY”
LED TV:
The LED TV is a more advanced version of the LCD TV. While both types of TV rely on LCD technology
and have flat-panel designs, "LED TVs are slimmer, brighter, and more detailed than your traditional LCD
TV." LED TVs function by illuminating LCD panels with LED backlighting. However, not all LED TVs utilize
the same type of LED backlighting. An LED TV illuminates its LCD panel with light-emitting diodes. LEDs
consist of small semiconductors, which glow during exposure to electric current.
“LED (Light-Emitting Diode) TECNOLOGY”

References:
 http://repairfaq.cis.upenn.edu/sam/icets/tvset.htm
 http://www.slideshare.net/Neakali/cable-tv-direct-to-home-television-scope
 http://www.preservearticles.com/2012011821110/short-essay-on-the-impact-of-
cable-tv-on-us.html
 http://www.zeepedia.com/read.php?history_of_television_early_history_the_black_whi
te_images_color_television_introduction_to_broadcasting&b=77&c=23
 https://www.google.com.pk/search?noj=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&q=led+tv+technology+re
view&revid=1477429944&sa=X&ei=4OKqUZ2qEoTGPbLngYgC&ved=0CE8QgxY&biw=
1024&bih=639
 http://www.itinfopoint.com/post/33/light-emitting-diode-tv/
 http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/11/whats-an-led-tv/
 http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100311092726AAeqE48
 http://www.answers.com/topic/flat-panel-tv-technology
 http://www.cablelabs.com/

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