1. Trends and challenges
in the dawn of
Internet of Things Era
ALEXANDRU IOVANOVICI
POLITEHNICA UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARA
ADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND ARCHITECTURES LABORATORY

2.  Songdo, South Korea
 first of its kind fully equipped and wired smart city
 $40 billion in 10 years;

3. What is IoT ?
 uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an
Internet-like structure [Ashton99]
 “[…] the expanding interconnectedness of smart devices, ranging
from sensors in your shoe to jet engine monitors” [BusinessWeek]
 Each object can be connected via other objects (usually via third
party) to exchange data.
 Roots in the M2M.
The third age of the Internet

4. State of IoT

5. What do we need ?
Key enabling technologies
 RFID
 NFC
 Barcodes
 2D codes: QR … or the more obscure ones: Aztec, Data Matrix, HCCB, PDF417
 Digital watermarking: adding auth. data to a “signal”;
 IPv6: there would be more IP addresses available than things.
“Every screen variant, mobile chip, and sensor known to man has been tuned to
work with Android” – [Jim Zemlin, Linux Foundation]

6. IoT @ Google

7. Bluetooth Smart (Low
Energy)
“Where as classic
Bluetooth devices measure
their battery life in hours,
Bluetooth Smart devices
measure their battery in
months or even years”
- proximity detection
- vitals monitoring

8. Implementation … issues
 Lack of standardization;
 Size: it’s going to be huge. From 50 to 100 trillion of moving things
[Waldner 2007];
 Time constraints: “extremely hard real-time system”: billion of
simultaneous events.
 Position tracking: things have to know their neighbors and interact
to them.
 The shear quantity of data is way above what we can process
now … or not !?

9. Internet of Isolated Things
 Systems running on a smaller scale: size and area;
 Informationally isolated to the “big IoT”  private networks;
 Such as:
 Home automation;
 Industrial control;
 Safety critical systems.

10. Hard stuff -;)
 Bluetooth via Amarino
 Android IOIO

11. Indoor location
iBeacon
 Indoor spaces lack GPS and have poor GSM location;
 “technology revolution that will rival the invention of the mouse and the graphical
user interface […]” [smh.com.au, ]
 “Developers scramble to build services on top of beacons, analytics on top of
services, and brilliant user experiences and strategy at the top of the pyramid.”
[beekn.net]
http://estimote.com/

12. iBeacon technology
 Bluetooth 4.0 (LE)
 Geofencing  three zones
 Immediate: cm range (like NFC);
 Near: a few meters
 Far: more than 10 m
 Micro-location awareness
 “Apple iBeacons: With great power comes great potential to
annoy” [ZDNet]
 iOS 7.1 : iBeacon is “opt-out” instead of “opt-in”
 Beacons only transmit data  apps. track people

13. πBeacon
 A Raspberry Pi
 A Bluetooth 4.0 USB Module: compatible BlueZ
 A iOS 7.0 + Beacon Toolkit App Store to test with
• goo.gl/W7a16C
• http://www.bluez.org/
• Radius Networks' Android iBeacon Service library

14. Industrial IoT - IIoT
 Echelon  IzoT;
 Ex:
 variable-speed compressor technology;
 25–35% efficiency boost (Emerson)
 Connect Nest with building scale air conditioning
 1979 Modbus !!!
 grid stabilization services
 16$ billion market (vcharge-energy.com)
 Automatic control of all devices during peak demands in the
grid;
 “The Internet of Everything for cities” [CISCO, 2013] Weishaupt,
200,000 BTU/hr  37,000,000 BTU/hr

15. Threats
 “internet of things holds
promises but it also holds
dangers” [Rob van Kraneburg,
2011]
 “the intelligence community
views Internet of Things as a rich
source of data” [Ackerman, 2012]

16. Powered by Android ;-)