1. Scenario 6 (a) Blossoms everywhere... You are among one of the lucky botany students at UniversitiPendidikan Sultan Idris that was selected to visit a famous botanical garden in Kew, Richmon, London. Along a few days trip in Kew Garden you are introduced to numerous types of flower and inflorescences of plants kept in the garden which include all types of flower around the world. Since the visit fell on spring, you can see all the plants around you were flowering, such a nice view to experience! Back to university you are instructed to write a report about those flowers seen in Kew garden then present it to the whole department so everybody can share your experience. You will try to make the presentations as interesting as possible so everybody can feel your experience. You are then working in two groups: Those working on the external structure of all variety of flowers and inflorescences seen.
8. Facts Lucky botany students from UPSI was selected to visit a famous botanical garden in Kew, Richman, London. We were introduced to numerous types of flower and inflorescences of plant which include all flower around the world All plants around were flowering because the visit fell on spring season. We were instructed to write a report once back to university. The external structure of all variety of flowers and inflorescences seen have to be presented.
26. The phenological definition of spring relates to indicators, the blossoming of a range of plant species, and the activities of animals, or the special smell of soil that has reached the temperature for micro flora to flourish.
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28. Snow, if a normal part of winter, begins to melt, and streams swell with runoff. Frosts, if a normal part of winter, become less severe. Many temperate climates have no snow and may have no frosts, and the air and ground temperature increase.
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30. Subtropical and tropical areas have climates better described in terms of other seasons, eg dry or wet, or monsoonal, or cyclonic.
31. While spring is a result of the warmth caused by the turning of the Earth's axis, the weather in many parts of the world is overlain by events which appear very erratic taken on a year to year basis, but the rainfall in spring, or any season, follows trends more related to longer cycles or events created by ocean currents and ocean temperatures which move to different complex effects.
32. A good and well researched example being the El Nino effect and the Southern Oscillation Index.Spring
33. Q2. What is the variety and external structures of flowers seen in Kew Garden?
39. Morphology of Flower According to Corolla 1. Sympetalous – Flowers coming under this group come with their petals joined, partially or fully. 2. Polypetalous – The petals of these flowers coming under this group are not joined. 3. Actinomorphic – The flowers coming under this group are having characteristic radial symmetry. The flower can be divided into two identical parts along any imaginary axis through centre. 4. Zygomorphic– The flowers display bilateral symmetry. Only two symmetrical parts are possible along a single axis passing through centre.
40. Classification Based on the position 1. Terminal – In this group, flowers or clusters of flowers arise on the ends of the axis or branches, like Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia) and Nerium oleander .2. Axillary – flowers or clusters of flowers are carried at the junction of the stem or axis and the leaf, like Catharanthusroseus (periwinkle), Callicarpamericana (beautyberry), and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus) . Morphology of Flower
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43. Q3. What type of inflorescences can be seen in Kew Garden?
44. INFLORESCENCE An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch. It is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified. Spikes, racemes, umbels, whorls, panicles, cymes, and corymbs are common types of inflorescences.
50. Q4. What are the control factors that induce the plants flowering in the Kew Garden?
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52. Short day plants (SDP) - require one or more days with less than a certain amount of daylight. Or, the critical day length to induce flowering must be less than some maximum. These species usually flower in the spring or fall.
53. Long day Plants (LDP) - require one or more days with more than a minimum day length to flower. The critical day length must be longer than a minimum.
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55. One inductive photoperiod may suffice to induce flowering (i.e., cocklebur, Japanese morning glory); or, flowering many require several days, with a cumulative effect.
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57. Using cocklebur, a SDP, Bonner & Hamner showed that it flowers if it received one critical photoperiod with less than 8 hours of light (or, > 16 h darkness). The proportion of light/dark is not important in flowering. A light break during the night interrupts the flowering response, but a dark period during the day has little effect on flowering. The timing of the night break is important.
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59. Vernalization is common in biennials and winter annuals (such as winter wheat). The effect can be qualitative or quantitative. Vernalization usually works in concert with photoperiod. In other words, vernalization is required to make the plants sensitive to photoperiod. Thus, this acts as a "fail-safe" system to insure flowering at the appropriate time of year (after winter).
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61. Some seeds can be vernalized. However, they must be hydrated (dry, unimbibed seeds are insensitive). Biennials not responsive as seeds.
62. The meristem perceives cold treatment - grafting experiments and tissue culture experiments with rye.
66. Growth conditions (conditions that favor growth promote the transition to adult phase; poor conditions, such as water stress, lack of light, low temp, prolong the juvenile phase)
86. Birds of Paradise Birds of Paradise are one of the most colorful flowers in the world. The name comes from the spectacular flower shape which resembles a birds beak and head plumage. Known as Crane flowers are one of the most beautiful Exotic Flowers. Native to South Africa. Bloom from September through May. The flowers of the Birds of Paradise resemble a brightly colored bird in flight and so the name Birds of Paradise.
87. Cherry Blossom Cherry Blossom are one of the most beautiful flowers, coming in bright colors. T The Cherry Blossom trees in full bloom, during the arrival of spring, is one of the most beautiful sights to behold. Cherry Blossom is so popular that festivals are celebrated in its honor- the Cherry Blossom Festival, celebrated in the months of March and April.
88. Heather Flowers Hyacinths are spring-flowering bulbs with long, narrow leaves that are folded lengthwise. Hyacinths are highly fragrant flowers that bloom in dense clusters. Hyacinth is the common name for approximately 30 perennial flowering plants of the genus Hyacinthus (order Liliales, family Liliaceae) of the Mediterranean region and Africa.
89. Tulips Tulips are one of the most popular spring flowers of all time, and the third most popular flowers world-wide next only to the Rose and Chrysanthemum Tulips come in an incredible variety of colors, heights, and flower shapes. Some Tulips are even fragrant.
