1. Hakimjanova Irina Damirovna 6-5 class

2. Connected Shtaty of America, the USA (English The United States of America, USA, исп. Estados Unidos de América) — the state in the North America. Takes the fourth place in the world on territory (9 518 900 km ², 9 522 057 km ²) and the third place on a population (307 million persons). Capital — the city of Washington.

3. The United States border in the north on Canada, in the south — with Mexico, also have sea border with Russia. Are washed by Pacific ocean from the West and Atlantic ocean — from the east. Administratively the country shares on 50 states and federal district of Columbia, in submission of the USA also there is a number of island territories.

4. Inhabitants of the USA name Americans, and to the USA the general name America is applied. In Russian to the XX-th century middle the name the North American United States (САСШ) also has been extended.

5. The United States of America have been formed in 1776 at association of thirteen British colonies which have declared the independence. War for independence proceeded till 1783 and has terminated in a victory of colonists. In 1787 the Constitution of the USA, and in 1791 — the Bill about the rights which has essentially limited powers of the government concerning citizens has been accepted.

6. In 1860th years of the contradiction between slaveholding southern and industrial northern states have led to the beginning of four-year civil war. The victory of northern states has rescued the country from split and has led to a universal interdiction of slavery in the USA.

7. After the First World War the United States have definitively refused a policy of an isolationism and began to play an active role in world politics. In 1945 of the USA left the Second World War the first nuclear power and have entered global opposition with Soviet Union, lasting till the end of 1980th years.

8. Now the United States of America possess the world's largest economy ($14,2 trln), powerful armed forces, including the largest navy fleet, take a constant place in the UN Security Council, the state-founder of the North Atlantic alliance. The USA have the nuclear potential first on cumulative capacity on the Earth.

9. The basic territory of the USA (named continental states) is located on North American continent and stretched from Atlantic ocean in the east to Pacific ocean in the west. In the south of the USA border on Mexico, in the north — with Canada. Besides, the structure of the USA includes 2 more staff.

10. In the extreme northwest of continent there is the State of Alaska also adjoining on Canada. In Pacific ocean there is the State of Hawaii. The border with Russia passes through Bering strait. The USA a number of islands in Caribbean sea (for example, Puerto Rico) and in Pacific ocean (American Samoa, Miduej, Guam, etc.) also belongs.

11. Under that or other management of the USA are (but do not enter into them) a number of the island territories having the various status. In territory of an uninhabited atoll of Palmira the constitution of the USA completely operates. Other territories have own basic legislation. Largest of such territories is Puerto Rico.

12. On the basic territory of the country to the West from Atlantic Coastal plain Appalachsky mountains behind which Central valley (200—500 m over ocean level), a plateau Great Plains (600-1500) settles down were stretched. All West is occupied by a range of Cordilleras.

13. As the country is located in the big territory, in it almost all climatic zones — from the Arctic climate in the north of Alaska to tropical in the State of Hawaii and in the south of Florida are presented.

14. Bowels are rich with stocks of various natural minerals, including — stone and brown coal, iron and manganous ore. Cordilleras, Colorado plateau, Great Plains and Gulf plain possess deposits copper, zinc, lead, silver, хромитовых, vanadic, tungsten, молибденовых, titanic, polymetallic, uranium, mercury ores, gold, sulphur, phosphates and other chemical raw materials.

15. Slopes of Cordilleras are covered by dense coniferous woods, Appalachian mountains — woods from широколиственных breeds; prairies almost does not remain. In the north of Alaska the tundra vegetation is extended.

16. The rivers which have formed deep canyons, concern pools running into Pacific ocean. Mississipi (with inflow of Missouri) — one of the longest river systems of a planet — was stretched on 6 420 km. On border with Canada there are Great Lakes — Top, Guron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario.

17. The state consists of 50 states which are subjects equal in rights of federation, capital federal district of Columbia and dependent territories. Each staff has the constitution, the legislative, executive and judicial authorities. The majority of names of states occur from names of American Indian tribes and names of kings of England and France.

18. States share on districts (English county, parish (Louisiana), borough (Alaska)) — smaller administrative units, is less than staff and not less than a city. In total according to Bureau of population census of the USA in the country 3 141 district is. The least quantity of districts in the State of Delaware (3), the greatest in the State of Texas (254).

19. Powers of administration of districts and mutual relation with municipal authorities of the settlements located in their territory strongly differ from staff to staff. A local life of settlements municipalities operate.

20. The special status for not incorporated territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, Federation of Micronesia, the Virgin Islands, Eastern Samoa etc. is established.): these territories have a deliberative vote and can theoretically stop or suspend the exclusive relations with Washington.