This document provides an overview of 3 biomass-based cogeneration case studies in India: 1. Arvind Mills Cogeneration Plant - A 27MW plant in Gujarat that meets the company's power, heating and cooling needs through a biomass-fueled CHP system. It has a payback period of 4 years. 2. DSL, Himachal Pradesh - A 5MW biomass CHP plant that provides reliable steam and power for a textile manufacturing plant. It uses biomass from local sources. 3. Jemara, Odisha - A 20kg/hr biomass gasifier system that provides electricity to 115 households in a remote

1. Energy Management
Biomass based cogeneration plants
1
Prepared By:
Atharva Oswal #219
Aditya Cheema #304
Kushal Karamchandani #309
Nachiket Kulkarni #311
Ishan Parekh #315

2. Biomass based Cogen / CHP Plants
“Combined heat and power (CHP / co-generation) refers to
energy systems that concurrently generate electricity and heat
from the same fuel source. In conventional power plants, about
two thirds of the primary energy that is converted to produce
electricity is lost as waste heat.”
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3. How it works
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4. Opportunity for India
• Building CHP plants in industrial facilities reduces the
challenge of high overall capital costs
• India has cogen as 5% of its electricity production.
• India has the potential to produce more than 25% of its total
electricity by CHP by 2030.
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5. Strengths in using CHP
Increased energy efficiency
Lower energy costs possible
Lower emissions
Fuel switching flexibility
Opportunity for development of decentralized energy supply system
Important vehicle for promoting energy market diversification
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6. Challenges in using CHP
Capital costs
Geographical limits
Infrastructural limits
Operations & maintenance costs
Reliance on thermal energy conversion 6

7. Implementing Strategies
Install CHP when existing system needs to be
upgraded
Use biomass resources, including waste
Sell the emissions reduction
Optimize CHP in solar, thermal & geothermal
development 7

8. ARVIND MILLS COGENERATION PLANT
Case Analysis
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9. Features
Innovative CHP plant
27MW plant
Meets the company requirement of power, heating
& cooling
Incorporates a “Zero Liquid Discharge Effluent
Treatment” technology that decreases fresh water
requirements by 85%
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10. Investment & Payback
Total
investment
in 1996 -
$50 million
Project
completion
time – 18
months
Payback
period – 4
years 10

11. Critical Requirements
Generate steam and power
competitively to reduce energy costs
Ensure reliable supply of high-
quality steam and power for
uninterrupted production and
superior product quality
Guarantee an efficient and flexible
management of steam and power to
meet the fluctuating process
demands
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12. Fuel Procurement
• 2 biogas fired plants
• Biogas is made from biomass which includes various
substances such as:
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Rice husk from
rice mills
Bagasse from
sugar plants
Jute waste
from jute
mills
Casuarinas
trees from
Agro-Farming
Cotton and red
gram stalks
from farmers
Woody
biomass from
farmers
Groundnut
shell from oil
mills

13. The CHP plant
• 90 tonnes per hour
(TPH) of steam
• 27.5 MW of power
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14. Unique Features
Energy &
Environment
Integration
Flexibility
Inlet Air
Cooling
Availability
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15. DSL, HIMACHAL PRADESH
Case Analysis
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16. Description of Activity
• DSL is engaged in the energy intensive business of textile
manufacturing.
• Plant requires – Continuous Power Supply
(3.7MW)
& Steam (5tph)
• To ensure reliable, cost effective & clean power & steam for
the plant, DSL has opted for 5MW biomass based
cogeneration route.
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17. • Pre – Project Scenario
• Post – Case Scenario
The purpose of the project activity is to install a combined heat
and power generation (Cogeneration) plant to meet the steam
and power requirements
The Cogeneration unit would comprise of a -:
• high pressure boiler (30 tph, 67 Kg/cm2, 4850C) and
• an extraction cum condensing turbine (5.0MW, 64 Kg/cm2,
4850C).
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18. Projects Benefits to the
Sustainable Development
• Advantages as a cogeneration plant ?
• Socio - Economic well being
• Environmental well being
• Technological well being
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19. Geographical Location
19

20. Technology of Project
• The project consists of a
• high pressure,
• high temperature boiler feeding steam to a multistage,
• bleed cum condensing impulse turbine.
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21. Description of Project
Boundary
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22. Biomass CHP Energy Diagram
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23. Barriers
• Barriers due to prevailing practice
• Technological Barrier
• Other Barriers
23

24. CDM Executive Board
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25. KOTHARA,GUJARAT
Case Analysis
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26. The demonstration project
• GEDA energy plantation programmes in Kachchh since early
1980s
• Multidimensional programmes with linkages to energy supply,
food and fodder, soil regeneration, ecological development
and local employment generation
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27. Tree species
• Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia
tortillas, Eucalyptus, Subabul and Casurina
• Specimens that can survive in harsh climates, poor soils and
minimal water conditions; also able to regenerate the soil
• they are grown for cyclical harvesting; cropped or coppiced
periodically for their biomass, a sustainable resource
• Biomass yields from energy plantations usually range from 4-8
tonnes per ha per year
27

28. Cost break up
• Project cost: Rs.2.07 crore; plant & machinery: Rs.1.6 crore
and civil work: Rs.30 lakhs
• Objective: to feed 500kW electric power into grid at Kothara
sub station
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Installed capacity 2*400 KVA
Net power fed into grid 500kW
Consumption of diesel 97ml/kWh
Consumption of biomass/kWh 1.2kg
Fuel cost Rs.1.5/kWh
Operation hours 16hrs/day
Power generation potential 300 lakh units/annum
GERB purchase price Rs.2.25/unit

