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PROBLEMS IN
HEALTHCARE
Emily Moore,
Hloniphani Juta
& Jasmine Paul
Introduction
 Health  care utilization can be appropriate
  or inappropriate, of high or low
  quality, expensive or inexpensive.

 Socially
 Economically
 Politically
 Hospital   setting

-Medication errors
-Hospital acquired infections
-Communication
-Patient confidentiality
-Incorrect use of equipment
 Community      based environment

-Access to health care
-Effective delivery of services
-Costs
-Social gradient
5



Medication Errors
              Patient safety is a central concern of health
              care delivery system.

              Important indicator of health care quality.

              1.5 million preventable medication error each
              year in the USA.

              Injuries due to errors in medication
              prescribing, dispensing and administration are
              preventable.
6




 TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS
  TYPE          DEFINTION
Prescribing    Incorrect drug selection, illegible
error          prescription
Omission error Failure to administer the drug
Wrong time     Administration of medicine before
error          predefined time
Unauthorised   Administration of medicine not
drug error     authorised by a legitimate prescriber.
Improper       Administering drug greater or lesser
dose error     dose than ordered dose.


                                                      DR. L. RAJESWARAN
7




 TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS

   TYPE                     DEFINTION
Prescribing    Incorrect drug selection, illegible
error          prescription
Omission error Failure to administer the drug
Wrong time     Administration of medicine before
error          predefined time
Unauthorised   Administration of medicine not
drug error     authorised by a legitimate prescriber.
Improper       Administering drug greater or lesser
dose error     dose than ordered dose.
8




     TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS
    TYPE                             DEFINITION
Wrong dose      Administration to the patient of a different product in a
form error      different dosage
Wrong drug      Drug product incorrectly formulated or manipulated
preparation
Wrong           Inappropriate or improper technique in the
administration- administration
technique
error
Deteriorated    Administration of a drug that has been expired
drug error
Monitoring      Failure to review a prescribed regimen for
error           appropriateness & detection of problems
Compliance      Inappropriate patient behaviour regarding adherence.
error
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PREVENTING MEDICATION
ERRORS
 Organizational
              recommendations
 recommendations for nurses
 Recommendations for prescribers
Access to Healthcare:
Definition
 The ability to receive healthcare
  services, both by obtaining available
  persons and supplies, and paying
  expenses of the services.
 Access refers to both entry and use
Core Issues With Access to
   Healthcare        2. Ability to pay
 1.Ability to obtain    expenses
  care/treatment
                           Lack  of health
   Simple: sterile         insurance
    dressing
    kit, vaccines          Living in poverty

   Complex:
    cardiologist, MRI
    machine
Core Issues: Facts
Inability to obtain care/treatment
 Approximately 9 million children die each
  year before they turn 5 years of age due
  to infectious diseases
     Inability to obtain immunizations and proper
      treatment             unnecessary deaths
Core Issues: Facts
Inability to pay expenses
 Approximately 69 million school-aged children are
  not in school, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa (31
  million) and Southern Asia (8 million)

    Lack of education         lack of a stable
     career/inability to make healthy life choices
     increased need for the healthcare system, with little
     money to utilize services
Why is this Problem Important?
 When access to healthcare is compromised, it can
 lead to millions of unnecessary deaths such as
 Tuberculosis and Malaria, that can be easily
 prevented with the use of existing medications.
15




REFERRENCES
   American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Guidelines on preventing medication errors in hospitals.
            Retrieved April 4, 2012, from www.ashp.org

   Global Health Progress. (2012). The issues: Access to care. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from
            http://www.globalhealthprogress.org/issues/access to care

   Green, M. (2002). The economics of health care. Retrieved April 4, 2012, from
            http://www.oheschools.org/ohech1pg1.html

   Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organization (JCAHO). Retrieved April 4, 2012,
             from www.joincommission.org

   Penchansky, R., & Thomas, J.W. (1981). The concepts of access: Definition and relationships to
           consumer satisfaction. Pub Med, 19(2), 127-140

   Shah, A. (2011). Health care around the world. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from
              http://www.globalissues.org/article/774/health-care-around-the-world

   Swedish Health Care. (2012). Retrieved April 3, 2012, from
             http://www.sweden.se/eng/Home/Society/Health-care/

   United Nations. (2012). Millennium development goals. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from
             http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml

   United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2004). Health care in America: Trends in
             utilization. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from
             http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/healthcare.pdf
Search Strategies
   We brainstormed the fundamental issues we felt were
    the biggest problems in healthcare. We listed these and
    to support our claims we sought out scholarly journals
    and non-governmental websites such as United Nations
    and the World Health Organization. The two most
    prevalent issues through our research was medication
    errors and access to healthcare

   We used databases such as Pub Med, CINAHL, and
    Google Scholar

   In order to reach a comprehensive synthesis on our two
    issues, we collaborated and divided our topics into
    subtopics: facts, specific types of issues within the
    problem itself, and how and why the problems are
    important to understand
Collaboration Process
   We divided the topics democratically by individually
    choosing which problems we wanted to focus on in our
    presentation. For instance, Emily was delegated the
    position of providing the introduction, Juta researched
    the issue of medication errors, and Jasmine researched
    access to healthcare

   We worked individually on our chosen issues and came
    together twice to combine our ideas and power point
    presentations, as well as edited the presentation
    together

   To select the presenter, we discussed who felt most
    comfortable as this is a new course with individuals from
    different backgrounds and experience. We all felt
    comfortable and so we made a vote

