This document summarizes research on pulses conducted by ICRISAT and the benefits to stakeholders. It provides an overview of ICRISAT's vision, mission, locations, production statistics for major pulse crops in India from 2011-2013 which show increases in area, production and yield. It also summarizes the top producers, importers and exporters of chickpeas and options for increasing chickpea production through reducing yield gaps, improving cultivars, and bringing additional area into production. New chickpea varieties developed through ICRISAT-ICAR partnerships are highlighted. The document concludes with the future scenario for pulses, noting demand will continue to grow and supply gaps will exist which new technologies aim to address.

1. Research advances in pulses
and benefit to stakeholders
CL Laxmipathi Gowda
Deputy Director General,
ICRISAT

2. Vision
A prosperous, food-secure and resilient
dryland tropics
Mission
To reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental
degradation in the dryland tropics

3. ICRISAT Locations
in the Semi-arid Tropics
WCA
Regional
Hub- Bamako, Mali
55 countries
6.5 million sq km
2.5 billion people
HeadquartersESA
Regional
Hub-Nairobi, Kenya
Patancheru,
Andhra Pradesh,
India

4. Production of major pulse crops in India
Crop
Pigeonpea
Chickpea
Mungbean
Urdbean
Lentil
Other
Pulses
Total Pulses
Foodgrains
Area (mha)
4.01
8.30
3.39
3.22
1.56
2011-12
2012-13
Production
Yield
Producti Yield
Area (mha)
(mt)
(kg/ha)
on (mt) (kg/ha)
2.65
662
3.81
3.07
806
7.70
928
8.70
8.88
1020
1.63
483
2.75
1.20
436
1.77
549
3.19
1.90
595
1.06
678
1.41
1.08
765
3.99
2.27
570
3.61
2.32
643
24.46
124.75
17.09
259.29
699
2078
23.47
120.16
18.45
255.36
786
2125

5. Top chickpea producers, import and export
Rank Production
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
India
(69%)
Pakistan
(5%)
Turkey
(5%)
Australia
(5%)
Myanmar
(4%)
Ethiopia
(3%)
Iran
(2%)
Mexico
(1%)
Import
Export
India
(19%)
Pakistan
(14%)
Bangladesh
(13%)
UAE
(7%)
Algeria
(5%)
Spain
(5%)
UK
(3%)
Jordon
(3%)
Australia
(37%)
India
(13%)
Mexico
(11%)
Turkey
(7%)
Canada
(6%)
Myanmar
(4%)
Ethiopia
(4%)
USA
(3%)

6. Options for increasing production
Enhancing yield by reducing yield gap
Yield gaps in chickpea
Improved
cultivars +
Improved ICM

7. A large shift (about 4 million ha) in chickpea area from cooler,
long-season environments to warmer, short-season environments
6.1
4.7
Central and
southern states
2.1
Northern and
eastern states
0.7

8. Options for increasing chickpea production
1. Bringing additional area under production
- Huge opportunities exist in rice-fallow areas in South Asia
(e.g. India, Bangladesh and Nepal)

9. Enhancing adoption of improved cultivars
1. Knowledge empowerment
of farmers
•Electronic and print media
•Field days/farmers’ fairs
•Training programs
•Demonstrations
•Farmer-participatory varietal
selection trials (FPVS)

10. Enhancing adoption of improved cultivars -2
2. Ensuring seed supply of
improved cultivars
•Strengthening formal seed system
(both public and private seed sectors)
•Strengthening informal seed system
(seed production by individual farmers
and farmers’ groups).
•Establishing linkages between formal
and informal seed systems
•Making available seed samples (1-2
kg) to large number of farmers

11. JAKI 9218
JG 11
JG 130
JG 14
• 40 chickpea varieties developed in India through ICRISAT- JG 16
ICAR partnerships and account for 49% of the total indent JGK 2
JAKI 9218
of chickpea breeder seed in the country for 2014-15
KAK 2
Virat
JG 6
JGK 1
ICRISAT-ICAR
Vishal
JGK 3
partnership
Vaibhav
varieties
JG 218
Ujjawal (IPCK 2004-29)
Pratap Chana 1
Raj Vijay Gram 203
Kranti (ICCC 37)
GG 2
• ICRISAT-ICAR partnership varieties are grown in >90% ICCV-2
Himachal Chana 2
of the chickpea area in AP and were instrumental in
Vihar
bringing a chickpea revolution in the state.
KRIPA
GG 4
Chickpea varieties developed through
ICRISAT-ICAR partnerships
49%

