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1. Perkawinan Tikus kuning dan Tikus abu-abu
   P: ♀ Yy >< yy ♂
   G: Y, y y,y
   F1: Yy, Yy, yy, yy

   Perbandingan genotip
   Yy : yy = 2 : 2
   Perbandingan fenotip
   Tikus kuning (Yy) : Tikus abu-abu (yy) = 1 : 1

   Perkawinan Tikus kuning dan Tikus kuning
   P: ♀ Yy >< Yy ♂
   G: Y,y Y, y
   F1: YY, Yy, Yy, yy

   Perbandingan genotip
   YY : Yy : yy = 1 : 2 : 1
   Perbandingan fenotip
   Tikus hitam (YY) : Tikus kuning (Yy) : Tikus abu-abu (yy) = 1 : 2 : 1

   Tikus hitam (YY) akan mati dalam janin.
   Jadi, dihasilkan jumlah anak paling banyak pada perkawinan pertama, yaitu antara Tikus
   kuning dan Tikus abu-abu.

2. P: ♀ menutup >< membuka ♂
   G:    ?            ?
   F 1:               100% → membuka dominan terhadap menutup

   Kemungkinan
   Genotip orang tua:
   Menutup: aa
   Membuka: Aa, AA

   Maka,
   Kemungkinan 1
   P: ♀ aa >< Aa ♂
   G: a,a A,a
   F1: Aa, aa, Aa, aa

   Perbandingan genotip
   Aa : aa = 1 : 1
   Perbandingan fenotip
   Aa (membuka) : aa (menutup) = 1 : 1
   Tidak sesuai
Kemungkinan 2
   P: ♀ aa >< AA ♂
   G: a,a A,A
   F1: Aa, Aa, Aa, Aa

   Perbandingan genotip
   100% Aa
   Perbandingan fenotip
   100% Aa (membuka)

   Jadi, parentalnya adalah aa (menutup) dan AA (membuka)
   Pembuktian:
   P2: ♀ Aa >< Aa ♂
   G: A,a A,a
   F2: AA, Aa, Aa, aa

   Perbandingan genotip
   AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1
   Perbandingan fenotip
   Membuka : menutup = 3 : 1

3. D → pembuat penyakit
   d → normal

   P1: ♀ normal >< penderita ♂
          Dd ><        D-
   F1: Fenotip 3 : 1

   Kemungkinan 1
   P: ♀ dd >< DD ♂
   G: d,d D,D
   F1: Dd, Dd, Dd, Dd

   Fenotipnya 100% penderita
   Salah

   Kemungkinan 2
   P: ♀ dd >< Dd ♂
   G: d,d D,d
   F1: Dd, dd, Dd, dd

   Fenotipnya 50% normal
-    Karena pada perkawina kedua perbandingan fenotip gen normal nya masih lebih
        besar dari perbandingan fenotip di kenyataan yang terjadi, maka hal ini masih
        mungkin terjadi

        Maka, P1 = dd (1) >< Dd (2)
          F2 (1) >< F2 (2) → normal >< kelainan
                              Dd           ??
          F3 → 100% kelainan

   -    Kemungkinan perkawinan antara individu normal dan individu kelainan yang
        anaknya mengalami 100% kelainan adalah kemungkinan 1, yaitu
        F2 (1) >< F2 (2) → dd >< DD
   -    Perhatikan kemungkinan dari F1 hasil perkawinan P1 >< P1.
        Hasil F1 yang mengalami kelainan hanya mungkin terjadi jika bergenotip Dd
        Maka F2  (3) ><  (4)
                   Dd       dd
   -    F2 (5) → Dd (kelainan)
   -    F2 (6) → dd (normal)
   -    F2 (7) → dd (normal)

   -    F3
        P2: F 2 1 >< F 2 2

            dd >< Dd

        F3: Dd, Dd, dd, dd

        Maka, F 3 1 dan F 3 1 = Dd

   -    F 2 3 >< F 2 4
        Dd       dd
        F3: Dd, Dd, dd, dd
        F 3 3 = dd F 3 4 = Dd        F 3 6 = Dd
        F 3 4 = Dd F 3 5 = dd        F 3 7 = Dd
   -    F8 = ?
        F2 dd >< dd
        F3      dd%
        F3 8 = dd

