This document provides an overview of art and patronage during the Italian Renaissance. Wealthy Italian families, such as the Medicis, and the Catholic Church were major patrons who sponsored works from many famous artists. Key developments included increased realism and use of perspective in works by Masaccio and Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael also produced famous sculptures and frescoes during this period. Major artworks demonstrated the values of humanism and classicism that were prominent during the Renaissance.

2. Art and PatronageArt and Patronage
 Italians were willing to spend a lot of
money on art.
/ Art communicated social, political, and spiritual
values.
/ Italian banking & international trade interests
had the money.
 Public art in Florence was organized and
supported by guilds.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a
form of competition for social & political status!

4. 1. Realism &1. Realism &
ExpressionExpression
 Expulsion fromExpulsion from
the Gardenthe Garden
 MasaccioMasaccio
 14271427
 First nudes sinceFirst nudes since
classical timesclassical times..

5. 2. Perspective2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
First useFirst use
of linearof linear
perspective!perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
 The TrinityThe Trinity
 MasaccioMasaccio
 14271427
What you are,What you are,
I once was;I once was;
what I am,what I am,
you willyou will
become.become.

6. 3. Classicism3. Classicism
 Greco-Roman
influence.
 Secularism.
 Humanism.
 Individualism  free
standing figures.
 Symmetry/Balance
TheThe “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)

7. 4. Empasis on Individualism4. Empasis on Individualism
 Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: TheBatista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The
Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoDuke & Dutchess of Urbino
 Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

8. Isabella d’Este –Isabella d’Este – da Vinci,da Vinci,
14991499  1474-1539
 “First Lady of
the Italian
Renaissance.”
 Great patroness
of the arts in
Mantua.
 Known during her
time as “First
Lady of the
World!”

9. 5. Geometrical Arrangement5. Geometrical Arrangement
ofof
FiguresFigures The DreyfusThe Dreyfus
MadonnaMadonna
with thewith the
PomegranatePomegranate
 Leonardo daLeonardo da
VinciVinci
 14691469
 The figure asThe figure as
architecture!architecture!

10. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening6. Light & Shadowing/Softening
EdgesEdges
ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro
SfumatoSfumato

11. 7. Artists as7. Artists as
Personalities/CelebritiesPersonalities/Celebrities
 Lives of the MostLives of the Most
ExcellentExcellent
Painters,Painters,
Sculptors, andSculptors, and
ArchitectsArchitects
 Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari
 15501550

13. Renaissance FlorenceRenaissance Florence
The Wool FactoryThe Wool Factory
by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570by Mirabello Cavalori, 15701252 – first gold1252 – first gold
florinsflorins mintedminted
Florentine lion:Florentine lion:
symbol of St.symbol of St.
MarkMark

14. LorenzoLorenzo
the Magnificentthe Magnificent
1478 - 15211478 - 1521
Cosimo deCosimo de
MediciMedici
1517 - 15741517 - 1574

15. Florence Under theFlorence Under the
MediciMedici
Medici ChapelMedici Chapel
The Medici PalaceThe Medici Palace

16.  Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
1377 - 14361377 - 1436
 ArchitectArchitect
 Cuppolo of St. MariaCuppolo of St. Maria
del Fioredel Fiore

17. Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
 Commissioned to
build the cathedral
dome.
/ Used unique
architectural
concepts.
 He studied the
ancient
Pantheon in
Rome.
 Used ribs for
support.

18. Brunelleschi’s “Secret”Brunelleschi’s “Secret”

19. Brunelleschi’sBrunelleschi’s
DomeDome

20. DomeDome
ComparisonsComparisons
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital
(Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

21. The Ideal CityThe Ideal City
Piero della Francesca,Piero della Francesca,
14701470

22. A Contest to Decorate theA Contest to Decorate the
Cathedral:Cathedral: Sacrifice of IsaacSacrifice of Isaac
PanelsPanelsBrunelleschi Ghiberti

23. Ghiberti –Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseGates of Paradise
Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 -Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 -
14521452
The Winner!The Winner!

24.  David byDavid by DonatelloDonatello
 14301430
 First free-form bronzeFirst free-form bronze
since Roman times!since Roman times!
The Liberation ofThe Liberation of
SculptureSculpture

25. DavidDavid
VerrocchioVerrocchio
1473 - 14751473 - 1475

26. The Baptism of ChristThe Baptism of Christ
Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475Verrocchio, 1472 - 1475
LeonardoLeonardo
da Vincida Vinci

28.  Vitruvian ManVitruvian Man
 Leonardo daLeonardo da
VinciVinci
 14921492
TheThe
L’uomoL’uomo
universaleuniversale

29. The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”
 Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
 Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
 Able to link information from different
areas/disciplines and create new
knowledge.
 The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded
man” was at the heart of Renaissance
education.

