Do the best whenever you have the opportunity for doing something"

1. By Dentist janvier habumugisha
1

2. 2
 Minerals play important role in our life especially in bone and
tooth formation
 Calcium which is more abundant at 99% in bone and teeth
 Phosphorus occupy 80-90% in bone and tooth and magnesium
60% in bone and teeth, other mineral such as fluoride,
zinc,copper,iron are also available in bone and teeth as well as in
other tissues
 And they have different sources

3.  Important minerals that provide benefits to your oral
health are:
1.Calcium—Your teeth and jaw are mostly made out of calcium
so consuming calcium on a regular basis helps keep your teeth
enamel and jaw strong and healthy.
 Sources of Calcium: Milk, yogurt, cheese, beans and kale

4. 2.Iron—Consuming too little of iron can cause tongue
inflammation or mouth sores. The main role of iron is to transport
oxygen throughout your body so a lack of iron can also contribute
to infections and bacteria build up in the mouth due to lack of
oxygen flow in your body.
 Sources of Iron: Liver and red meat

5. 3.Zinc—Zinc helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and the
build-up of plaque along your gum line.
 Sources of Zinc: Wheat, cereal, wild rice, cheese, and beef
4.Magnesium—Magnesium helps to build strong enamel for your
teeth and helps prevent the formation of cavities.
 Sources of Magnesium: Spinach, kale, dark chocolate

6. MINERAL ROLE SOURCE
Calcium Needed for tooth Milk, cheese, yogurt,
Phosphorous
Magnesium
development, prevents
loss of jaw bone and
teeth, rebuilds hard
surface of the teeth
(enamel)
seafood, dark green leafy
vegetables
Fluoride Prevents tooth decay,
helps repair enamel
Fluoridated water, black
tea, sardines
Zinc Needed for digestion,
healing cold and canker
sores
Liver, various meats, eggs,
seafood, whole-grain
cereals
Iodine Needed for tooth
development
Iodized salt, seafood,
kelp, saltwater fish
Copper Absorbs iron. Helps
produce blood and nerve
fibers
Liver, kidney, seafood,
nuts, seeds, tap water
Iron Protects against oral
cancer and helps the
immune system
Liver, eggs, fish, seafood,
various other meats,
enriched breads &
cereals, green leafy
vegetables
Potassium Needed for nerve function
and muscle contractions
Vegetables, legumes,
fruits, milk, cheese,
various meats, whole
grains

7. Mineral deficiencies
7
 iron.,zinc and copper play the following roles:
 Aid in collagen formation
 Wound healing
 Regulate inflammation
 Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, decreased
immunity, angular chelitis, glossitis ,pallor of lip and
mucosa
 Zinc deficiency cause loss of taste and
smell,xerostomia,candidiasis,Periodontal
diseases,caries

8. 8
 Calcium deficiency lead to osteopenia, osteoporosis,
succeptibility to dental caries,increased tooth mobility,
convulsion
 Phosphorus w/c favour vit D absorption and bone &teeth
formation,acid base balance
 Phosphorus deficiency cause bone demineralization, calcium
loss,succeptibility to caries
 Copper deficiencies may lead to:osteoporosis, arthritits, lesion
with connective tissues

9. Fluoride
9
 Fluoride is the ionic form of the element fluorine.
 Fluoride is a mineral found throughout the earth's crust and
widely distributed in nature.
 Found in soils rich in fluorspar,cryolite,and other minerals.

10. Sources
10
Small amounts:fruits,vegetables,cereals.
Rich amounts:sea foods and tea leaves.

11. Chief Source of Flouride.
11
 Water
 Topical agents (toothpaste).
According to WHO
 Flouridated Salt / Milk

12. Distribution of Flourides.
12
 Teeth and skeleton have the highest concentrations of fluoride.
--Due to the affinity of fluoride to calcium.
 Fluoride content of teeth increases rapidly during early
mineralization periods and continues to increase with age,but
at as lower rate.

13. Prevention of cavities by
Flouride.
Two different ways:
 Fluoride concentrates in the growing bones and developing
teeth of children, helping to harden the enamel on baby and
adult teeth before they emerge.
 Fluoride helps to harden the enamel on adult teeth that have
already emerged.
 APPLICATIONS
 Topically (On the surface).
 Systematically (Throughout the body).
13

14. Topical Flouride Sources.
14
 Toothpaste.
 Mouthrinses.
 Professionally applied gels, foams, rinses.
 Our own saliva.

15. Topical Applications.
15
Helps to Prevent.
 Cavities by strengthening the surface of the teeth (the enamel).
 Reducing the ability of bacteria contained in dental plaque to
produce acid.
 Re-mineralizing existing dental cavities.
Fluoride can actually heal small cavities in some cases, and prevent the need for
dental fillings.

16. Systemically Flouride Sources.
16
 Water and other beverages.
 Foods
 Drops
 Tablets
 Etc.

17. Application of Systemically
Flouride.17
 Strengthening of developing teeth from infancy
to adolescence.
 Strengthens teeth by the formation of harder
enamel by converting HYDROXYAPATITE
CRYSTALS to FLUORAPATITE.
 Flourapatite is less vulnerable to damage
from plaque acids

18. Dental fluorosis?
 Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental
enamel caused by excessive exposure to high concentrations
of fluoride during tooth development.
 Due to Inappropriate use of fluoride-containing dental
products.
18

19. Types of Dental Flourosis.
 Mild Dental Flourosis (common).
 Sever Dental Flourosis.
19

20. Mild Dental Flourosis
 Unnoticeable, tiny white streaks or specks in the enamel of the
tooth.
20

21. Sever Dental Flourosis.
21
 Tooth appearance is marred by discoloration or brown
markings.
 Pitted Enamel, Rough and Hard to Clean.
The spots and stains left by fluorosis are permanent and may darken over time.

22. Severe Dental Flourosis. (Case 1)
22

23. Severe Dental Flourosis. (Case 2)
23

24. Water Fluoridation.
24
 Addition of Flouride to Public water Supply.
 Community water fluoridation is safe and
effective in preventing dental caries in both
children and adults.
 Water fluoridation benefits all residents served
by community water supplies regardless of
their social or economic status.
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste or smell of drinking water.

25. REFERENCE
 - See more at:
http://oralhealth.deltadental.com/22,HD8#sthash.YllvRdD8.dpuf
 Bohn T, et al. Phytic acid added to white-wheat bread inhibits
fractional apparent magnesium absorption in humans.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2004 79:418 –23.