14. Assessment Statements
These are the assessment statements that
deal with this topic:
4.1.2 Define gene, allele, and genome
4.1.3 Define gene mutation
State that meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus
4.2.1 to form haploid nuclei
Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of
4.2.3 homologous chromosomes and crossing over, followed by t wo
divisions, which results in four haploid cells
Define genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele,
4.3.1 codominant alleles, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier
and test cross
16. Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic
variation, here are some basic terms that you
need to know for this topic.
17. Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic
variation, here are some basic terms that you
need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2
18. Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic
variation, here are some basic terms that you
need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2
Gene, Allele, Genome
19. Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic
variation, here are some basic terms that you
need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2
Gene, Allele, Genome
From assessment statement 4.3.1
20. Basic Vocabulary
Before diving into the details of genetic
variation, here are some basic terms that you
need to know for this topic.
From assessment statement 4.1.2
Gene, Allele, Genome
From assessment statement 4.3.1
Genotype, phenotype
22. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
23. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
24. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
25. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
Allele - one specific form of a gene, differing
from other alleles by one or a few bases only
and occupying the same gene locus as other
alleles of the gene
26. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
Allele - one specific form of a gene, differing
from other alleles by one or a few bases only
and occupying the same gene locus as other
alleles of the gene
27. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
Allele - one specific form of a gene, differing
from other alleles by one or a few bases only
and occupying the same gene locus as other
alleles of the gene
28. 4.1.2 Vocab
Gene - a heritable factor that controls a
specific characteristic
Allele - one specific form of a gene, differing
from other alleles by one or a few bases only
and occupying the same gene locus as other
alleles of the gene
Genome - the whole genetic information of
an organism
34. Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
Not always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
35. Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
Not always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
Can be accumulated over many generations
36. Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
Not always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
Can be accumulated over many generations
Gene mutation (4.1.3)
37. Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
Not always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
Can be accumulated over many generations
Gene mutation (4.1.3)
Change in the base sequence of an allele
38. Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
Not always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
Can be accumulated over many generations
Gene mutation (4.1.3)
Change in the base sequence of an allele
Chromosome mutation
39. Mutation
Mutations are the source of all new genetic information
Not always harmful, some are neutral or beneficial
Can be accumulated over many generations
Gene mutation (4.1.3)
Change in the base sequence of an allele
Chromosome mutation
Pieces of chromosomes may be rearranged during
meiosis
44. Sexual Reproduction
Provides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic
material into new combinations
Crossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a
chromosome’s homologue
45. Sexual Reproduction
Provides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic
material into new combinations
Crossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a
chromosome’s homologue
Increases shuffling of allele combinations
46. Sexual Reproduction
Provides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic
material into new combinations
Crossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a
chromosome’s homologue
Increases shuffling of allele combinations
Mate Selection
47. Sexual Reproduction
Provides rearrangement and shuffling of the genetic
material into new combinations
Crossing over - Recombination
Pieces of chromosome are often exchanged with a
chromosome’s homologue
Increases shuffling of allele combinations
Mate Selection
Different combinations of genes will come together
in the offspring depending on which t wo parents
mate together
49. Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form
haploid nuclei (4.2.1)
50. Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form
haploid nuclei (4.2.1)
For this topic, the important part is: crossing over
51. Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form
haploid nuclei (4.2.1)
For this topic, the important part is: crossing over
At Prophase I, the homologous chromosomes pair up
(synapsis), and segments of the chromosome can be
exchanged
52. Meiosis
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form
haploid nuclei (4.2.1)
For this topic, the important part is: crossing over
At Prophase I, the homologous chromosomes pair up
(synapsis), and segments of the chromosome can be
exchanged
Important source of variation for the gene pool of a
population
53. Watch this video!
GREAT video lesson about genetic variation:
http://www.khanacademy.org/video/
variation-in-a-species?playlist=Biology
55. More exercises
For more exercises on this topic, look at these
pages from the Biozone workbook.
Mutations: p. 197 - 8
Meiosis: p. 185 - 8
Genetic Variation: p. 181 - 2
