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Landfill Lifecyle Planning:
A Necessity for Efficient Operation and Capital Expenditure
Jeffrey J. Breedlove, P.E.
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
CHATTANO
  OGA
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Overview

•   Permit Designs of the early 1990’s often leave
    much to be desired operationally
•   15 years of landfill operation have taught us
    much
•   Many landfills can benefit from a Life of Site
    Staging Plan review
Why Plan?
Why Plan?
“
Insanity is continuing to do the




                            ”
same thing over and over, and
expecting different results.
  ~ Einstein (attributed)
Initial Impetus

GET THE PERMIT
Initial Impetus

GET THE PERMIT
 Many failures
 Public opposition
 Political road blocks
 Success?
Permit Conditions

GOT THE PERMIT
 Emphasis on regulatory issues
   Environmental protection was paramount
 
  Rote presentation of cell sequencing

 Designers Inexperienced in Landfill Operations
   Operations not adequately addressed
 
  Economic efficiency often ignored
The Hand
    We’ve Been Dealt

• Permit Drawings
• Staging Plans
• Ops Plan
15 Years of Experience
15 Years of Experience

The school of hard
knocks gives
advanced degrees in
landfill design and
operation!
Cell Sequencing
Experience Lessons
Sequencing Experience Lessons




         Defer capital
         expenditures
Sequencing Experience Lessons



     Increase waste
     density with no
     additional effort
Sequencing Experience Lessons




  Manage storm water
Sequencing Experience Lessons




   Don’t double handle
Sequencing Experience Lessons




   Maintain access to
  critical components
Sequencing Experience Lessons




    Minimize costs for
     road networks
Leachate Management
Leachate Management




              Sumps
Leachate Management




     Leachate Holding
          Tanks
Leachate Management




     Capping/Closure
Leachate Management




          Active Face
Leachate Management




         Storm Water
“                  ”
Where is all this
leachate coming from?
Leachate Management




          Daily Cover
Planning Issues
Planning Issues
When?
Planning Issues
When?
How much?
Planning Issues
When?
How much?
Bundle?
Planning Issues
When?
How much?
Bundle?
Upcoming permit issues?
Life of Site Staging

What dierence
does the order make?
Life of Site Staging

What dierence
does the order make?




         “” Good order is the foundation
            of all great things.
              ~ Edmund Burke
Staging Example
Staging Example
Staging Example
        400’
 800’
Staging Example
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres
              400’
      800’
Staging Example
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres
              400’
      800’
Staging Example
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres   Landfill: 103 acres
              400’
      800’
Staging Example
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres   Landfill: 103 acres
              400’
      800’




                                 170
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres   Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2            3       4    5   6   7
      800’




                                  100
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’




               8
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’




               8           9
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’




               8           9         10
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5   6   7
      800’




               8           9         10        11
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5    6   7
      800’




               8           9         10        11    12
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5    6    7
      800’




               8           9         10        11    12   13
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5    6    7
      800’




               8           9         10        11    12   13   14
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5    6    7
      800’




               8           9         10        11    12   13   14
Staging Example – Option 1
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          3         4    5    6    7
      800’




                                     170

               8           9         10        11    12   13   14
Staging Example – Option 1
                Monthly Intake: 20,000 cy
                Assumed Density: 0.75 t/cy
                                 ~ 600 tpd
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres   Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1
      800’
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2
      800’
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2
      800’




               3
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2
      800’




               3           4
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5
      800’




               3           4
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5
      800’




               3           4         6
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7
      800’




               3           4         6
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7
      800’




               3           4         6         8
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9
      800’




               3           4         6         8
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9    11
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9    11
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10   12
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9    11   13
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10   12
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9    11   13
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10   12   14
Staging Example
Staging Example
Staging Example
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9    11   13
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10   12   14
Staging Example – Option 2
Landfill Cell: 7.3 acres       Landfill: 103 acres
              400’




               1           2          5         7    9    11   13
      800’




               3           4         6         8     10   12   14
Landfill Lifecycle Planning
Staging Example
                                                        Cell # vs. Volume
                     2,000
                                 Option 1
                                 Option 2



                     1,500
Volume (cy x1,000)




                     1,000




                      500




                        0
                             1     2        3   4   5   6    7          8   9   10   11   12   13   14
                                                                 Cell
Staging Example
                                                    Construction Expense vs. Time
                                $18,000

                                $16,000
                                              Option 1
Construction Costs ($ x1,000)




                                              Option 2
                                $14,000

                                $12,000

                                $10,000

                                 $8,000

                                 $6,000

                                 $4,000

                                 $2,000

                                    $0
                                          0       10            20           30     40   50
                                                                      Year
Staging Example
                                                    Construction Expense vs. Time
                                $18,000

                                $16,000
                                              Option 1
Construction Costs ($ x1,000)




                                              Option 2
                                $14,000

                                $12,000

                                $10,000

                                 $8,000

                                 $6,000

                                 $4,000

                                 $2,000

                                    $0
                                          0       10            20           30     40   50
                                                                      Year
Staging Example

     (1)                                                                       (2)




           (1) Assumes average $150,000 per acre construction (PV)
           (2) Utilized 5% Net Interest Rate (interest rate minus inflation)
Staging Example

     (1)                                                                       (2)




           (1) Assumes average $150,000 per acre construction (PV)
           (2) Utilized 5% Net Interest Rate (interest rate minus inflation)
Staging Example

     (1)                                                                       (2)




           (1) Assumes average $150,000 per acre construction (PV)
           (2) Utilized 5% Net Interest Rate (interest rate minus inflation)
Staging Example

     (1)                                                                       (2)




           (1) Assumes average $150,000 per acre construction (PV)
           (2) Utilized 5% Net Interest Rate (interest rate minus inflation)
Staging Example
                                                             Option 2 Cost of Money Savings

                                   $300.00
Interest Cost Savings ($ x1,000)




                                   $206.25




                                   $112.50




                                    $18.75




                                   $-75.00

                                             1   2   3   4   5     6    7          8   9   10 11 12 13 14
                                                                            Cell
Landfill Staging

Knowledge → Planning
 Planning → Success
     Success = $
Knowledge is Power; Time is Money

Knowledge = Power- eqn. 1
Time = Money - eqn. 2

High school physics has taught us that
Power = Work/Time.

From eqn. 2, Time = Money, so
Power = Work/Money

From eqn. 1, Knowledge = Power, so
Knowledge = Work/Money

Rearranging:
Money = Work/Knowledge

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Landfill Lifecycle Planning

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Good afternoon. Well, let me start off by telling you a little more about me.
  2. This is me.
  3. I’m from here.
  4. More specifically here.
  5. I live here, with my wife of 12 years and 3 kids in a modest house on a hill.
  6. In a town we really love.
  7. I was educated here. And here.
  8. I work here.
  9. Well, really I work here.
  10. Where I design these ... landfills that is.
  11. - click - Planning CAN and WILL save you money
  12. Many attempts failed
  13. Likely because of public opposition or political road blocks
  14. Your site was a success?
  15. Environmental protection is still paramount
  16. Little thought to sequencing
  17. Operations?
  18. Designers often “County Engineer”
  19. We have to live now, with the permits and plans that were often developed without significant or adequate experience based knowledge.
  20. Know what’s needed?
  21. Know what you have?
  22. Know how long it will last?
  23. Construct what’s needed.
  24. Height = density
  25. Maximize height = maximize density
  26. Don’t trap storm water - block or dig a hole (or know how to manage)
  27. Gravity flow where possible
  28. Anticipate construction materials needs/excesses.
  29. Total site soil balance is not staged soil balance
  30. Access to cell
  31. Extra haul distance? Temporary roads?
  32. Construction traffic on permanent roads?
  33. Solidification basins
  34. Leachate pump stations
  35. Cell Access roads
  36. Perimeter roads
  37. Haul roads
  38. Close phases as possible - larger unclosed area = higher financial assurance
  39. Sump Construction
  40. Phased capping
  41. Active face control
  42. Storm water management
  43. Daily cover management
  44. Construct sumps large enough for expected flow
  45. Depth matters for pump systems
  46. Temporary sumps are problematic
  47. Size tanks according to staged leachate flows
  48. Close areas as soon as possible to minimize infiltration
  49. Place adequate intermediate cover
  50. Small active face minimizes storm water infiltration
  51. Direct water away - berm
  52. Segregate storm water in newly constructed cell
  53. Divert storm water away from open cells
  54. Don’t puddle water on the cell
  55. Utilize alternate daily covers
  56. Strip soils (causes breakouts, gas flow problems)
  57. When to build
  58. How much area (volume) to build
  59. Bundle construction packages
  60. Upcoming solid waste permit issues
  61. OPTION 1
  62. Each successive cell seems to achieve maximum volume on long edge
  63. Geometry limits height
  64. I have seen phasing very similar to this
  65. 1 yr first cell
  66. 6.5 yrs cell 3
  67. 15 yrs cell 6
  68. 55 total years life
  69. OPTION 2
  70. Some cell sequencing not the most efficient NEXT cell
  71. But, we’re optimizing height
  72. Yr 6 - Option 2 provides 18 yrs life vs. 15 yrs Option 1
  73. Throughout Cells 6 through 12, Option 2 provides more life per cell
  74. Note that both options yield the same life
  75. This sequence maximizes volume by maximizing height
  76. The Egyptian Triangle - vertical cross section of the pyramids
  77. Pyramids utilize the Golden Ratio - that is the sides are of the ratio 1:sqrt(psi) where psi is teh golden mean or 1.61803
  78. Slightly more volume in Cell 4, makes up for loss in Cell 3
  79. Significant volume gain in Cells 6 and 8
  80. We can see for a given cell, beyond cell 5, Option 2 is constructed at a later date, thus saving expense costs
  81. Be knowledgeable, plan, make informed decisions