Building Community Resilience with Social Media

I am the Endocrine Witch. I am a netizen!
Thursday, August 14, 14

Social Media &
Community Resilience
Iris Thiele Isip Tan MD, MSc
Chief, UP Medical Informatics Unit
Assoc. Prof. 4, UP College of Medicine
Image from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/269387/lifestyle/
peopleandevents/nice-day-for-wet-wedding-couple-marries-in-middle-of-monsoon

What is
community
resilience?
How can
social media
build
community
resilience?
Image from
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/
weird-wide-web/meet-the-waterproof-filipinos Image from
http://waterproofph.tumblr.com/
post/29027955189/sergdomasian
Image from
https://twitter.com/probinsueno/
status/233111359909396480
Implications
for public
health

Resilience
Latin resilio
Jump back
Bounce back
Image from http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/
weird-wide-web/meet-the-waterproof-filipinos

“The ability of a system, community or society
exposed to hazards to resist, absorb,
accommodate to and recover from the effects
of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner”
Photo: REUTERS/Damir Sagolj
Resilience United Nations
International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction

UK AID. Department for International Development.
Defining Disaster Resilience: a DFID Approach Paper.

“Risk reduction and emergency
management by themselves will
not necessarily build disaster
resilience in communities...
social interactions,
competencies and
interactions improved by
‘community development’
activities form a critical part of
the resilience-building
triumvirate.”
Neil Dufty, Using media to build community disaster resilience.
The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 2012; 27(1):40–45.

How can
social media build
community resilience?
Image from
http://waterproofph.tumblr.com/post/29027955189/sergdomasian

Social Media
Websites and
applications that
enable users to
create and share
content or to
participate in social
networking
“Social Media Explained (with Donuts)” by Chris Lott,
https://flic.kr/p/br5x86

How Social Media Can Help Build
Community Disaster Resilience
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Goal: ‘Minimization of residual risk’
Informing others of disaster risks
Discussing and planning ways to
minimize risk
Coordinating and managing tasks
Conducting post-event learning to
improve

“The more governments, UN agencies,
organizations, businesses and civil society
understand risk and vulnerability, the better
equipped they will be able to mitigate disasters
when they strike and save more lives.”
- Ban Ki Moon (United Nations Secretary-General)
Image by World Economic Forum https://flic.kr/p/9hcnV3

“There is no such thing as a ‘natural’ disaster, only natural
hazards. Disaster risk reduction aims to reduce the damage
caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and
cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.”
UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/336530/scitech/science/two-days-before-yolanda-a-govt-graphic-about-storm-surges

http://www.gov.ph/crisis-response/mga-paalala-ukol-sa-storm-surge/

http://irevolution.net/2014/07/01/filipino-official-strategy-crisis-hashtags/

www.gov.ph/crisis-response/
Unified Hashtags
Storms: #(stormname)PH ex. #YolandaPH
Rescue requests from citizens: #RescuePH
Person requesting help is ok: #SafeNow
Relief requests: #ReliefPH

After 2012 Habagat floods subsided
#lubak2normal to tweet pictures and details about potholes
and cracks on the national highways of Metro Manila
http://irevolution.net/2014/07/01/filipino-official-strategy-crisis-hashtags/

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Goal: ‘Safe communities through
shared responsibility’
Providing emergency intelligence
through crowdsourcing
Helping people prepare for disasters
Communicating warnings to others
Coordinating community response
and recovery
improve

Image by @thisisrenemd
http://tmblr.co/ZsnmZuR2wmi-
Crowdsource
Obtain (information or input
into a particular task or
project) by enlisting the
services of a number of
people, either paid or unpaid,
typically via the Internet

The use of social media to gain real time information on the
ground in a disaster has been driven by the rapid speed at which
information can be distributed, the cross-platform accessibility
of information, and the ubiquity of social media worldwide.
S. Vieweg, AL Hughes, K. Starbird, L. Palen. Microblogging during two natural hazard events: what
Twitter may contribute to situational awareness, in ACM, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2010. pp 1079-88.
Typhoon Haiyan by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center https://flic.kr/p/hvY9d4