12. Promoting agribusiness ventures through
Seed Business Ventures
A unique initiative of Agri-Business Incubation (ABI) Program
of ICRISAT
•to develop and promote rural seed business ventures at village
level, and thereby
•address demand-supply gap for open pollinated, quality seeds
through public, private and people partnership (PPPP).
SBV MODEL

13. Adoption and impacts of
improved chickpea cultivars
- A success story from Andhra Pradesh State of India

14. Chickpea success story from Andhra Pradesh,
India
During the past 12 years
(2000 – 2011)
• 3.6-fold increase in area
(163,000 to 580,000 ha)
• 2.1-fold increase in yield
(583 to 1241 kg/ha)
• 7.6-fold increase in production
(95,000 to 720,000 t)
• >90% area under improved
short-duration cultivars
developed through ICARICRISAT partnership (JG 11,
JAKI 9218, KAK 2, Vihar)

15. til:
Short Duration
IPL 316, Pusa Vaibhav, JL 3, IPL 81, DPL 62
pea: IPFD 10-12 (green seeds), Adarsh, Indra,
Jaya, Ambika, Vikas, Prakash

16. High yielding varieties
Mungbean : Samrat, SML 668, IPM 2-3, HUM 16, IPM 2-14, Pant
M
5, Pusa Vishal, Gujarat Mung 1, Gujarat Mung 4,
AKM 9911
Urdbean : Jawahar Urid 2, 3, IPU 2-43, RBU 38 (Barkha), TPU 4,
Pant U 30, TAU 1, TAU 2, AKU 4 (Melghat)

17. Extra-large/Large seeded Varieties

18. Mungbean for spring/Summer season
Samrat, SML 668, IPM 02-3, IPM 2-14, HUM 16

19. At 60 days
Hybrids in Pigeonpea
• More vigor and yield
Hybrid
Variety
• 44% greater shoot mass
so needs low seeding
rates
• 40-50% greater root mass
with greater drought
tolerance
• Ideal for inter-cropping

20. ICPH 2671 ON- FARM TRIALS (2007-10)
State
Dist
Farmers
Mean yield (kg/ ha)
Hybrid
Check
%Gain
Maha
7
782
969
717
35.1
A. P.
8
399
1411
907
55.6
Karnataka
4
184
1201
951
26.3
Jharkhand
9
288
1460
864
68.9
M. P.
10
360
1940
1326
46.3
Total
38
2013
1396
953
46.5

21. Developing early and extra-early chickpea cultivars
Early and extra-early cultivars have been developed which are
better adapted to short-season environments (e.g. southern
India) and escape end of season stresses

22. Reproductive stage heat tolerance
Effects of reproductive stage heat stress on chickpea

23. Chickpea cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting

24. Herbicide tolerance

25. Market preference for grain quality

26. Transgenic Chickpea Resistance to Helicoverpa
Transgenic
Non-transgenic

27. The chickpea genome
 Illumina sequencing used to
generate 153.01 Gb
 73.8% of the genome is
captured in scaffolds
 Genome analysis predicted
28,269 genes
 High levels of synteny
observed between chickpea
and Medicago
 > 81,845 SSRs and 4.4
million variants (SNPs and
INDELs)

28. The pigeonpea genome
 Illumina sequencing tech
used to generate 237.2 Gb
 72.7% (605.78 Mb) of the
total pigeonpea genome
assembled into scaffolds
 Genome analysis predicted
48,680 genes
 High levels of synteny
observed between the
pigeonpea and soybean
 >50,000 SSR and SNP
markers identified
 Higher abundance of
drought tolerance genes

29. MABC for root and other drought
tolerance related traits in
chickpea
5000
Irrigated
Rainfed
4500
4000
3500
3000
)
a
h
/
g
k
(
d
l
e
i
Y
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
The Plant Genome, 2013

30. Future Scenario in Pulses
• Demand will continue to grow (62 m tons by
2050)
• Supply gap will exist in South Asia
• Technologies available to bridge yield gap
• New initiatives and cutting-edge
technologies will need to be deployed
• Good news: Fast progress in technologies
will help increasing supplies

31. Thank you!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium