1. The Pacific Theater

2. Bell Ringer Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor? Discuss with partner 30 seconds

3. After Pearl Harbor Japan attacked: Dec 7: Philippines (Clark Island Base) Dec 8: Wake Island Dec 10: Guam DEC 7 DEC 8 DEC 10 DEC 7

4. In the Beginning… For the first 6 months of 1942 Japan ruled: Japanese ships ruled the water Japanese army ruled the land Japanese air force ruled the skies

5. General Douglas MacArthur Led American forces in the Philippines March 1942 - ordered to go to Australia “I shall return…” By April 1942 - Japan overran Phil & Am surrendered

6. Bataan Death March Why surrender? Low on supplies & ammo Counted on humane treatment as per the Geneva Accord

7. Bataan Death March (cont.) Japan broke the Geneva Accord Japanese force-marched 76,000 Am & Phil POWs over the Bataan Peninsula (Phil) 60-mile march POWs were abused, tortured, executed

8. The Bataan Death Marchstory & photos from: www.history.sandiego.edu

9. The Bataan Death March began at Mariveles on April 10, 1942. Any troops who fell behind were executed.

11. Japanese troops beat soldiers randomly, and denied the POWs food and water for many days.

12. On the rare occasion they were given any food, it was only a handful of contaminated rice. When the prisoners were allowed to sleep for a few hours at night, they were packed into enclosures so tight that they could barely move. Those who lived collapsed on the dead bodies of their comrades.

13. One of their tortures was known as the sun treatment. The Philippines in April is very hot. Therefore, the POWs were forced to sit in the sun without any shade, helmets, or water. Anyone who dared ask for water was executed.

14. For only a brief part of the march would POWs be packed into railroad cars and allowed to ride. Those who did not die in the suffocating boxcars were forced to march about seven more miles until they reached their camp.

15. It took the POWs over a week to reach their destination.

16. In The End… No one knows for certain the exact number dead Estimates range from 7,000 to 28,000 Am & Phil killed as a result of the Bataan Death March and the subsequent POW camps endured by our soldiers Memorial in Philippines

17. The Battle of the Coral Sea May 7-8, 1942 Japan at heighth of its power First naval battle in history where no ship fired on the other How is this possible?

18. Coral Sea (cont.) Japan & America used airplanes (launched from aircraft carriers)

19. Outcomes of Coral Sea America Lost: Carriers - the Lexington (sunk) & Yorktowne (damaged) 1/2 its planes Japan Lost: 1 carrier sunk, 1 damaged 1/2 its planes Ultimately it was a draw; however, it prevented Japan from going into Australia Way of fighting became central to the war in the Pacific

20. The Battle of Midway June 4-7, 1942 Japan made its move on Midway (1st), then the US Mainland Unbeknownst to the Japanese, a US naval cryptologist (Com. Joseph Rochefort) had cracked the JN-25 secret code The US now knew where & when the Japanese were going to go

21. Midway (cont.) As a result, US sent everything we had and we out-shipped/planned/manned/gunned Japan US ambushed Japan when most vulnerable - refueling

22. Outcomes of Midway Japan lost: 4 aircraft carriers US lost: 1 aircraft carrier US maintained control of Midway Midway was the turning point in the Pacific Theater for the US Japan never able to go on the offensive again

23. FYI… Japan was never able to crack the US secret code US = “Code Talkers” 420 Navajo Used their language Efficient Only code in modern military history that has not been broken See movie, Code Talkers

24. Island Hopping US began to use strategy of island hopping Island hopping is a military strategy of selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands & bypassing others Strategy: helped US cut off the bypassed islands’ supplies & reinforcements, thus rendering those islands useless to Japan

25. Battle of Guadalcanal Guadalcanal is in the Solomon Islands archipelago Australia is over here

26. Guadalcanal (cont.) Aug 7, 1942 - Feb 9, 1943 First major offensive of Allied forces

27. Guadalcanal (cont.) US Marines encountered jungle warfare Crossed rivers, swamps Hacked through vines/underbrush Made easy targets for Japanese snipers hiding in trees & underbrush

28. Outcomes of Guadalcanal US Gained: Control of the waterways near the islands Their 1st piece of Japanese territory

29. Battle for Iwo Jima Feb 19-March 26, 1945 1st attack on Japanese soil American planes & warships used: 7,000 T of bombs 20,000 shells After 3 days of battle, Am Marines had advanced only 700 yds. inland

30. Iwo Jima (cont.) Critical for Am. to take Mt. Surabachi - highest point on Iwo Jima Gave the world one of the most famous war photos ever…

31. This photo by Joe Rosenthal came to symbolize the struggles & sacrifices of American soldiers during WWII

32. Outcomes of Iwo Jima Apx 25,000 Japanesedefended Iwo Jima; in the end only 216 left to surrender Am. won the battle, but lost nearly 7,000 men This was the first time in history that any foreign flag had ever flown over Japanese soil

33. Okinawa April - June 1945 Okinawa - last obstacle to an allied invasion of mainland Japan

34. Outcomes of Okinawa Japan Lost: Over 1/3 of civilian population on Okinawa (apx. 150,000) Over 100,000 soldiers America - costliest engagement in Pacific: Over 50,000 casualties (12,000 KIA or MIA)

35. Japanese Honor in War kamikaze & banzai suicide over surrender Saipan Iwo Jima

36. Kamikaze Suicide planes Loaded w/ bombs & deliberately crashed into enemy ships to inflict maximum damage Became very popular during the Battle of Leyte Gulf

37. Banzai! An attack in which the soldier tries to kill as many of the enemy as possible until they themselves are killed

38. Closure Name one WW II battle in the Pacific, state its significance, and what the outcome was. Discuss with your partner - each choosing a different battle: 1 minute