1. Electricity storage in GB and the value of
electricity storage
Anthony Price
Swanbarton
The Electricity Storage Network

2. Energy policy

3. Classification of electricity storage by technology
Type
Mechanical /
kinetic
Pumped
hydro
Flywheels
Thermodynamic
Compressed
air
Cryogenic
storage
Electrical
Capacitors
SMES
Batteries
Lead acid
NiCd
Lithium
Hydrogen /
electrolyser
Electrolyser /
fuel cell
Electrolyser /
ICE
H2 / organic
cycle
Thermal
Pumped heat, Molten salt
heat engines
Heat engines
Ice
High
temperature
Ceramics
Flow
Batteries

4. Development status of storage technologies
Pumped hydro
Li - ion
NaS
Compressed air
Developed
Storage technologies
Batteries ( lead acid, NiCd )
Cryogenics
Superconducting
Micro CAES
Hydrogen storage
Power rating
kW
100 kW
2013 © Swanbarton Limited
E&EO
MW
10 MW
100 MW
Note: the width of the bar indicates
storage capacity

5. UK projects

6. LCNF projects
Location
Installation
Power
Capacity
Type
Application
Hemsby
April 2011
200 kW
200 kWh
Li
Wind
Chalvey
June 2012
3 *25 kW
3*25 kWh
Li
Community
Orkney
June 2013
2 MW
500 kWh
Li
Storage Park
Bristol
Sept 2013
6 kW
14.4 kWh
Lead acid
Darlington (NPG)
Nov 2013
2.5 MW
5 MWh
Li
Voltage control and
peak shifting
Darlington
Nov 2013
100 kW
200 kWh
Li
Distribution support
Wooler
Nov 2013
100 kW
200 kWh
Li
Distribution support
Wooler
Nov 2013
50 kW
100 kWh
Li
LV control
Maltby
Nov 2013
50 kW
100 kWh
Li
LV control
Darlington
Nov 2013
50 kW
100 kWh
Li
Smart Grid Demo
Bristol
Under constr
90 kW
321 kWh
NaNiCl
Shetland
Under constr
1 MW
3 MWh
Lead acid
Milton Keynes
Under constr
150 kW
450 kWh
Leighton
Buzzard
Under constr
6 MW
10 MWh
Willenhall
Planned
2 MW
375 kWh
Power station
modulation
Peak demand
reduction
Li
Local constraint
management

7. Other projects
Location
Installation
Power
Capacity
Type
Application
Slough
Constr
350 kW
2.4 MWh
Cryogenic
Demonstration
North Wales
Planned
50 MW
Pumped hydro
Energy
management
Antrim
Planned
268 MW
Compressed air
Energy
management
West Midlands
Committed
1.5 MW
6 MWh
Pumped heat
Wind constraint
management
Gaia, Scotland
Committed
1.26 MWh
Vanadium Flow
Moixa
Committed
525 kWh
Lithium,
aqueous ion
Domestic
distributed

8. Power networks
Today’s network
The future
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Large scale generation, through
transmission, distribution to users
Limited embedded generation (at
distribution level)
Wholesale market supplies retail
customers
Limited number of self suppliers
System planned to meet peak
demand plus reserves – spare (or
under utilised assets)
Low level of interconnections to
other systems
Regulated wires businesses
Facing substantial change
•
•
•
•
•
•
Significant shift from dispatchable
generation to time variable generation
More negative prices for electricity and
increased market volatility
Peaky demands from digital society,
switch to heat pumps, uncertain effect
of electric vehicles
Distributed community and domestic
level generation and trading
Average and peak domestic demand
likely to increase (double??)
Balancing the system requires more
flexibility
Even more government interference?

9. Reserve and Operating Margin
Reserve requirement under ‘Gone Green’
Short Term Operating Reserve Requirement for average wind and low
wind conditions
Short Term Operating Reserve Requirement (4 hr) with average wind
10,000
Short Term Operating Reserve Requirement (4hr) with low wind
zero wind
6,000
4,000
2,000
Year
2030/31
2029/30
2028/29
2027/28
2026/27
2025/26
2024/25
2023/24
2022/23
2021/22
2020/21
2019/20
2018/19
2017/18
2016/17
2015/16
2014/15
2013/14
2012/13
2011/12
0
2010/11
STORR (MW)
8,000
Source:
National Grid

11. The four tools for system balancing
Flexible
generation
Storage
Demand side
response
Interconnectors
(absorbs and
rejects power)
(and new T & D )

12. Does storage offer a solution?
Storage
• Rapid response
• Absorbs and rejects power
• Many options for location
• Rapid construction time
• Possible to match power
and energy to requirement
• Multi purpose – unlikely to
become a stranded asset
Issues
• No clear business model
• Power industry separation
disincentives investment
• Uncertain income projections
increases project financing risk
• No clear regulatory or
licensing policy
• No current government policy
for widespread deployment /
adoption of storage

13. Combination of value
Power
quality
Network
management
£ / kW /year
20 - 175
Values are indicative and
not necessarily additative
Ancillary
services
20 - 50
50 -100
Time-shift

14. Policy requirements
• Clarify position of storage: New classification
needed
• Set target for storage requirement: 2 GW by 2020
• Support storage: parity with support for other
new / green technologies + provide certainty of
income
• Support mechanism specifically for storage:
capacity market class based on capability
• Extend capital grants for deployment of storage:
Develop projects to encourage the sector

15. Summary of key points
•
•
•
•
•
•
GB system: current pumped storage = 3GW
Insufficient peak capacity
Reserve capacity needed
Storage = suitable technology
Current business model needs to be improved
Policy changes needed
– New classification for storage
– Government policy to adopt storage

16. • Consultancy specialising in the commercialisation of electrical
energy storage systems
• Clients from North America, Europe and Asia
• Organiser of the International Flow Battery Forum
• Cenelec workshop agreement on flow batteries
• Founder of the Electricity Storage Network
• Member of the ESA
Contact details:
Anthony Price
price@swanbarton.com
+44 1666 840948
www.electricitystorage.co.uk