4. a)       P: ♀ RRPp >< rrPp ♂
            G:     RP     rP
                   Rp     rp
                   RP     rP
                   Rp     rp
F1:
              ♂ rP             rp           rP         Rp
     ♀
     RP          RrPP        RrPp           RrPP       RrPp
                 (Walnut)    (Walnut)       (Walnut)   (Walnut)
     Rp          RrPp        Rrpp           RrPp       Rrpp
                 (Walnut)    (Mawar)        (Walnut)   (Mawar)
     RP          RrPP        RrPp           RrPP       RrPp
                 (Walnut)    (Walnut)       (Walnut)   (Walnut)
     Rp          RrPp        Rrpp           RrPp       Rrpp
                 (Walnut)    (Mawar)        (Walnut)   (Mawar)
     Perbandingan fenotip
     Walnut (R-P-) : Mawar (R-pp) = 3 : 1


b)   P: ♀ rrPP >< RrPp ♂
     G:      rp     RP
             rp     Rp
             rp     rP
             rp     rp
     F 1:
              ♂ RP               Rp         rP         rp
     ♀
     rP           RrPP           RrPp       rrPP       rrPp
                  (Walnut)       (Walnut)   (Ercis)    (Ercis)
     rP           RrPP           RrPp       rrPP       rrPp
                  (Walnut)       (Walnut)   (Ercis)    (Ercis)
     rP           RrPP           RrPp       rrPP       rrPp
                  (Walnut)       (Walnut)   (Ercis)    (Ercis)
     rP           RrPP           RrPp       rrPP       rrPp
                  (Walnut)       (Walnut)   (Ercis)    (Ercis)
     Perbandingan fenotip
     Walnut (R-P-) : Ercis (rrP-) = 1 : 1


c)   P: ♀ RrPp >< Rrpp ♂
     G:     RP     Rp
            Rp     Rp
            rP     rp
            rp     rp
     F1:
             ♂ Rp              Rp           rp         rp
     ♀
     RP          RRPp          RRPp         RrPp       RrPp
(Walnut)    (Walnut)       (Walnut)      (Walnut)
        Rp          RRpp        RRpp           Rrpp          Rrpp
                    (Mawar)     (Mawar)        (Mawar)       (Mawar)
        rP          RrPp        RrPp           rrPp          rrPp
                    (Walnut)    (Walnut)       (Ercis)       (Ercis)
        rp          Rrpp        Rrpp           rrpp          rrpp
                    (Mawar)     (Mawar)        (Tunggal) (Tunggal)
        Perbandingan fenotip
        Walnut (R-P-) : Mawar (R-pp) : Ercis (rrP-) : Tunggal (rrpp) = 3 : 3 : 1 : 1

   d)   P: ♀ Rrpp >< rrpp ♂
        G:     Rp      rp
               Rp      rp
               rp      rp
               rp      rp
        F1:
                ♂ rp               rp            rp            rp
        ♀
        Rp          Rrpp           Rrpp          Rrpp          Rrpp
                    (Mawar)        (Mawar)       (Mawar)       (Mawar)
        Rp          Rrpp           Rrpp          Rrpp          Rrpp
                    (Mawar)        (Mawar)       (Mawar)       (Mawar)
        rp          rrpp           rrpp          rrpp          rrpp
                    (Tunggal)      (Tunggal)     (Tunggal)     (Tunggal)
        rp          rrpp           rrpp          rrpp          rrpp
                    (Tunggal)      (Tunggal)     (Tunggal)     (Tunggal)


5. a)   P: ♀ Ccpp >< ccPp ♂
        G:     Cp     cP
               Cp     cp
               cp     cP
               cp     cp
        F1:
                ♂ cP               cP            cp            cp
        ♀
        Cp          CcPp           CcPp          Ccpp          Ccpp
                    (Ungu)         (Ungu)        (Putih)       (Putih)
        Cp          CcPp           CpPp          Ccpp          Ccpp
                    (Ungu)         (Ungu)        (Putih)       (Putih)
        cp          ccPp           ccPp          ccpp          ccpp
                    (Putih)        (Putih)       (Putih)       (Putih)
        cp          ccPp           ccPp          ccpp          ccpp
(Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)
     Perbandingan fenotip
     Ungu : Putih = 1 : 3