29. Location
• Kothara; biomass feedstock comes from Kachchh energy
plantation sites
• Closeness to gridline; grid connectivity costs eliminated
• Kothara located at a distance avg. 20km from each of GEDA
energy plantation sites
• load at the GEB Sub-station at Kothara was the minimum
amongst the other sub-stations in the taluka, and it allowed
easy and more viable grid connectivity
• reduced the cost of the transmission line installation for the
project
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30. Capacity details
• Single unit of 500 kW gasifier
• State-of the art electricals including control panels
transformer, synchronizing equipment with complete safety
systems for grid paralleling
• Equipped with extensive instrumentation, data logging and
laboratory materials
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31. Constraints
• Due to several reasons, the project did not sustain:
• Poor quality of the local grid,
• Constrains due to dual-fuel mode, particularly 30% of the
diesel cost and certain logical problems of organizing it to the
site
• Miss-match of the existing load and installed capacity.
• Project was implemented based on the non-existent
plantation and unavailable input material. 31

32. IISC., BANGALORE
Sustainable Technologies
32

33. Planning for implementation
• Discussion with the local village communities explaining the
technology, roles, responsibilities and benefits of the project
• Establishment and protection of energy forest to ensure sustainable
biomass availability
• The first system of the capacity of 3.7 kWe was installed in 1988 and later
• upgraded to 20 kWe in 1997
• The second system was installed at Hanumantha Nagara in 1996 of 20 kWe
capacity
• Local youth were trained to operate and maintain the systems
• Village community is engaged in management, operation, supervision, &
protection.
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34. Specs
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35. System performance
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36. Performance…contd.
Fuel mode Number of days in percentange
Dual fuel mode 70%
Diesel only 25%
*5% down time for operations and maintenance
Total power generated varied from 12 to 22 MWh per year
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41. Cost of power generated
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42. Economics
• The cost of power generation per kWh was varying between Rs.3.44 to Rs.5.85
depending upon the PLF corresponding to 30% on full capacity. This was arrived at
based on the following input parameters:
• With the current rate of over 30% escalation in cost, the power production cost
will be worked out to Rs.4.55 to Rs.6.75 per kWh produced.
Parameter Cost
Fuel wood Rs.0.75/kg
Diesel + transport Rs.23.45/kg
Engine maintenance Rs.5.42/h
Operation cost Rs.6.25/h
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43. Tariff recovery
• Fee for service model
• Lighting tariff was fixed at Rs.5/bulb point/month and Rs.10/-
per household for piped water supply.
• The applications covered in services are:
Lighting
Drinking water
Flour mill, and
Irrigation
• Recovery rate for year 2001 to 2003 was 94% to99%
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44. Problems
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45. Problems
• Technical problems
• Fuel supply
• Non availability of power
• Social problems
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46. Benefits
• Social benefits:
• Water supply to the household at door-step
• Women can spend 2.6 h/day in productively instead of spending the time in
collecting water.
• Electricity for lighting in all houses, help school-going children in their studies.
• Locally available flour mill facility.
• Economic benefits:
• Employment/income generation.
• Increased crop production through irrigation.
• Establishment of energy forest.
• Increased vegetable and mulberry growth – thus engage more labour.
• Environmental impact:
• Raising energy forest.
• Low or insignificant ash producing fuel (in comparison with coal) growth
• Biomass combustion leads to insignificant sulfur emission.
• Fossil fuel cogeneration and carbon mitigation.
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47. JEMARA, ODHISHA.
Case Analysis
47

48. Introduction
• The project is to provide electricity to a remote village Jemara in
Orissa
• The Energy and Resources Institute, commonly known as TERI
works on design and development of biomass gasifier system for
thermal and power generation purposes.
• Gasifiers with various capacities ranging from 10 kg/hr to 300
kg/h, working in the field.
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49. Location details
•Name of the village : Jemara
•Distance from nearest city: 80 km
from Bilaspur
•Population of the village:above
500
•No. of households:12
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50. Project details
• Capacity of the Gasifier System :20 kg/h
• Capacity of the Genset :15 kVa
• Peak load :9 kW
• Minimum load: 6 kW
• Duration of operation: 4 hours
• Fuel used :80 – 90 kg/day
• Power produced
• Specific Fuel Consumption: 1.7 – 1.8 kg/kWh
• Date of commissioning :13th February, 2005
• Budget layout: Rs.9 lakhs
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51. Operation details :
•Number of households electrified :
115
•Lighting : 1600 hrs to 2200 hrs
•Average load : 6 to 7 kW
•Other requirements : Rice huller and
Oil expeller
51

52. Village Committee
• A village energy security committee is formed.
• It consists 21 members from the village.
• The committee maintains a record on tariff collections
and expenditure.
• There are two people employed for system operation
and maintenance.
• The committee manages operation and maintenance
of the system through the tariff collected from the
villagers.
52

53. Tariff rating and collection
mechanism
• Every house hold using electricity pays twenty five Rupees
per month.
• Addition to the money paid every house holds contributes
biomass of 30 to 40 kg per month.
• The biomass collected is used to feed the gasifier.
• The money collected is used to pay the operators and to
meet the expense on O&M of the engine
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54. Quality aspects
• Each and every system is tested for its quality and
performance before despatching it to the site.
• Very essential to avoid any unforeseen troubleshooting and
rectification at the site.
• Since the villages are situated in the remote area where it is
difficult to access the location and to get any major
rectification work done.
• Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the system is perfect
before despatching it.
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