2. South Asia and Sanitation Monitoring
• The region has held 4 sanitation conferences to date.
Sacosan V is planned for Kathmandu, 11-14th November
• Monitoring is integral to South Asian regional meetings on
sanitation. SACOSAN II in 2006, committed to reporting
against a common set of indicators to be developed by the
Inter Country Working Group (ICWG).
• The objective: To develop harmonised monitoring
mechanisms with roles and responsibilities clearly
defined, using agreed common indicators which measure
and report on processes and outcomes at every level
including households and communities, and which allow
for disaggregated reporting of outcomes for marginalised
and vulnerable groups
3. Common Indicators for monitoring
sanitation and hygiene across South Asia
Outputs/Outcomes Indicators
Access/Practice 1. % of household using improved sanitation
2. % of household practising open defecation
Health and 1. % of schools with functional toilets separate for
Education boys and girls
2. % of schools having functional hand washing
facilities
Equity 1. The gap in improved sanitation coverage by wealth
quintile
2. % of total sanitation budget allocated and utilized
for poor and
marginalized
Finance 1. % of total sector budget allocation to sanitation
and hygiene
2. % of total sanitation and hygiene budget utilization
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4. Regional positioning and coherence
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC) –organisation of 8 SA nations for economic and
social progress.
• A recognition that challenges are transborder – and so are
resources and solutions!
• In April 2012: a meeting of SAARC Health Ministers
urged member states to ‘formulate an actionable
framework to address the common challenges of
sanitation and access to safe drinking water in the region.’
• The SAARC framework that is being developed will
incorporate the regional monitoring framework agreed in
November 2012 at the ICWG in Kathmandu.
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5. Summary: Global Targets
1. Everyone has water, sanitation and
hygiene at home.
2. All schools and health centres have
water, sanitation and hygiene
3. Water, sanitation and hygiene are
equitable and sustainable
As elaborated by the 4 Working Groups convened in 2011 by the
JMP Programme of WHO and UNICEF and finalised in 2012.
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6. Targets and dates
Dates Sanitation Hygiene Water
2025 No open defecation
2030 Universal adequate Universal adequate Universal basic
sanitation in schools handwashing and drinking water in
and health centres MHM in schools schools and health
and health centres centres
2040 Universal adequate
sanitation at home
Progress towards safe
management of
excreta
7. Ground truthing and reality checks
On 27th November, 8 countries in South Asia
deliberated:
Are these goals and targets relevant,
feasible and politically palatable?
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8. ‘Looks good, but …..’
• For countries with long conflicts and natural disaster ,
WASH and Emergencies need to be incorporated in the
targets and goals.
• The targets on open defecation (2025) looks achievable
• The targets for schools and health centers planned far
ahead of the target of open defecation (2020).
• In Afghanistan there is lesser focus on sanitation and
Hygiene , but the national WASH policy focuses on
provision of all the three component (package). However
does not detail about excreta management and equity.
9. ‘Yes, in line- but reach
higher perhaps?’
• Bhutan policies are more ambitious in terms of
dates for universal access
• Good to focus on open defecation but is it
really possible to achieve 100%?
• We recommend:
• A focus on public toilets (as well as schools and health
facilities) – particularly transit settings
• Focus on community participation to ensure ownership
• Advocacy and awareness raising at all levels
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10. ‘In Line, ‘not new …’
• India feels that all the draft goals are in line with its
current policies and commitments
• Target 1: India’s Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan has already
committed to achieve the same by 2022
• Target 2: Except health centers, all others already
covered in the NBA, particularly WASH in schools to be
achieved by March 2013
• Target 3: A strong foundation for the same is already laid
in NBA and INDIA will be achieving the same probably
much earlier
• Target 4:Social Audit, Conjoint approach, focus on Equity
and inclusion, Centralised database etc are already very
much in support of the same.
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11. ‘Yes but……..’
• In principle Maldives is in line with what has been
proposed for global targets. But key issues for us-
• Availability of freshwater in outer islands
• make water stocks available within atolls in
emergencies and disasters
• introduce renewable energy in water supply and
sewerage projects
• ensure water supply and sewerage facilities are
developed free from climatic change impacts (e.g sea
level rise)
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12. South Asia largely in line with Global..
Focus on universality, equity, reduction in disaparities
Emphasis on participation and social audits
Clear mention of hygiene and use versus access
Strong endorsement of affordable, accessible,
functional facilities in schools.
Reccommendations from South Asia:-
Targets not ambitious enough – need something for high achievers too
Include emergency contexts, climate change impacts
In South Asia targets need to also focus on governance related
outcomes such as effective utilisation of resources and financing,
Need to reflect the importance of community participation and advocacy
High population density targets must include public WASH facilities
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14. Detailed targets
Target 1: by 2050 no one pratices open defecation,
and inequalities in the practice of open defecation
have been eliminated.
Target 2: By 2030 everyone uses a basic drinking
water supply and hand washing facility when at
home, all schools and health centres provide users
with basic drinking water supply and adequate
sanitation, hand washing facilities and menstrual
hygiene facilities and inequalities in access ...have
been eliminated.
15. Detailed targets contd.
Target 3: By 2040 everyone uses adequate
sanitation when at home, the proportion of
the population not using an intermediate
drinking water supply service at home has
been reduced by half, the excreta from at
least half of the schools, health centres and
households with adequate sanitation are
safely managed and inequalities in access to
each of these services have been
progressively achieved.
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16. Detailed targets contd.
Target 4: all drinking water supply,
sanitation and hygiene services are
delivered in a progressively affordable,
accountable and financially and
environmentally sustainable manner.
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17. Objectives behind the targets
• Progressive realisation through:
– increasing the numbers of people using the
services
– Reducing inequalities
– Increases in service levels
• Progress in schools, health centres and
households
• Achievement of universal coverage by 2040
• Sustained coverage over the long term
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