Europe 1919-1933, Weimar Republic

1. In Between The Wars

2. Bell Ringer What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? 1 minute Discuss with your partner

3. Treaty of Versailles Germany: Lost territory Took all blame Demilitarized Paid reparations

4. The Weimar Republic Germany Post WWI

5. Germany At the end of WWI, Germany was plagued by various riots, strikes, and rebellions Numerous groups were vying for power Communists Social Democrats Nazis (Hitler’s political debut) When Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated, Germany was declared a republic

6. New German Republic First order of business: to sign peace treaty Many Germans (including Hitler) saw this as an act of treason Still, elections took place and the Reichstag (German parliament) was able to create a new constitution that was very democratic in nature

7. Weimar Republic This new, democratic government was called the Weimar Republic It would stay in power for 14 years

8. Financial Hardship Germany was unable to pay the reparations By 1922, they defaulted on their payments Result = France & Belgium occupied the Ruhr region (industrial heartland) with intent to use the products as reparation

9. Economic Disaster Occupation led to economic disaster: Production decreased Unemployment increased Prices rose dramatically --> more money printed --> hyperinflation

10. Hyperinflation Source: www.historyhome.co.uk

11. (More) Hard Times for the Germans Germans lost life savings Workers paid with worthless money Literally cost millions for groceries - hunger riots

12. Check for Understanding Discuss with your partner the Weimar Republic’s status: 1. Politically 2. Economically 1 minute

13. On the Brink of Chaos Economic hardships led to further political discord Things got worse when the WR resumed reparation payments Germans now furious with government and wanted something done…

14. Hitler’s Plan Hitler & Nazis plotted to: Kidnap Bavarian leaders force them (at gunpoint) to accept Hitler as their new leader Win over the Army Declare national revolt Overthrow democratic government

15. From Beer Hall Putsch… Munich, Germany November 8-9, 1923 - 8:30 pm Hitler & posse stormed beer hall = leaders freaked out “The National revolution has begun!”

16. To Beer Hall Putz… Comedy of errors… Result - Hitler arrested - charged with treason 5-week trial - guilty verdict Sent to Landsberg Prison (where he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf)

17. Did Hitler Really Lose? Ultimately, no (it helped him!) Trial made him a national figure Platform to make his views known to those outside the Nazi party His defense gave him the opportunity to attack those he hated (Jews, communists, etc.)

18. Hitler in a Lederhosen!

19. Check for Understanding What was the “Beer Hall Putsch?” How did it ultimately work in Hitler’s favor? 30 seconds

20. Back on Track New chancellor/foreign minister (Stresemann - 1923-1929) Introduced new currency that ended hyperinflation Negotiated reduction in reparations This upswing gave way to great cultural advances (Brecht, Weill, Dietrich, Einstein, etc.)

21. Meanwhile… In the US

22. The Roaring 20s Prosperity Optimism Liberal attitudes VS. Flappers Speakeasies Gangsters Jazz Conservative attitudes Prohibition 18th Amendment Red Scare

23. Flappers

24. The Bee’s Knees!

25. Speakeasies

26. Check for Understanding Based on what you just learned, why do you think the US refers to this decade as “roaring”? Discuss with partner 1 minute

27. BUT… By 1929, things began to take a terrible turn…

28. Economic Depression a period during which business, employment, and stock-market values decline severely or remain at a very low level of activity

29. STOCK A piece of a company - the owners of a company sell “shares” of the company

30. Dividend An annual payment to a stockholder, like interest

31. SPECULATE To buy land/stock when the price is low and sell it when the price is high

32. On Margin Investors pay for only part of the purchase price in cash - the rest is owed to a broker

33. Margin Call When the broker asks for repayment of the stock loan

34. Check for Understanding Using the new vocabulary, predict to your partner how the stock market crashed in 1929. 1 minute

36. Black Tuesday Tuesday, October 29, 1929 Great stock market crash

37. The Great Depression (1929-1941)

38. Underlying Causes of the Great Depression Stock market crash did not cause the GD Main Causes: Unstable Economy Over-speculation Government Policies

39. Unemployment Lines

40. The Ripple Effect At first, crash only affected those heavily invested in stock market It did not take long for a ripple effect to occur

41. Impact on World International banking, manufacturing and trade made the world dependent upon the US US demanded France & Britain pay wartime debts while keeping taxes on imports high Created a situation in which the Allies had to rely on Germany’s reparations

42. Collapse of Weimar Republic Great Depression Financially crippled Germany Weak Government President von Hindenberg Elderly Too weak to fight Hitler Tries to outsmart Hitler…backfires

43. Closure List the circumstances that led to the collapse of the Weimar Republic 1 minute