b)   P: ♀ CcPp >< Ccpp ♂
     G:     CP      Cp
            Cp      Cp
            cP      cp
            cp      cp
     F1:
             ♂ Cp           Cp        cp        cp
     ♀
     CP           CCPp      CCPp      CcPp      CcPp
                  (Ungu)    (Ungu)    (Ungu)    (Ungu)
     Cp           Ccpp      CCpp      Ccpp      Ccpp
                  (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)
     cP           CcPp      CcPp      ccPp      ccPp
                  (Ungu)    (Ungu)    (Putih)   (Putih)
     cp           Ccpp      Ccpp      ccpp      ccpp
                  (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)
     Perbandingan fenotip
     Ungu : Putih = 3 : 5

c)   P: ♀ ccpp >< CcPp ♂
     G:     cP      CP
            cp      Cp
            cp      cP
            cp      cp
     F1:
             ♂ cp           cp        cp        cp
     ♀
     CP           CcPp      CcPp      CcPp      CcPp
                  (Ungu)    (Ungu)    (Ungu)    (Ungu)
     Cp           Ccpp      Ccpp      Ccpp      Ccpp
                  (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)
     cP           ccPp      ccPp      ccPp      ccPp
                  (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)
     cp           ccpp      ccpp      ccpp      ccpp
                  (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)   (Putih)
     Perbandingan fenotip
     Ungu : Putih = 1 : 3

d)   P: ♀ CcPp >< CcPp ♂
G:      CP     CP
                  Cp     Cp
                  cP     cP
                  cp     cp
          F1:
                   ♂ CP           Cp          cP          cp
          ♀
          CP           CCPP       CCPp        CcPP        CcPp
                       (Ungu)     (Ungu)      (Ungu)      (Ungu)
          Cp           CCPp       CCpp        CcPp        Ccpp
                       (Ungu)     (Putih)     (Ungu)      (Putih)
          cP           CcPP       CcPp        ccPP        ccPp
                       (Ungu)     (Ungu)      (Putih)     (Putih)
          cp           CcPp       Ccpp        ccPp        ccpp
                       (Ungu)     (Putih)     (Putih)     (Putih)
          Perbandingan fenotip
          Ungu : Putih = 9 : 7

6. P: ♀ DDee >< ddEE ♂
   G:     De     dE
   F 1:     DdEe
          (normal)

7. a) 22 AAXXY    → Pria, penderita klinefeiter
   b) 22 AAXXX    → Wanita super
   c) 22 AAXO     → Wanita, penderita Syndrome Turner
   d) 22 AAXXXY   →?
   e) 22 AAXYY    → Pria, agresif (Syndrome Jacob)

8. A

9. A


10. a) Pria XXY adalah pria yang menderita Syndrome Jacob
    b) Sifatnya:
            - Perawakan tinggi
            - Antisosial
            - Agresif
            - Suka melakukan tindakan criminal atau yang melawan hokum
            - Kelebihan kromosom Y
    c) Gagal berpisah

11. A
12. P1: Xc Xe >< XcY
    F1: Xc Xc, Xc X, Xc Xe, Xe Ye
    Jenis kelamin anak sapi tersebut adalah jantan.

13. XH Xh >< XH Y
          ↓
      XH XH, XH Y, XH Xh, Xh Y

      XH XH >< XH Y

                 ↓

      XH Xh >< XH Y

      XH XH, XH Y, XH Xh, Xh Y

      A I       I A A I A I

                      ↓

      Kromosom yang hilang itu berasal dari ayahnya.


14.
       Golongan darah anak             Golongan darah Ibu   Ayah tidak mungkin
                                                            bergolongan darah
                                                            seperti berikut ini
       O                               O                    AB
       B                               A                    A,O
       AB                              AB                   O
       N                               MN                   M
       M                               M                    O

