6. George Bernard Shaw “It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence which can make itself appeal to every age. I have studied him - the wonderful man and in my opinion far from being an anti-Christ, he must be called the Savior of Humanity.” “I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it the much needed peace and happiness: I have prophesied about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable to the Europe of tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today.” ‘The Genuine Islam,’ Vol. 1, No. 8, 1936.
7. Growth Rate – Washington Post IslamGrowth rate*: 1.84 percent adherents: 1.3 billion Hinduism Growth rate: 1.52 percent Adherents: 870 m Christianity Growth rate: 1.38 percent Adherents: 2.2 b
9. Napoleonic Code “I hope the time is not far off when I shall be able to unite all the wise and educated men of all the countries and establish a uniform regime based on the principles of Quran which alone are true and which alone can lead men to happiness.” “Correspondance de Napoléon Ier Tome V pièce n° 4287 du 17/07/1799...”
10. Education & Fairness – Hallmarks The library of Cordova was reputed to have over 600,000 books. Over 1400 years ago Islamic Law guaranteed rights to women that women in Europe and America only obtained in the 1900s. According to Islamic Law women have the right to: 1.own property, operate a business and receive equal pay for equal work2.have total control of their wealth 3.marry whom they want4.keep their own name when married5.inherit property 6.have their marriage dissolved in the case of neglect or mistreatment
11. Inheritance generates Algebra When a person dies there are four rights that need to be performed his property: Pay his/her funeral and burial expenses Pay his/her debts Execute his Will/bequest (max 1/3 of his/her property) Distribute remainder of his/her estate/property according to Shariah Law In relation to inheritance, Mohammad said: "Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it. Then whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased.“ AL-KHWĀRIZMĪ's Hisab al-jabrw’al-muqabaladevoted a chapter on the solution to the Islamic law of inheritance using algebra. He formulated the rules of inheritance as linear equations y = mx + b
12. Enlightened influence In his autobiography, Jefferson recounted with satisfaction that in the struggle to pass his landmark Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom (1786), the Virginia legislature "rejected by a great majority" an effort to limit the bill's scope "in proof that they meant to comprehend, within the mantle of its protection, the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and Mahometan."
13. Learning from the beginning Within one and a half centuries of the appearance of Islam, Baghdad came under the rule of the Abbassids and Cordova under the Umayyads, and these became world centers for learning and particularly for medicine. Translation into Arabic began under the rule of the Umayyads in the time of Prince Khalid ibnYazid. Prince Khalid was interested in alchemy, and so he employed the services of Greek philosophers who were living in Egypt. He rewarded them lavishly, and they translated Greek and Egyptian books on chemistry, medicine and the stars.
14. Ideas that sound familiar The first written constitution of a State ever promulgated by a sovereign in human history emanated from the Prophet of Islam. It was enacted from the first year of Hijrah (622 CE). The treaty stipulated a city state in Medina, allowing wide autonomy to communities. Private justice was to be banished. The head of the State had the prerogative to decide who should participate in an expedition, the war and peace being indivisible. Social insurance was to be instituted. The Book of the Law of Nations compiled by AL-SHAYBANI is a precursor to international law that provides many details on the legality, typology, and rules of military engagement, truces, and relations between Muslims and the enemy groups or states that surrounded them in the earliest period of Muslim
15. A long line of firsts A contemporary of prince Khalid was the great Arab chemist ABU MUSA JĀBIR IBN HAYYĀN AL AZDI (Arabic: جابر بن حيان) ) (Geber), who was born in 705 and died 769. He became expert in chemical and al-chemical procedures, and was the first to discover mercury.
16. Modern before the West & Compassionate Another medical achievement during the rule of the Umayyads was the hospital for lepers which was built in Damascus. This was the first of its kind and enjoyed many endowments. This should be contrasted with European practice which, even six centuries later, condemned lepers to be burnt to death by royal decree.
17. The Idea of Public Assistance Hospital Damascus: http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/figure_top5.jpg
18. Technologically advanced The Abbassid Caliphs were not only concerned with translation. They were also interested in public health, and it was an Abbassid minister, Ali ibn Isa, who requested the court physician, SINAN IBN THABIT, to organize regular visiting of prisons by medical officers. The first hospital in the Muslim empire was built in the ninth century in Baghdad, by the Abbassid Caliph Haroun al-Rashid; after that many other hospitals were built in the Muslim world. The first hospital to be built in Cairo was at the time of the governor of Egypt, IbnTulun, in 872. These hospitals were remarkably advanced in design, for they contained pharmacies, libraries, lecture-rooms for medical students, and separate wards for men and women.