Advantages of Crowdsourcing for Disaster Relief
Gao H, Barbier H, Goolsby R. (2011) Harnessing the Crowdsourcing Power of Social Media for Disaster Relief
Hourglass by paav-o
http://www.freeimages.com/photo/457968
1
2
3
Crowdsourced data including
user requests and status reports are
collected almost
immediately after a
disaster using social media
Crowdsourcing tools collect
data, do rudimentary
analysis then partition the
data. Ex. most frequently requested
resources or most urgent requests
Geo-tagged information can help
relief organizations accurately
locate specific requests for help
--> crisis map

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/11/131108-typhoon-haiyan-philippines-crisis-mapping/
http://www.micromappers.com/

http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters

Shortfalls of Crowdsourcing for Disaster Relief
App Sketching by Johan Larsson,
https://flic.kr/p/dHLKPt
1
2
3
No common mechanism
specifically designed for
collaboration &
coordination between
disparate relief
organizations
Data from crowdsourcing
applications do not always
provide all the right
information needed for
disaster relief efforts
Crowdsourcing applications do not have adequate security
features for relief organizations and relief operations

Family & Friends Communication between affected
and unaffected communities/areas or within affected communities
Situation Updates: Neighbors and communities share
critical information - road closures, power outages, fires etc.
Situational/Supplemental Awareness:
Information from authorities supplemented by citizens in text,
image and video format
Services Access Assistance: share methods on
“how” to access a service including how to “frame” the situation
to elicit a better response from government agencies/services
http://www.mediabadger.com/2011/07/social-media-use-in-crises-situations/
1
2
3
4

http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/11/messages-to-and-from-survivors-of-typhoon-haiyan/?_r=0

http://blog.marketwired.com/2013/11/21/social-media-being-
used-to-help-in-the-wake-of-typhoon-haiyan/

Nov 6-20, 2013
data using MAP
(Media Analysis Platform)
http://blog.marketwired.com/2013/11/21/social-media-being-
used-to-help-in-the-wake-of-typhoon-haiyan/

http://www.regroup.com/welcome/american-red-cross-stresses-using-social-media-in-emergency-notifications-infograph/

Flood mapping shows areas prone to flooding, designate a
safe zone for evacuation
Remote monitoring check flooding/rainfall in other areas
Weather advisory connects with Project NOAH, PAGASA and DOST

Share screenshots or text
content on social media platforms
(Facebook, Twitter, Instagram)
PAR (Philippine Area of Responsibility)
Overview (MTSAT, Rainfall Contours, Chance of Rain etc)
Doppler (Subic, Tagaytag, Cebu, Hinatuan, Tampakan)
Sensors (Weather Stations, Stream/Rain Gauges,Tide Levels)
Weather Outlook (Probability of Rain, PAGASA Typhoon Forecast

Provide handy electronic resources to the public for emergencies
Increase public awareness on the fundamentals of Disaster Risk
Reduction

Reporting tool for concerned citizens, companies & organizations
Allows user to broadcast reassurance posts to family & friends
Notifications for disasters happening near you
Location of safe evacuation sites and disaster shelters
Toolbox with flashlight, alerts and audible alarm

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Goal: ‘Formation of social capital for
disasters’
Increasing and improving social
networks, leadership and support
systems
Providing support to people during
and after a disaster
improve

Holding hands by spekulator
Social capital
resources accumulated through the relationships among people
Coleman, 1988
Social media preserves and improves existing ties
and foster new relations
without limitations of geography and time.

https://www.facebook.com/pages/OPLAN-HATID/327718327370778
Photo from Junep Ocampo

Social Media: Challenges
in Disaster Response
Huang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57
Remote and less developed areas have more
challenges accessing the internet
Less affluent and less educated have
less access to IT
Wifi signal by Nicolas Nova https://flic.kr/p/4FSjuv

Social Media: Challenges in Disaster Response
Disasters destroy
infrastructure and
interrupt services
Image by Priya from
http://www.funlimits.com/3-biggest-fears-generation/
Photo by Ana P. Santos/Rappler from
http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/recovery/
55908-wanted-climate-proof-energy-sector