15.
                     AB           B



                     AB           A         B




                 B            A        B        O




            A             B       AB

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Genetika

  • 1. 1. Perkawinan Tikus kuning dan Tikus abu-abu P: ♀ Yy >< yy ♂ G: Y, y y,y F1: Yy, Yy, yy, yy Perbandingan genotip Yy : yy = 2 : 2 Perbandingan fenotip Tikus kuning (Yy) : Tikus abu-abu (yy) = 1 : 1 Perkawinan Tikus kuning dan Tikus kuning P: ♀ Yy >< Yy ♂ G: Y,y Y, y F1: YY, Yy, Yy, yy Perbandingan genotip YY : Yy : yy = 1 : 2 : 1 Perbandingan fenotip Tikus hitam (YY) : Tikus kuning (Yy) : Tikus abu-abu (yy) = 1 : 2 : 1 Tikus hitam (YY) akan mati dalam janin. Jadi, dihasilkan jumlah anak paling banyak pada perkawinan pertama, yaitu antara Tikus kuning dan Tikus abu-abu. 2. P: ♀ menutup >< membuka ♂ G: ? ? F 1: 100% → membuka dominan terhadap menutup Kemungkinan Genotip orang tua: Menutup: aa Membuka: Aa, AA Maka, Kemungkinan 1 P: ♀ aa >< Aa ♂ G: a,a A,a F1: Aa, aa, Aa, aa Perbandingan genotip Aa : aa = 1 : 1 Perbandingan fenotip Aa (membuka) : aa (menutup) = 1 : 1 Tidak sesuai
  • 2. Kemungkinan 2 P: ♀ aa >< AA ♂ G: a,a A,A F1: Aa, Aa, Aa, Aa Perbandingan genotip 100% Aa Perbandingan fenotip 100% Aa (membuka) Jadi, parentalnya adalah aa (menutup) dan AA (membuka) Pembuktian: P2: ♀ Aa >< Aa ♂ G: A,a A,a F2: AA, Aa, Aa, aa Perbandingan genotip AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1 Perbandingan fenotip Membuka : menutup = 3 : 1 3. D → pembuat penyakit d → normal P1: ♀ normal >< penderita ♂ Dd >< D- F1: Fenotip 3 : 1 Kemungkinan 1 P: ♀ dd >< DD ♂ G: d,d D,D F1: Dd, Dd, Dd, Dd Fenotipnya 100% penderita Salah Kemungkinan 2 P: ♀ dd >< Dd ♂ G: d,d D,d F1: Dd, dd, Dd, dd Fenotipnya 50% normal
  • 3. - Karena pada perkawina kedua perbandingan fenotip gen normal nya masih lebih besar dari perbandingan fenotip di kenyataan yang terjadi, maka hal ini masih mungkin terjadi Maka, P1 = dd (1) >< Dd (2) F2 (1) >< F2 (2) → normal >< kelainan Dd ?? F3 → 100% kelainan - Kemungkinan perkawinan antara individu normal dan individu kelainan yang anaknya mengalami 100% kelainan adalah kemungkinan 1, yaitu F2 (1) >< F2 (2) → dd >< DD - Perhatikan kemungkinan dari F1 hasil perkawinan P1 >< P1. Hasil F1 yang mengalami kelainan hanya mungkin terjadi jika bergenotip Dd Maka F2  (3) ><  (4) Dd dd - F2 (5) → Dd (kelainan) - F2 (6) → dd (normal) - F2 (7) → dd (normal) - F3 P2: F 2 1 >< F 2 2 dd >< Dd F3: Dd, Dd, dd, dd Maka, F 3 1 dan F 3 1 = Dd - F 2 3 >< F 2 4 Dd dd F3: Dd, Dd, dd, dd F 3 3 = dd F 3 4 = Dd F 3 6 = Dd F 3 4 = Dd F 3 5 = dd F 3 7 = Dd - F8 = ? F2 dd >< dd F3 dd% F3 8 = dd 4. a) P: ♀ RRPp >< rrPp ♂ G: RP rP Rp rp RP rP Rp rp
  • 4. F1: ♂ rP rp rP Rp ♀ RP RrPP RrPp RrPP RrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Walnut) (Walnut) Rp RrPp Rrpp RrPp Rrpp (Walnut) (Mawar) (Walnut) (Mawar) RP RrPP RrPp RrPP RrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Walnut) (Walnut) Rp RrPp Rrpp RrPp Rrpp (Walnut) (Mawar) (Walnut) (Mawar) Perbandingan fenotip Walnut (R-P-) : Mawar (R-pp) = 3 : 1 b) P: ♀ rrPP >< RrPp ♂ G: rp RP rp Rp rp rP rp rp F 1: ♂ RP Rp rP rp ♀ rP RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Ercis) (Ercis) rP RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Ercis) (Ercis) rP RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Ercis) (Ercis) rP RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Ercis) (Ercis) Perbandingan fenotip Walnut (R-P-) : Ercis (rrP-) = 1 : 1 c) P: ♀ RrPp >< Rrpp ♂ G: RP Rp Rp Rp rP rp rp rp F1: ♂ Rp Rp rp rp ♀ RP RRPp RRPp RrPp RrPp