19. Beauty of the Language The Umayyad Caliphate lasted for about ninety years, and during that time Islam spread from China in the east to Spain in the west. Translation of scientific books into Arabic had already begun, but under the Abbassids, who succeeded the Umayyads, it was greatly accelerated. An important factor which facilitated the work of translation was the flexibility of the Arabic language, the richness of its terminology, and its capacity for expression.
20. Role call of modern medicine ISA IBN YUSUF, physician to Caliph Al-Abbas, prepared an examination of medical competence. YUHANNAH IBN MASAWAYH was a physician at the time of Haroun al-Rashid; he translated Greek medical books purchased in Byzantium and was the author of books on fevers, nutrition, headache, and sterility in women HUNAIN IBN ISHAQ (Johanitius), was probably the greatest translator in Arab history. He had a superlative knowledge of Syriac, Greek, and Arabic, and carried out a large number of translations from Greek scientific and philosophical manu-scripts into Arabic. These included most of the works of Hippo-crates and Galen. After his death, much of this work was continued by his pupils and by his nephew Hubaish. This man Hubaish also wrote books on medicine, among which was a treatise on nutrition.
21. Doorway for European learning AL-KHAZI (Rhazes), 865 to 925, was a Persian and the pupil of Al-Tabari. He was one of the greatest of Muslim physicians and a most prolific writer. He took a great interest in chemistry and is said to have prepared absolute alcohol from fermented sugars, and to have invented a scale for measuring the specific gravity of fluids. But his great fame rests on his supreme abilities as a clinician, and his descriptions of the clinical signs of many illnesses were unsurpassed. He investigated women's diseases and midwifery, hereditary diseases, and eye diseases. He wrote an account of smallpox and measles, and books on chemistry and pharmacy, but the most famous of his books is Al-Hawi, "The Continence", a large encyclopedia on medicine in 24 volumes. It was translated into Latin by Sicilian Jews where it made a great mark on the European thinking in medicine.
22. The idea of modern medicine IBN SINA (Avicenna) was born in 980 He wrote The Canon of Medicine. This is an encyclopedic work in fourteen volumes, and embodies the combination of Greek and Arabic medical systems, with the addition of IbnSina's personal experience. It deals with diseases, their classification, description, and causes; with therapeutics and the classification of simple and compound medicines; with hygiene, the functions of parts of the body, and with many other topics. In particular, IbnSina noted the fact that pulmonary tuberculosis was contagious, and he thought that it spread through soil and water. He also described accurately the symptoms of diabetes mellitus and some of its complications. He was very interested in the effect of the mind on the body, and wrote a great deal on psychological disturbance. It had the most fundamental influence in Europe during the Middle Ages, and was a standard reference book in universities right up until the seventeenth century.
23. Foundations of Pharmacy & Dentistry ABU AL-QASIM AL-ZAHRAWI (Albucasis ). He is regarded as the most famous of the Arab surgeons, but he was also skilled in the use of simple and compound remedies, and was thus sometimes described as "the pharmacist surgeon". He wrote the famous manual on surgery, called Al-Tasrif, although it also includes sections on the preparation and dosage of drugs, nutrition, public health, and anatomical dissection. The celebrated sections on surgery are illustrated with drawings of about one hundred surgical instruments. There are descriptions of techniques for operating to relieve various conditions, including the amputation of limbs, the removal of foreign bodies, and the crushing of bladder stones. He invented many of the instruments in his book, and in particular he devised a pair of forceps for use in midwifery. Al-Zahrawi was no mean dentist either; it is said that he per-formed cosmetic operations to correct dental irregularities. His book became famous in the universities of Europe in the Middle Ages. It was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona in 1187, and it was the chief reference work for surgery in the universities of Italy and France.
24. Too many to list; too important to forget AL-MAJUSIwrote a medical book called Al-Maliki, known as LiberRegius IBN RUSHD (Averroes) wrote a medical work entitled Al-Kulliyat, which became known in the Latin West as Colliget. Among his many original contributions was the observation that smallpox can only infect once. IBN AL-NAFIS described the lesser (pulmonary) circulation for the first time in history before the English Harvy. It is a regrettable fact that this signal achievement of Ibn al-Nafis received very little notice through the ages and his views were ignored for centuries.
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