Miners expanded westward through placer and quartz mining, helping drive expansion. Ranching also grew on the open ranges of the Great Plains, with longhorn cattle herded by cowboys. As more settlers arrived, land disputes arose over ownership models between Native Americans and newcomers, leading the government to restrict tribes to reservations. The settling of the West was challenging for both homesteaders and Native Americans, with many struggling against the difficulties of the land and changes to their traditional ways of life.