2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oG_OAPQ
TQO0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeeC8lSfb
xo
3. Decreases risk factors, increases protective
factors
Address all forms of drug use
Is tailored to the target population
Establish norms and expectations
Use cognitive-behavioral methods
Emphasize development of
social, communication and problem-solving
skills
Increase self-efficacy and drug resistance skills
Take place at level of school, family or
community
4. Family
◦ History of drug abuse and conflict
◦ Favorable attitudes towards problem behavior
School
◦ Academic failure
◦ Lack of commitment
Individual
◦ Antisocial behavior
◦ rebelliousness
Community
◦ Availability of drugs
http://drug-abuse-rehab.net
5. Individual
◦ Positive attitude
◦ Self-esteem
◦ autonomy
Family
◦ Secure attachments
◦ Lack of conflict
External
◦ support systems
6. Originally designed as a
selective prevention
intervention
14 week program
Three parts
◦ Parent Training
◦ Child Training
◦ Family Training
Family communication/conflict
Build self-esteem and family
cohesion
7. 11 lessons in 7th
grade
3 lessons in 8th
grade
Increase motivation
for healthy
behaviors
Change social
norms surrounding
use
8. Goal is community-wide change
Implemented over several years
5 phase program
◦ Needs assessment
◦ Risk factor inventory
◦ Multi-facet action plan
◦ Recruitment of community participation
◦ Continuous evaluation
9.
10. Successful programs use some element of
cognitive behavioral therapy
Interventions should be tailored to a
community
Interventions should involve as many aspects
of the community as possible
There is insufficient data to draw conclusions
about prevention effects on adult health
Short term effects are promising
11. 1. Beets, M.W., Flay, B.R., Vuchinich, S., Snyder, F.J., Acock, A., Li, K., Burns, K., Washburn, I.J., &
Duriak, J., (2009).Use of a social and character development program to prevent
substance use, violent behaviors and sexual activity among elementary-school students
in Hawaii. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1438-1445.
2. Communities That Care. (2008). CTC Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http://www.sdrg.org/ctcresource/About_CTC_NEW.htm
3. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Flint, K.H., Hawkins, J., Harris, W., Lowry, R., McManus, T.,
Chyen, D., Whittle, L., Lim, C., & Wechsler, H. (2011). Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance—United States, 2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61 (4), 1
-160.
4. Ellickson, P.L., McCafferey, D.F., Ghosh-Dastidar, B., Longshor, D.L. (2003). New inroads in
preventing adolescent drug use: Results from a large-scale trial of project ALERT in
middle schools. American Journal of Public Health, 93(11), 1830-1836.
5. Ennett, S.T., Tobler, N.S., Ringwalt, C.L., Flewelling, R.L. (1994). How effective is drug abuse
resistance education? A meta-analysis of project DARE outcome evaluations. American Journal
of Public Health, 84(9) , 1394-1401.
6. Grant, J.D. , Scherrer, J.F., Lynskey M.T., Lyons, M.J., Eiesen, S.A., Tsuang, M.T., True, W.R., &
Bucholz, K.K. (2006). Adolescent alcohol use is a risk factor for adult alcohol and drug
dependence: evidence from a twin design. Psychological Medicine, 36 , 109-118.
7. Hawkins, J.D., & Catalano, R.F.(2003) Investing in Your Community’s Youth: An Introduction to
the Communities that Care System. Channing Bete Company Inc.
12. 8.
Hawkins, J.D., Oesterele, S.O., Brown, E.C., Monahan, K.C., Abbott, R.D., Arthur, M.
W., A&Catalano, R.F. (2012). Sustained decrease in risk exposure and youth
problem behaviors after installation of the Communities That Care prevention
system in a randomized trial. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent
Medicine, 166(2), 141-148.
9. Kumpher, K.L. (1998). Selective prevention interventions: the Strengthening
Families program. In R. Ashery, E.B. Robertson & K.L. Kumpher (Eds.), Drug Abuse
Prevention Through Family Interventions (160-207). Rockville, MD: National
Institute on Drug Abuse.
10. Mihalic, S., Fagan, A., Irwin, K., Ballard, D., & Elliott, D. (2004). Blueprints for
Violence Prevention. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
11. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2012). Prevention Benefits Exceed Its Cost and
has Sustained Effects. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/news-
events/nida-
notes/2012/07/prevention-system%E2%80%99s-benefits-exceed-cost-has-
sustained-effects.
Editor's Notes
Individual characteristics (i.e., dispositional attributes of the individual that may have a strong genetic base), such as easy temperament, positive orientation, intelligence, self-esteem, autonomy, and sociability. . Family characteristics, such as secure attachments, lack of family conflict, and cohesive and warm family interactions that provide emotional support and affection. . External (environmental) support systems at school, work, or church that encourage and reinforce children’s coping strategies, reward individuals’ competencies and determination, and provide them with a sense of meaning and an internal locus of control.
“ Health behaviors for all youth and children start with healthy beliefs and clear standards in families, school, communities and peer groups, build bonding, attachement and commitment to families school communities and peer groups by providing opportunities, skills and recognition and by nurturing individual characteristics”