2. Feeling Overwhelmed?
Decoding Difficulties?
Can’t follow lectures?
Want to review material
anywhere?
Got an iPod?
Have access to the
internet?
Try Podcasting
3. PodcastingPodcasting
in thein the
Educational SettingEducational Setting
Personalized, on-
demand multi-media
content
Encourages and
supports independent
learning
Directly linked to
lecture activities
(Laing, Wootton & Irons, 2006)
4. Background InformationBackground Information
The “Podfather”
2003
Two Entrepreneurs
Dave Winer
and
Adam Curry
credited with the
creation of
PODCASTING
http://images.businessweek.com/ss/05/12/bestlead
ers/image/curry.jpg
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/buckn018/communication
/winer%201.jpg
5. The NeedThe Need
Disengaged learners
Outdated texts
Limitations of face-to-
face learning
Confinement related to
the conventional
learning environment
Created a need to
provide the digital native
a format for time-shift
content that is current
and supportive of course
curriculum
6. Research: The iPodResearch: The iPod
On October 23, 2001
Project Codename Dulcimer
Apple Computers publicly announced their
portable music digital player the iPod.
The iPod was announced several months
after the release of iTunes, a program that
converted audio CDs into compressed digital
audio files, and could organize your digital
music collection..
7. Tony FadellTony Fadell
The father of the iPod
Former employee of General Magic and Phillips
Wanted to invent a better MP3 player.
Apple supported his project
Went to work for Apple Computers in 2001 as an
independent contractor
Lead a team of thirty people to develop the new
MP3 player..
8. TheThe
iPodiPod
The first generation iPods had scroll wheels
that physically rotated.
Post 2003 iPods (third generation) have touch
sensitive wheels.
Fourth generation (2004) iPods have buttons
integrated onto the wheel.
http://greenisthenewinternet.com/images/1st_gen_ipod.jpg
9. PodcastingPodcasting
September 2000- The first system that enabled the
selection, automatic downloading and storage of
serial episodic audio content on PCs and portable
devices was launched
October 2000 - The concept of using enclosures in
RSS Feeds was proposed
The idea was implemented by Dave Winer, a
software developer and an author of the RSS format
Winer had received customer requests for
audioblogging and discussed idea with Adam Curry
10. PodcastingPodcasting
January 2001 - RSS enclosure feature demonstrated
by enclosing a song in the Scripting News weblog
June 2003 - Stephen Downes demonstrated
aggregation and syndication of audio files in his Ed
Radio application
February 2004- The term "podcasting" was one of
several terms for portable listening to audioblogs
11. PodcastingPodcasting
November 2004 - Podcasting networks started
to appear on the scene with podcasters affiliating
with one another
June 2005-Apple staked its claim on the
medium by adding podcasting to its iTunes
12. Development ConcernsDevelopment Concerns
First two years saw relatively few users
Many developers avoided using it.
Legal concerns regarding the audio content (Matthews,
2006)
Winer's company incorporated the new feature in its
weblogging product, Radio Userland
All that was needed for "podcasting" was a way to
automatically move audio files from download folder to
an audio player (either software or hardware) -- along
with enough compelling audio to make such automation
worth the trouble
21. Innovation-Decision ProcessInnovation-Decision Process
ConfirmationConfirmation
Teachers and students share in creation of
podcast
Students create podcasts to review material
Podcasts provide alternate learning environment
for those unable to attend brick-n-mortar school
Students share globally
Teachers and students are developing 21st
century skills
26. As educators we need a repertoire of
teaching strategies that span the
repertoire of needs that our
students have.
(Dede, Laureate Education Inc., 2008)
27. Podcasting has been adopted byPodcasting has been adopted by
innovators and early adopters, but isinnovators and early adopters, but is
just beginning to be used by the earlyjust beginning to be used by the early
mainstream audienceaudience
….James Lewin, 2009
28. Who are the Innovators?Who are the Innovators?
Adam CurryAdam Curry
Tristan LouisTristan Louis
Dave WinerDave Winer
Collaborated in 2001Collaborated in 2001
Used RSS technology and their mediaUsed RSS technology and their media
content to provide the first podcastcontent to provide the first podcast
prototypeprototype
29. Who were the Early Adopters?Who were the Early Adopters?
Web bloggers desiring a way to stream audible
blogs
Professionals
People in the field of technology
News media personnel
College Professors
Students
30. Why Adopt?Why Adopt?
Relative AdvantageRelative Advantage
According to Rogers, the idea of relative advantage
is the degree to which an innovation is perceived
as better than the idea it supersedes.
