Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including plants, animals and other organisms. There are two main groups of organisms - animals and plants. Animals are further divided into vertebrates and invertebrates, while plants are divided into flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Biodiversity is found in different ecosystems around the world and is important to study and protect.

1. Chapter 3 :
Biodiversity

2. 1.
What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity is also know as biological diversity
Biodiversity refers to wide variety of organisms on earth

3. Observe the biodiversity in this rainforest

4. Where can we find biodiversity?

5. 2.
BIODIVERSITY
ANIMALS PLANTS

6. 1. There are two main groups of animals:
Animals
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Animal with backbones Animal without backbones

7. A. Invertebrates
a. More than 90% of animals are invertebrates
b. Since invertebrates have no backbone, they are usually
small in size.
c. Examples:
 Inserts such as ants, butterflies, flies, and cockroaches
 Spiders
 Crabs
 Prawns
 Worms
 Mollusks such as snails

8. B. Vertebrates
a. Smaller group compared to invertebrates.
However, we are more familiar with this group
of animals
b. Since vertebrates have backbone to support their
weight, many vertebrates are large in size
c. Examples:
 Elephants
 Eagles
 Whales
 Snakes
 Frogs
 Clown fish

9. Classification of vertebrates
Vertebrates
Amphibians Birds Reptiles
Fish Mammals

10. Sword Fish
Lampam
Banded Leaf
Fish

11. 1.Common characteristics of fish
• Body covered with slimy scales for protection
• Have fins and tail to swim
• Streamlined bodies to swim well
• Breathe through gills
•Cold-blooded (body temperature changes with the
surrounding temperature)
• Lay eggs
•Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside
the female body)

12. Toad Salamander

13. 1. Common characteristics of amphibians
• Body covered with moist skin
•Adults can live on land and water
• Adults breathe with lung on land and through
moist skin when in water
• Cold-blooded (body temperature changes with the
surrounding temperature)
• Lay eggs covered with jelly-like substance
• Young amphibians live in water and breathe through
gills
• Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized
outside the female body)

14. Tortoises
Snake
Crocodile

15. 1. Common characteristics of reptiles
• Body covered with hard and dry scales for protection
• Breathe with lungs
• Cold-blooded (body temperature changes with
surrounding temperature)
• Lay eggs with leathery shells
• Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized
inside the female body)

16. Kingfisher
Hornbill

17. 1.Common characteristics of birds
• Body covered with feathers
• Have wings and beak
• Breathe with lungs
• Warm-blooded (body temperature remains constant)
• Lay eggs with hard shells
• Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside
the female body)

18. Camel Orangutan
Tiger
Rhinoceros Elephant

19. 1. Common characteristics of mammals
• Body covered with hair or fur
• Breathe with lungs
• Warm-blooded (body temperature remains constant)
• Give birth to live young
• Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside
the female body)
• Young mammals feed on milk from their mother’s
mammary glands

20. Plants
Flowering Plants Non-flowering Plants
Examples Examples

21. Plants
Produce flowers Do not produce flowers
Single blade Leaves divided
leaves Into leaflets Needle-like Leaves divided
leaves into leaflets
Leave with Leaves with
parallel veinsnetwork-like
veins
Leaves with Leaves with
parallel veins network-like
veins

22. Non-flowering plants
• Further divided to conifers, ferns, mosses, and algae
• Conifers
 Reproduce by seeds produced in cones
 Have needle-like leaves
 Example: casuarinas, pine
• Ferns
 Reproduced by spores on the underside of leaves
 Example: Bird’s nest fern, stag’s horn fern

23. • Mosses
 Reproduce by spores produced in capsules
 Example: White moss
•Algae
 Very simple plants
 No proper roots, stems, leaves
 Example: Seaweed

24. Flowering plants
• Produce flower for reproduction
• Flower fruits and seeds new plants
• Based on the seeds they produce, flowering plants can be
further divided into 2 groups
Flowering plants
Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
Have seeds with one cotyledon Have seeds with two cotyledon

25. • Each seed has only one cotyledon
One cotyledon
Amaize grain cut into half

26. • Their leaves have parallel veins
Parallel
veins
Maize
Fibrous roots
• They have fibrous roots

27. • Mostly are herbaceous plant (plants with non-woody
stems)
• Examples: Grasses, sugar cane, banana, paddy, and
orchid plants

28. • Each seed has two cotyledons
Two cotyledons
Agreen bean (split into two)

29. • Their leaves have network-like veins
Network-like
Balsam plant veins
Tap root
• They have fibrous tap roots

30. • They may be trees, shrubs or herbaceous
• Examples: Rubber and durian trees, hibiscus, morning glory
and sunflower plants