  • 5. (Walnut) (Walnut) (Walnut) (Walnut) Rp RRpp RRpp Rrpp Rrpp (Mawar) (Mawar) (Mawar) (Mawar) rP RrPp RrPp rrPp rrPp (Walnut) (Walnut) (Ercis) (Ercis) rp Rrpp Rrpp rrpp rrpp (Mawar) (Mawar) (Tunggal) (Tunggal) Perbandingan fenotip Walnut (R-P-) : Mawar (R-pp) : Ercis (rrP-) : Tunggal (rrpp) = 3 : 3 : 1 : 1 d) P: ♀ Rrpp >< rrpp ♂ G: Rp rp Rp rp rp rp rp rp F1: ♂ rp rp rp rp ♀ Rp Rrpp Rrpp Rrpp Rrpp (Mawar) (Mawar) (Mawar) (Mawar) Rp Rrpp Rrpp Rrpp Rrpp (Mawar) (Mawar) (Mawar) (Mawar) rp rrpp rrpp rrpp rrpp (Tunggal) (Tunggal) (Tunggal) (Tunggal) rp rrpp rrpp rrpp rrpp (Tunggal) (Tunggal) (Tunggal) (Tunggal) 5. a) P: ♀ Ccpp >< ccPp ♂ G: Cp cP Cp cp cp cP cp cp F1: ♂ cP cP cp cp ♀ Cp CcPp CcPp Ccpp Ccpp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Putih) (Putih) Cp CcPp CpPp Ccpp Ccpp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Putih) (Putih) cp ccPp ccPp ccpp ccpp (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) cp ccPp ccPp ccpp ccpp
  • 6. (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) Perbandingan fenotip Ungu : Putih = 1 : 3 b) P: ♀ CcPp >< Ccpp ♂ G: CP Cp Cp Cp cP cp cp cp F1: ♂ Cp Cp cp cp ♀ CP CCPp CCPp CcPp CcPp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Ungu) (Ungu) Cp Ccpp CCpp Ccpp Ccpp (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) cP CcPp CcPp ccPp ccPp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Putih) (Putih) cp Ccpp Ccpp ccpp ccpp (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) Perbandingan fenotip Ungu : Putih = 3 : 5 c) P: ♀ ccpp >< CcPp ♂ G: cP CP cp Cp cp cP cp cp F1: ♂ cp cp cp cp ♀ CP CcPp CcPp CcPp CcPp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Ungu) (Ungu) Cp Ccpp Ccpp Ccpp Ccpp (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) cP ccPp ccPp ccPp ccPp (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) cp ccpp ccpp ccpp ccpp (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) Perbandingan fenotip Ungu : Putih = 1 : 3 d) P: ♀ CcPp >< CcPp ♂
  • 7. G: CP CP Cp Cp cP cP cp cp F1: ♂ CP Cp cP cp ♀ CP CCPP CCPp CcPP CcPp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Ungu) (Ungu) Cp CCPp CCpp CcPp Ccpp (Ungu) (Putih) (Ungu) (Putih) cP CcPP CcPp ccPP ccPp (Ungu) (Ungu) (Putih) (Putih) cp CcPp Ccpp ccPp ccpp (Ungu) (Putih) (Putih) (Putih) Perbandingan fenotip Ungu : Putih = 9 : 7 6. P: ♀ DDee >< ddEE ♂ G: De dE F 1: DdEe (normal) 7. a) 22 AAXXY → Pria, penderita klinefeiter b) 22 AAXXX → Wanita super c) 22 AAXO → Wanita, penderita Syndrome Turner d) 22 AAXXXY →? e) 22 AAXYY → Pria, agresif (Syndrome Jacob) 8. A 9. A 10. a) Pria XXY adalah pria yang menderita Syndrome Jacob b) Sifatnya: - Perawakan tinggi - Antisosial - Agresif - Suka melakukan tindakan criminal atau yang melawan hokum - Kelebihan kromosom Y c) Gagal berpisah 11. A
  • 8. 12. P1: Xc Xe >< XcY F1: Xc Xc, Xc X, Xc Xe, Xe Ye Jenis kelamin anak sapi tersebut adalah jantan. 13. XH Xh >< XH Y ↓ XH XH, XH Y, XH Xh, Xh Y XH XH >< XH Y ↓ XH Xh >< XH Y XH XH, XH Y, XH Xh, Xh Y A I I A A I A I ↓ Kromosom yang hilang itu berasal dari ayahnya. 14. Golongan darah anak Golongan darah Ibu Ayah tidak mungkin bergolongan darah seperti berikut ini O O AB B A A,O AB AB O N MN M M M O 15. AB B AB A B B A B O A B AB