How to authenticate, validate and
ensure accuracy of messages in
times of crisis and chaos
Scalability of social networking sites
SNS are not secured and private and
personal information can be leaked
A social network visualization by brewbooks
https://flic.kr/p/cddsPU

“
Internet social networking alone is not a
silver bullet in disaster preparations
and relief. We must be prudent to
integrate all appropriate technologies.
silver bullet by Ed Schipul
https://flic.kr/p/7kFgYt

Image from
https://twitter.com/probinsueno/
status/233111359909396480
Implications for
public health

1
2
3
Presence: Existence of particular social media
feature Ex. number of tweets on Twitter, videos on YouTube,
photos on Flickr; posts, videos, events, views on Facebook etc.
Interactivity: audience members posting content,
comments or likes
Reach: number of people connected with through
the social media application Ex. number of followers on
Twitter, subscribers on YouTube, likes on Facebook etc.

‘Social Media apps” by Jason Howie
https://flic.kr/p/e5wZ3t
Social Media & Public Health Thackeray et al BMC Public Health 2012:12:242
Inform, educate &
empower people about health
issues
Enhance the speed at which
communication is sent and
received during public health
emergencies or outbreaks
Mobilize community
partnerships and action
Facilitate behavior change
Collect surveillance data
Understand public
perceptions of issues

Huang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57 “
For public health workers and emergency responders ...
speed to construct a network of professionals around
practical and realistic common interests and objectives
rather than around traditional bureaucratic structures.
The Art of Social Media by mkhmarketing https://flic.kr/p/dUmKE4

“
The non-hierarchical two-way communication system
with feedback to influence policy making.
Huang et al BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making 2010,10:57 provided by most Web 2.0 social networks also empowers
public users to participate in policy discussions
Listen to me by Joseph Gilbert https://flic.kr/p/4iTsX2

create conversations and engage with the audience. “
... social media as a channel to distribute information
rather than capitalizing on the interactivity available to

https://www.facebook.com/OfficialDOHgov

The Australian Journal of Emergency Management Feb 2012; 27(1):20-26
Psychological
First Aid
First things you might do to
assist individuals & families
in the first hours
following a disaster
Reduce initial stress
Meet current needs
Promote flexible coping
Encourage adjustment

Online questionnaire
Snowball sampling
27 questions
Investigate the use of social
media in emergencies and
disasters
Identification of an ‘index’ event
Use of social media &
information sources in relation
to index event
Demographics
Routine use of social media
Baywatch in Venice beach by james72
Psychological
First Aid:
6 core principles
Safety
Calm
Connectedness
Self- & group efficacy
Hope
Help
Taylor et al. The Australian Journal of Emergency
Management Feb 2012; 27(1):20-26

What people were doing on social media
Seeking general information
Leaving msgs of support/sympathy
Seeking specific info from people
Providing general information
Responding to questions from people
Requesting help from others (directly impacted)
Offering direct help to others

How use of social media
was making people feel
useful
less worried
connected to others
active involved
encouraged by help/support given to people
supported by others
hopeful about the future
confused
misled by others
suspicious about the quality of info
mistrustful of the people supplying info

The Australian Journal of Emergency Management Feb 2012; 27(1):20-26
“The role of social media ... is not to replace face-to-face
rumors and sensationalized media reporting. Thursday, August 14, 14
support or contact, or to replace official warning
services, but it can expand capacity to deliver
information, extend the reach of official messages
and limit the psychological damage caused by

Interconnectedness of people, organizations,
Information overload by Marina Noordegraaf
https://flic.kr/p/6xxYBs
information & technology during crises Crisis Informatics

www.facebook.com/EndocrineWitch Social media for
health promotion

How can photos
go viral? A research question

@endocrine_witch isiptan@endocrine-witch.net

Building Community Resilience with Social Media

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Building Community Resilience with Social Media

Similaire à Building Community Resilience with Social Media (20)

Plus de Iris Thiele Isip-Tan

Plus de Iris Thiele Isip-Tan (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Building Community Resilience with Social Media