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SUSTAINABLE WASH LEARNING EVENT




                            Patrick Moriarty
             IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre


31/01/2011   Patrick Moriarty, IRC
1 Capital investment is only the start




                                Capital
           Costs of capital   expenditure



                                      Operational and
                                          minor
 Indirect support                      maintenance
       cost                            expenditure



                                    Capital
                                  maintenance
                                  expenditure
             Direct support
                 costs




31/01/2011                Patrick Moriarty, IRC
2 Priorities shift as the sector matures

~ US$ 5/capita/year for
hand pumps
  Danger zone: as basic infrastructure is
~provided, coverage risks stagnating at
  US$ 20/capita/year
for around 60 - 80% due to insufficient
    small piped                           Management/Recurrent
networks
     investment in management while              costs
 capital investment remains high due to
           need for rehabilitation
    Costs




                                                        Capital costs (capital
                                                       maintenance dominates)
                        Capital costs (capital
                      investment dominates)


                          25%               50%         75%              100%
                                      Coverage rates

31/01/2011          Patrick Moriarty, IRC
3 Service levels
                                                             High service: people access a
                                                           minimum of 60l/c/d of high quality
                                                                   water on demand

                                                 Intermediate service: people access a
                                                 minimum of 40l/c/d of acceptable quality
                                                 water from an improved source spending
                                                 no more that 30 minutes per day
                                       Basic service: people access a minimum
                                       of 20l/c/d of acceptable quality water
                                       from an improved source spending no
                                       more that 30 minutes per day
                                Sub-standard service: people access a
                                service that is an improvement on having
                                no service at all, but fails to meet the
                                basic standard on one or more criteria
                       No service: people access water from insecure
                       or unimproved sources, or sources that are too
31/01/2011   Patrick Moriarty, IRC consuming or are of poor quality
                       distant, time
Implications for sustainability




31/01/2011   Patrick Moriarty, IRC
A first step….identifying the building blocks

All costs summed over service                                                        Source of
lifetime (e.g. 20 years)                Activities                   Cost             finance
                                                                          Per
                                                                total    person
                                    Initial development of
                                   borehole and equipment
Capital investment                      with handpump           10,000      33         NGO
                                      Occasional minor
Operational expenditure                maintenance              1,900       6          Users
Capital maintenance               Replacement of handpump
expenditure                            (every 10 years)         2,000       7     Local government
                                  District level monitoring –
Direct support costs               technical backstopping       5,700       19    Local government

Indirect support costs                       N/A

Costs of capital                             N/A

Total life-cycle cost                                           19,600      65

  31/01/2011        Patrick Moriarty, IRC
31/01/2011   Patrick Moriarty, IRC

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Incorporating life cycle costing into water service provision

  • 1. SUSTAINABLE WASH LEARNING EVENT Patrick Moriarty IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre 31/01/2011 Patrick Moriarty, IRC
  • 2. 1 Capital investment is only the start Capital Costs of capital expenditure Operational and minor Indirect support maintenance cost expenditure Capital maintenance expenditure Direct support costs 31/01/2011 Patrick Moriarty, IRC
  • 3. 2 Priorities shift as the sector matures ~ US$ 5/capita/year for hand pumps Danger zone: as basic infrastructure is ~provided, coverage risks stagnating at US$ 20/capita/year for around 60 - 80% due to insufficient small piped Management/Recurrent networks investment in management while costs capital investment remains high due to need for rehabilitation Costs Capital costs (capital maintenance dominates) Capital costs (capital investment dominates) 25% 50% 75% 100% Coverage rates 31/01/2011 Patrick Moriarty, IRC
  • 4. 3 Service levels High service: people access a minimum of 60l/c/d of high quality water on demand Intermediate service: people access a minimum of 40l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day Basic service: people access a minimum of 20l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day Sub-standard service: people access a service that is an improvement on having no service at all, but fails to meet the basic standard on one or more criteria No service: people access water from insecure or unimproved sources, or sources that are too 31/01/2011 Patrick Moriarty, IRC consuming or are of poor quality distant, time
  • 6. A first step….identifying the building blocks All costs summed over service Source of lifetime (e.g. 20 years) Activities Cost finance Per total person Initial development of borehole and equipment Capital investment with handpump 10,000 33 NGO Occasional minor Operational expenditure maintenance 1,900 6 Users Capital maintenance Replacement of handpump expenditure (every 10 years) 2,000 7 Local government District level monitoring – Direct support costs technical backstopping 5,700 19 Local government Indirect support costs N/A Costs of capital N/A Total life-cycle cost 19,600 65 31/01/2011 Patrick Moriarty, IRC
  • 7. 31/01/2011 Patrick Moriarty, IRC