30. 1.1. Self-PortraitSelf-Portrait -- da-- da
Vinci, 1512Vinci, 1512
1452 - 15191452 - 1519
 Artist
 Sculptor
 Architect
 Scientist
 Engineer
 Inventor

31. Leonardo, theLeonardo, the
ArtistArtist
 The Virgin ofThe Virgin of
the Rocksthe Rocks
 Leonardo daLeonardo da
VinciVinci
 1483-14861483-1486

32. Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:
From hisFrom hisNotebooks of overNotebooks of over 5000 pages5000 pages
(1508-1519)(1508-1519)

33. Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci,– da Vinci,
1503-41503-4

34. A Macaroni MonaA Macaroni Mona

35. A Picasso MonaA Picasso Mona

36. An Andy Warhol MonaAn Andy Warhol Mona

37. A “Mona”ca LewinskyA “Mona”ca Lewinsky

38. Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR dada
Vinci??Vinci??

39. The Last SupperThe Last Supper - da Vinci,- da Vinci,
14981498
& Geometry& Geometry

40. RefractoryRefractory
Convent ofConvent of
SantaSanta
Maria delleMaria delle
GrazieGrazie
MilanMilan

41. horizontal
vertical
Perspective!Perspective!
The Last SupperThe Last Supper - da Vinci,- da Vinci,
14981498

42.  Detail ofDetail of
JesusJesus
 The LastThe Last
SupperSupper
 Leonardo daLeonardo da
VinciVinci
 14981498
DeterioratiDeteriorati
onon

43. A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:
St. JohnSt. John oror Mary Magdalene?Mary Magdalene?

44. Leonardo, the SculptorLeonardo, the Sculptor
 AnAn
EquestrianEquestrian
StatueStatue
 1516-15181516-1518

45. Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from hisPages from his NotebookNotebook
 Study of aStudy of a
central church.central church.
 14881488

46. Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from hisPages from his NotebookNotebook
 Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

47. Leonardo, the ScientistLeonardo, the Scientist
(Biology):(Biology):
Pages from hisPages from his NotebookNotebook
 An example ofAn example of
the humanistthe humanist
desire to unlockdesire to unlock
the secrets ofthe secrets of
nature.nature.

48. Leonardo, the ScientistLeonardo, the Scientist
(Anatomy):(Anatomy):
Pages from hisPages from his NotebookNotebook

49. Leonardo, the Inventor:Leonardo, the Inventor:
PagesPages
from hisfrom his NotebookNotebook

50. Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?

51. A study of siege defenses.A study of siege defenses.
Studies of water-liftingStudies of water-lifting
devices.devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer:Leonardo, the Engineer:
Pages from hisPages from his NotebookNotebook

52. Leonardo da Vinci….Leonardo da Vinci….
O investigator, do not flatterO investigator, do not flatter
yourself that you know theyourself that you know the
things nature performs forthings nature performs for
herself, but rejoice in knowingherself, but rejoice in knowing
that purpose of those thingsthat purpose of those things
designed by your own mind.designed by your own mind.

54. Comparing DomesComparing Domes

55. 2.2. Michelangelo BuonorratiMichelangelo Buonorrati
 1475 – 15641475 – 1564
 He representedHe represented
the body inthe body in
threethree
dimensions ofdimensions of
sculpture.sculpture.

56.  DavidDavid
 MichelangeloMichelangelo
BuonarottiBuonarotti
 15041504
 MarbleMarble

57. 15c15c
16c16c
WhatWhat
aa
differencedifference
aa
centurycentury
makes!makes!

58.  The PietaThe Pieta
 MichelangeloMichelangelo
BuonarrotiBuonarroti
 14991499
 marblemarble
The Popes as Patrons of theThe Popes as Patrons of the
ArtsArts

59. The SistineThe Sistine
ChapelChapel
MichelangeloMichelangelo
BuonarrotiBuonarroti
1508 - 15121508 - 1512

60. The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingThe Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 15121508 - 1512

61. The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
TheThe
CreationCreation
of theof the
HeavensHeavens

62. The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
Creation of ManCreation of Man

63. A Modern “Adaptation”A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

64. The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
The FallThe Fall
fromfrom
GraceGrace

65. The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

66. 3.3. Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)
Self-PortraitSelf-Portrait, 1506, 1506
Portrait of the Artist withPortrait of the Artist with
a Frienda Friend, 1518, 1518

67. Baldassare CastiglioneBaldassare Castiglione byby
Raphael,Raphael,
1514-15151514-1515
 CastiglioneCastiglione
represented therepresented the
humanisthumanist
“gentleman” as“gentleman” as
a man ofa man of
refinement andrefinement and
self-control.self-control.