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Problems in healthcare edit

  • 2. Introduction  Health care utilization can be appropriate or inappropriate, of high or low quality, expensive or inexpensive.  Socially  Economically  Politically
  • 3.  Hospital setting -Medication errors -Hospital acquired infections -Communication -Patient confidentiality -Incorrect use of equipment
  • 4.  Community based environment -Access to health care -Effective delivery of services -Costs -Social gradient
  • 5. 5 Medication Errors Patient safety is a central concern of health care delivery system. Important indicator of health care quality. 1.5 million preventable medication error each year in the USA. Injuries due to errors in medication prescribing, dispensing and administration are preventable.
  • 6. 6 TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS TYPE DEFINTION Prescribing Incorrect drug selection, illegible error prescription Omission error Failure to administer the drug Wrong time Administration of medicine before error predefined time Unauthorised Administration of medicine not drug error authorised by a legitimate prescriber. Improper Administering drug greater or lesser dose error dose than ordered dose. DR. L. RAJESWARAN
  • 7. 7 TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS TYPE DEFINTION Prescribing Incorrect drug selection, illegible error prescription Omission error Failure to administer the drug Wrong time Administration of medicine before error predefined time Unauthorised Administration of medicine not drug error authorised by a legitimate prescriber. Improper Administering drug greater or lesser dose error dose than ordered dose.
  • 8. 8 TYPES OF MEDICATION ERRORS TYPE DEFINITION Wrong dose Administration to the patient of a different product in a form error different dosage Wrong drug Drug product incorrectly formulated or manipulated preparation Wrong Inappropriate or improper technique in the administration- administration technique error Deteriorated Administration of a drug that has been expired drug error Monitoring Failure to review a prescribed regimen for error appropriateness & detection of problems Compliance Inappropriate patient behaviour regarding adherence. error
  • 9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTING MEDICATION ERRORS  Organizational recommendations  recommendations for nurses  Recommendations for prescribers
  • 10. Access to Healthcare: Definition  The ability to receive healthcare services, both by obtaining available persons and supplies, and paying expenses of the services.  Access refers to both entry and use
  • 11. Core Issues With Access to Healthcare  2. Ability to pay  1.Ability to obtain expenses care/treatment  Lack of health  Simple: sterile insurance dressing kit, vaccines  Living in poverty  Complex: cardiologist, MRI machine
  • 12. Core Issues: Facts Inability to obtain care/treatment  Approximately 9 million children die each year before they turn 5 years of age due to infectious diseases  Inability to obtain immunizations and proper treatment unnecessary deaths
  • 13. Core Issues: Facts Inability to pay expenses  Approximately 69 million school-aged children are not in school, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa (31 million) and Southern Asia (8 million)  Lack of education lack of a stable career/inability to make healthy life choices increased need for the healthcare system, with little money to utilize services
  • 14. Why is this Problem Important?  When access to healthcare is compromised, it can lead to millions of unnecessary deaths such as Tuberculosis and Malaria, that can be easily prevented with the use of existing medications.
  • 15. 15 REFERRENCES  American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Guidelines on preventing medication errors in hospitals. Retrieved April 4, 2012, from www.ashp.org  Global Health Progress. (2012). The issues: Access to care. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.globalhealthprogress.org/issues/access to care  Green, M. (2002). The economics of health care. Retrieved April 4, 2012, from http://www.oheschools.org/ohech1pg1.html  Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organization (JCAHO). Retrieved April 4, 2012, from www.joincommission.org  Penchansky, R., & Thomas, J.W. (1981). The concepts of access: Definition and relationships to consumer satisfaction. Pub Med, 19(2), 127-140  Shah, A. (2011). Health care around the world. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/774/health-care-around-the-world  Swedish Health Care. (2012). Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.sweden.se/eng/Home/Society/Health-care/  United Nations. (2012). Millennium development goals. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml  United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2004). Health care in America: Trends in utilization. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/healthcare.pdf
  • 16. Search Strategies  We brainstormed the fundamental issues we felt were the biggest problems in healthcare. We listed these and to support our claims we sought out scholarly journals and non-governmental websites such as United Nations and the World Health Organization. The two most prevalent issues through our research was medication errors and access to healthcare  We used databases such as Pub Med, CINAHL, and Google Scholar  In order to reach a comprehensive synthesis on our two issues, we collaborated and divided our topics into subtopics: facts, specific types of issues within the problem itself, and how and why the problems are important to understand
  • 17. Collaboration Process  We divided the topics democratically by individually choosing which problems we wanted to focus on in our presentation. For instance, Emily was delegated the position of providing the introduction, Juta researched the issue of medication errors, and Jasmine researched access to healthcare  We worked individually on our chosen issues and came together twice to combine our ideas and power point presentations, as well as edited the presentation together  To select the presenter, we discussed who felt most comfortable as this is a new course with individuals from different backgrounds and experience. We all felt comfortable and so we made a vote

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Penchansky, R., & Thomas, J.W. (1981). The concepts of access: Definition and relationships to consumer satisfaction. Pub Med, 19(2), 127-140
  2. Global Health Progress. (2012). The issues: Access to care. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.globalhealthprogress.org/issues/access to care
  3. United Nations. (2012). Millennium development goals. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml
  4. United Nations. (2012). Millennium development goals. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml
  5. Global Health Progress. (2012). The issues: Access to care. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.globalhealthprogress.org/issues/access to care