It is a summary of the article "David and the three Goliaths"

1. Rehabilitation of Railway Slum
Dwellers
Vullakula Yugandhar BP/615/2013
Ngawang Tshomo BP/626/2013
Fourth semester, second semester
School of Planning and Architecture
February, 2014

2. Outline of Presentation
 Introduction
 Transportation
 Railway Slums
 Jan Kalyan Rehabilitation Project
 A New Hope
 MUTP II
 Sustainable solutions

3. Introduction
 Mumbai then Bombay is the capital of Maharashtra
 Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of india.
 Mumbai has the highest GDP in Central, West or Central Asia.
 It has a population of around 12 million, and one quarter of its people are below the poverty
line.
 Around half live in slums which are located on land owned by government and private
individuals.

4. Transportation
 The railways are the backbone of the city’s transport system.
 88% of the population use the public transport for travelling from home to
work and vice versa.
 75 lakh people travel by train every day.
 During peak hours these railways carry their capacity.
 The needs served by railways clearly demonstrates its necessity but with time
and overuse constant breakdowns have risen.

5. Railway Slums
 Mumbai particularly suffers from the problem of railway settlements,
 These were mainly on the lands handed over by state government to the railways.
 Due to large number of people which means potential voters the politicians though
no real security, protected them from demolition.
 The adverse effect is that these slum dwellings have come to close to railway tacks.
 The trains have to go slower near the slums and hence decreasing the potential to
cater to a larger number of commuters.
 If the slums could be cleared it would be equivalent in monetary terms of laying a
new track.

6. Jan Kalyan Rehabilitation Project
 In 1988 SPARC had offered the government to do survey jointly with collector of
encroachments for undertaking a census of slums alongside tracks.
 This led to creation of an affiliation of NSDF, RSDF(Railway Slum Dwellers
Federation).
 The enumeration showed that 18000 households are living along tracks.
 An opportunity of relocation came up with relocation of 800 to 900 households,
Bharat Nagar.
 Government offered built houses at a short distance away for Rs.58000.
 Those could not afford those would be provided a piece of land on which they
could build with the help of SPARC, Mahila Milan and NSDF.
 They chose low-rise, high density, semi-detached structures and each household
got single room and common toilets at Rs.16000.
 It took three years to obtain water connection and they faced uncountable
problems as the departments weren’t familiar with self-constructed housing.
 Despite the success of Jan Kalyan the state and the Railways showed no
interests of further discussion of this issue.

7. A New Hope
 The negotiations between NGO and railway has been revived by the then head of
Urban Development Department (Mr. D.T. Joseph).
 He suggested that the people living closest to tracks should be persuaded to move
30 feet back for people’s safety and not cause hindrance for the movement of
trains.
 The railway authorities did not believe it hence SPARC raised funds and a wall was
built adjoining one settlement.
 Discussions of MUTP II were occurring between State Government, Railways, and
World Bank.
 In 1995 a task force was formed was to look after rehabilitation of the
communities affected by MUTP II.
 The recommendations from the task force aligned with the conditions laid by
World Bank before they were willing to commit to the MUTP II project.
 World Bank wanted NGO(SPARC) be involved in policy formulation.

8. MUTP II
 The World Bank insisted that the central enumeration process was required to
be centralized and standardized to meet the international standards.
 The process which was going to be used was dismissed as unprofessional.
 SPARC had to make a choice whether to withdraw or hire professionals or to
work until got it right.
 They chose the last option and final outcome proved that they chose wisely as
the communities or volunteers who participated were trained and organised
to meet international standards.
 It showed that communities and associations have ability to carry on and help
rehabilitation projects.
 And in the end even if World bank pulled out of MUTP II, the work of SPARC
wasn’t affected.
 It also portrayed that the NGO must remain committed, involved and
dedicated to completion of a project must not entirely depend upon single
source of funding.

9. Sustainable Solutions
 Before a NGO can fully help a community it must be known what the people
want and how willing are they to make ends meet.
 The elements required and institutions that can help make the solutions must
be found out.
 The people and organizations and institutions in power must coordinate to
come up with solutions which have positive impact on all.
 Processes like this makes the communities real participants.
 So what was Found?
- The communities that participated learnt that they need to strengthen
their own capacities
- The State and Railways recognized that the people can work with them.
- The hope that World Bank has seen the value of being Patient.

10. Mumbai
Transportati
on: Railways
Most used
daily used
transport
system
Constant
break down
due to over
-use
Railway
Slums
People
settled too
close to the
tracks
Slowed
down the
speed of
trains
MUTP II
revived
Walls were built so people moved back 30 feet from the tracks
Task force was created to look after the rehabilitation
SPARC was involved again
In the end , World Bank withdrew but lessons were learnt.
Jan Kalyan
Project
SPARC became a part of it and Enumeration was done
Formation of RSDF
Two choices, most chose the later