68. Perspective!Perspective!
BetrothalBetrothal
of theof the
VirginVirgin
RaphaelRaphael
15041504

69. Raphael’sRaphael’s Canagiani Madonna,Canagiani Madonna,
15071507

70. Raphael’sRaphael’s MadonnasMadonnas (1)(1)
Sistine MadonnaSistine Madonna Cowpepper MadonnaCowpepper Madonna

71. Madonna della SediaMadonna della Sedia Alba MadonnaAlba Madonna
Raphael’sRaphael’s MadonnasMadonnas (2)(2)

72. The School of AthensThe School of Athens – Raphael,– Raphael,
1510 -111510 -11 One point perspective.
 All of the important Greek philosophers
and thinkers are included  all of the
great personalities of the Seven Liberal
Arts!
 A great variety of poses.
 Located in the papal apartments library.
 Raphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing
the Sistine Chapel.
 No Christian themes here.

73. The School of AthensThe School of Athens – Raphael,– Raphael,
1510 -111510 -11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo

74. AristotleAristotle::
looks to thislooks to this
earth [theearth [the
here andhere and
now].now].
PlatoPlato::
looks to thelooks to the
heavens [orheavens [or
the IDEALthe IDEAL
realm].realm].
The School of AthensThe School of Athens – Raphael,– Raphael,
detailsdetails

75. Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras

76. ZoroasterZoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

77. The Liberation of St. PeterThe Liberation of St. Peter byby
Raphael, 1514Raphael, 1514

78. Portrait of Pope Julius IIPortrait of Pope Julius II
by Raphael, 1511-1512by Raphael, 1511-1512
 More concerned withMore concerned with
politics than withpolitics than with
theology.theology.
 The “Warrior Pope.”The “Warrior Pope.”
 Great patron ofGreat patron of
Renaissance artists,Renaissance artists,
especially Raphael &especially Raphael &
Michelangelo.Michelangelo.
 Died in 1513Died in 1513

79. Pope Leo X with Cardinal GiulioPope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio
deMedici and Luigi De RossideMedici and Luigi De Rossi byby
Raphael, 1518-1519Raphael, 1518-1519
 A Medici Pope.A Medici Pope.
 He went through theHe went through the
Vatican treasury in aVatican treasury in a
year!year!
 His extravagancesHis extravagances
offended even someoffended even some
cardinals [cardinals [as well asas well as
Martin LutherMartin Luther!].!].
 Started sellingStarted selling
indulgencesindulgences..

80. Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – Botticelli,– Botticelli,
14851485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

81. Botticelli’s Venus Motif.Botticelli’s Venus Motif.
10¢ Italian Euro coin.10¢ Italian Euro coin.
2002 Euro Coin2002 Euro Coin

82. PrimaveraPrimavera – Botticelli,– Botticelli,
14821482
Depicted classical gods as almostDepicted classical gods as almost
naked and life-size.naked and life-size.

83. A Portrait of SavonarolaA Portrait of Savonarola
 By Fra Bartolomeo, 1498.By Fra Bartolomeo, 1498.
 Dominican friar who decriedDominican friar who decried
money and power.money and power.
 Anti-humanistAnti-humanist  he sawhe saw
humanism as too secular,humanism as too secular,
hedonistic, and corrupting.hedonistic, and corrupting.
 TheThe “Bonfire of the“Bonfire of the
Vanities,”Vanities,” 1497.1497.
/ Burned books, artwork,Burned books, artwork,
jewelry, and other luxuryjewelry, and other luxury
goods in public.goods in public.
/ Even Botticelli put some ofEven Botticelli put some of
his paintings on the fire!!his paintings on the fire!!

84. The Execution ofThe Execution of
Savonarola, 1452Savonarola, 1452

86. The Doge, Leonardo LoredonThe Doge, Leonardo Loredon
Berlini, 1501Berlini, 1501

87. Venus of UrbinoVenus of Urbino – Titian, 1558– Titian, 1558

88. The Penitent Mary MagdaleneThe Penitent Mary Magdalene
by Titian, 1533by Titian, 1533
 By the mid-16c,By the mid-16c,
High RenaissanceHigh Renaissance
art was declining.art was declining.
 MannerismMannerism
became morebecame more
popular.popular.
 This painting is aThis painting is a
good example ofgood example of
this new artisticthis new artistic
style.style.