This presentation fills you in on the basic terms that you need to understand when looking to purchase new photography equipment.

1. Equipment Class Learning what equipment is right for you

2. Brought to you by: Jason Kirby Owner of The Right Light Photography Instructor for San Diego Photography Classes http://www.SanDiegoPhotographyClass.com

3. Introductions What would you like to get out of this class? What kind of camera do you have? What kind of equipment interest you?

4. Expectations For Today Cover practical equipment that you can use and afford What you can use the equipment for Is that specific piece of equipment right for you

5. Main Topics Camera Bodies Lenses Flashes Accessories

6. Agenda 10-20 minutes on each topic Q&A for each topic 5 minutes Equipment hands on portion will come at the very end after lecture Items for purchase upstairs Post PPT online after class to view and buy equipment online

7. Lets Get Started

8. The DSLR If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light

9. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Megapixels Cameras with more megapixels give you the freedom to make huge prints and to crop your photos, but they do not necessarily have higher image quality. ISO (and Image Noise) Increasing the ISO setting lets you take clear photos in dim light without having to use a flash, but it also degrades the image quality. Dust Control Dust that lands on an SLR sensor appears as small black spots in every photo you take. Dust controls systems attempt to prevent and eliminate this.

10. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Image Stabilization There are two types of stabilization: one that's included inside the camera and one that's inside the lens. Regardless of the type, stabilization helps to eliminate blur in your photos caused by camera shake. Live View With a live view system, you can compose photos using the LCD screen on the back of the camera in addition to the viewfinder. Dynamic Range Your eyes have exceptional dynamic range and can see details in a scene even when there's extreme contrast. Unfortunately, an SLR doesn't work quite as well as your eyes.

11. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Crop Factor A digital SLR sensor is smaller than a frame of 35mm film, so only a portion of the image that passes through the lens is captured by the sensor. Autofocus Autofocus systems can include anywhere from 3 to 51 individual focus points. More important that the number of points is the accuracy of the system. Frames Per Second The amount of photos you can capture in your cameras continuous mode. Ranges from 2.5 fps – 11fps. In order to maximize your fps rate you must be shooting at a fast enough shutter speed.

12. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light File Formats: RAW and JPG JPG is the standard format for digital images, and is easy to e-mail, upload and print, but RAW offers significantly more creative freedom. Aspect Ratio Wonder why your digital prints never turn out exactly like the image on your computer monitor? The culprit is aspect ratio. HD Video Video is become more common on DSLRs and allow for you to record professional quality videos. Be weary of sound when you do not have an external microphone Points of Focus Allows you to choose where you want to focus. Most cameras have anywhere from 3 – 51 focus points. It is alternative to manual focusing

13. Considering Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light

14. The Sensor Full Frame VS. Digital

15. Crop Factor Black - Full FrameRed - 1.3x Crop FactorYellow - 1.5x Crop FactorGreen - 1.6x Crop Factor

16. Crop Factor 1.3x - Canon EOS 1D/1D MkII1.5x - Nikon 1.6x - Canon EOS Rebel and 40D/50D

17. Full Frame Digital or 35 mm

18. 1.3x Sensor – Canon 1D Series

19. 1.5x Sensor - Nikon

20. 1.6x Sensor – Canon Rebel Series

21. Entry Level DSLRs If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light

23. Small and light weight

24. Significant and noticeable upgrade front Point-n-Shoot

25. User friendly with scenes

26. Lots of accessible reviews and content on equipment

28. Made from plastic and weaker metals

29. Minimal points of focus

30. Bracketing is limited if not available

31. Only one command wheel

32. Most features and adjustments must be accessed through the menu

34. Pricing Nikon Nikon D3000 w/ 18-55 VR $549.99 Nikon D5000 w/ 18-55 VR $646.99

35. Why Buy Entry Level?

36. Prosumer DSLRs If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light

38. Made from magnesium

39. Significant and noticeable upgrade front entry level

40. More controls accessible outside of the menu

41. Lots of accessible reviews and content on equipment

42. HD Video

43. Any lens made for that mount will work

44. Better ISO ratings

46. Pricing Nikon Nikon D90 w/ 18-105 VR $1029.99 Nikon D300s Body Only $1534.95

47. Why Buy Prosumer?

48. DSLRs

49. Lenses Lens - One or more pieces of optical glass or similar material designed to collect and focus rays of light to form a sharp image on the film, paper, or projection screen. Lens Shade - A collar or hood at the front of a lens that keeps unwanted light from striking the lens and causing image flare. May be attached or detachable, and should be sized to the particular lens to avoid vignetting. Aperture - Lens opening. The opening in a camera lens through which light passes to expose the film. The size of aperture is either fixed or adjustable. Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers-the larger the number, the smaller the lens opening.

50. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light F Stop Numbers Numbers on the outside of the lens corresponding to the aperture opening. The larger the number (e.g., F/22), the smaller the opening of the lens; the smaller the number (e.g., F/2.8) the larger the opening of the lens. The f-number is equal to the focal length divided by the aperture diameter. Fixed Focal Length A camera with a non-removable, non-zoom lens. The lens focal length can't, therefore, be changed. DispersionLight rays of different wavelengths deviate different amounts through a lens causing a rainbow effect around points and edges.

51. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Flare Reflected light from lens elements, metal, etc. Appears as a non-uniform haze or bright spots on the film. Usually occurs when bright light (sun) enters the lens. Focal Length The distance between the back lens element and the focal plane. In 35mm format, lenses with a focal length of approximately 50mm are called normal (standard), lenses 35mm and shorter are called wide-angle, and lenses with a focal length of more than approximately 70mm are called telephoto lenses. Infinity In relation to camera focus: the horizon. Aspherical Not a continuous curve. Refers to elements in lenses which have been designed to compensate for distortion by having different curves on individual elements. Allows for a more compact lens.

52. Canon Terms If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Ultra Low Dispersion A type of glass used by Canon to make lens elements. "UD" glass corrects for chromatic aberration. Image Stabilization Compensates for camera shake allowing slower shutter speeds. USM Canon designation for "Ultrasonic Motor". Canon's fastest autofocus lens technology EF Lens Designation for Canon EOS system autofocus lenses.

53. Nikon Terms If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light ED (Extra Low Dispersion) Glass A glass developed and trademarked by Nikon Corporation, used in telephoto lenses to obtain optimum correction to help prevent chromatic aberration. These lenses are resistant to temperature changes, preventing focus shift problems in lenses that use calcium fluorite crystal elements. Vibration Reduction Compensates for camera shake allowing slower shutter speeds. AF-S The auto-focusing mechanism is built in the lens making them compatible for Nikon’s entry level cameras and allowing to focus faster on other Nikon bodies*

54. Kit Lenses Nikon 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR $182.56 55-200mm f/4-5.6G VR $224.24

55. Kit Lenses Canon 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G IS $115.86 55-250mm f/4-5.6G IS $255.00

56. Multipurpose Lenses Tamron 18-270 f/3.5-6.3 VC $599.00 Tamron 18-200 f/3.5-6.3 $289.00

57. Portrait Lenses Tamron 90mm f/2.8 Macro $499.99 Canon 50mm f/1.8 $99.95 Nikon 50mm f/1.8 $124.95

58. Landscape Lenses Tamron 11-18mm f/4.5-5.6 $539.00 Canon 10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 USM $720.00 Tokina 12-24mm f/4.0 $399.00

59. Action Lenses Tamron 70-200mm f/2.8 $729.95 Canon 70-200mm f/2.8 $1,220.00

60. 7Steps to Choosing a Lens Decide on your budget Determine the focal length you'll need Decide if you want a prime or zoom lens Select a maximum aperture Choose between first or third party lenses Evaluate any extra features Read reviews and narrow your options

61. Lenses

62. Flashes Flash - Artificial light source. Usually camera mounted but also larger studio models called strobes. TTL - Refers to flash or exposure metering which is read "through the lens" at the film plane. Hot shoe: this is the most common and obvious way to connect an external flash unit to the camera. Hot shoes have electronic connectors that can relay information from the SLR to the flash, but only when the flash brand matches the camera.

63. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light There are two other flash terms that have an impact on your flash photography, but are features of the camera instead of the flash:

64. Key Terms/Features If you really want to dredge into the specifics, you can do that at Wikipedia. Light passes through the lens and strikes a mirror (green) The mirror reflects the light up to a focusing screen Light passes through the focusing screen and enters a block of glass called a pentaprism (orange) The pentaprism reflects the image so that you can see it in the viewfinder When you take a photo, the mirror flips up and a shutter (blue) opens that exposes the digital sensor (red) to light Bounce When a flash has bounce, it simply means that you can angle the flash head so that it doesn't point straight ahead all the time. Swivel Swivel is a lot like bounce: it means that the top of the flash can be rotated to point to the left or right. While any flash with swivel also has bounce, the reverse is not always true: there are some flash units that have bounce but NOT swivel. Power The light output of different external flash units is described using the Guide Number.

65. Key Terms/Features Dedicated Flash A fully automatic flash that works only with specific cameras. Dedicated flash units automatically set the proper flash sync speed and lens aperture, and electronic sensors within the camera automatically control exposure by regulating the amount of light from the flash Wireless Flash The ability to wirelessly set off your flash when not attached to your hot shoe. *Nikons use their Creative Lighting System **Canons require pocket wizards or other wireless remotes.

66. Key Terms/Features Slow Sync Flash A function found on many cameras that tells your camera to shoot with both a longer shutter speed as well as firing the flash. Rear Curtain Sync Tells your camera to fire the flash at the end of the exposure. Front Curtain Sync Tells your camera to fire the flash at the start of the exposure. Red-Eye Reduction Used more for the pop-up flash, but it sets off multiple flashes to allow for the iris of the eye to close to prevent the red-eye effect

67. Nikon Flashes SB-400 AF Speedlight $114.99 SB-600 AF Speedlight $218.00 SB-900 AF Speedlight $469.88

68. Canon Flashes 270EX Speedlite $139.99 430 EX II Speedlite $250.00 580 EX II Speedlite $391.95

69. Flashes

70. Accessories Small and large tripods Filters

71. Demonstration

72. Don’t Forget… Make sure to always do your research. & Only purchase what you will use. & Practice, Practice, Practice

73. Evaluations Please take a few minutes to evaluate this course and give your feedback to make the next one even better

74. Exposure Bracketing Hands On Activity! Time to Play With the Cool Stuff

75. Questions