Expressed as:
Economic Profitability
Social Prestige
(Rogers, 2003, p.229).
31. Who Podcasts?Who Podcasts?
49% female, 51% male.% female, 51% male.
All ages. More listeners 55+ than in the 18-24 ageAll ages. More listeners 55+ than in the 18-24 age
group.group.
Well-educated. Twice as many podcast users haveWell-educated. Twice as many podcast users have
advanced degrees as others.advanced degrees as others.
Well-to-do. Podcast users are twice as likely to haveWell-to-do. Podcast users are twice as likely to have
incomes over 100K and nearly twice as likely to haveincomes over 100K and nearly twice as likely to have
incomes between 75K and 100K.incomes between 75K and 100K.
Wired – spending more than 50% more time online.Wired – spending more than 50% more time online.
More than twice as likely to own an iPod or otherMore than twice as likely to own an iPod or other
portable media player.portable media player.
More than twice as likely to own video gamingMore than twice as likely to own video gaming
systems.systems.
32. Who are the Laggards?Who are the Laggards?
People not “connected”People not “connected”
People fearful of downloading materialPeople fearful of downloading material
K-12 School Administrators concerned with liabilityK-12 School Administrators concerned with liability
issuesissues
Parents concerned about safety and content ofParents concerned about safety and content of
material downloadedmaterial downloaded
Instructors not comfortable with integratingInstructors not comfortable with integrating
technologytechnology
33.
34. Moving the Laggards into theMoving the Laggards into the
Podcasting EraPodcasting Era
Compatibility…The perception of podcasting
needs to be consistent with the existing values,
past experiences, and needs of potential
adopters
Trialability…Allow potential adopters the
opportunity to experiment with podcasting to
better determine that it can be a valuable
educational tool..
(Rogers, 2003)(Rogers, 2003)
35. Adoption of InnovationAdoption of Innovation
Decentralized Diffusion Approach
The integration of iPods and Podcasting will diffuse
into the middle school environment via a peer
network in a relatively spontaneous fashion.
Innovations diffused in this
manner are more likely to
fit the users’ needs and
problems, allowing the
users a sense of control and
able to make key decisions.
(Rogers, 2003, p.398)
36. Key Change AgentsKey Change Agents
Technology Instructors
Media Center Specialist
Innovative Instructors
currently utilizing
technology in
the classroom
37. Effecting Positive Social ChangeEffecting Positive Social Change
1.1. Develop a need for change-Develop a need for change- the media specialist canthe media specialist can
initiate change by pointing out new alternatives thatinitiate change by pointing out new alternatives that
create a more learner centered classroom duringcreate a more learner centered classroom during
orientationorientation
2.2. Establish an Information ExchangeEstablish an Information Exchange
Relationship-Relationship- Once the need for change has beenOnce the need for change has been
created, the media specialist can begin to developcreated, the media specialist can begin to develop
rapport with key instructors within the buildingrapport with key instructors within the building
3.3. To Diagnose Problems-To Diagnose Problems- Key staff members canKey staff members can
help determine why existing alternatives do not meethelp determine why existing alternatives do not meet
their needstheir needs
38. 4.4. Create an Intent to Change in the Client-Create an Intent to Change in the Client- TheThe
key staff members develop an action plan tokey staff members develop an action plan to
motivate interests in using iPods and Podcastingmotivate interests in using iPods and Podcasting
5.5. Translate an Intent into Action-Translate an Intent into Action- Key membersKey members
build near-peer support groups to begin using iPodsbuild near-peer support groups to begin using iPods
and Podcasting, allowing time to teach interestedand Podcasting, allowing time to teach interested
facultyfaculty
6.6. Stabilize Adoption and Prevent DiscontinuanceStabilize Adoption and Prevent Discontinuance
Key members reinforce those members that haveKey members reinforce those members that have
begun using the new technologybegun using the new technology
7.7. Achieve a Terminal Relationship-Achieve a Terminal Relationship- Key members,Key members,
through training and support create self-sufficientthrough training and support create self-sufficient
usersusers
39. Critical Mass occurs at theCritical Mass occurs at the
point at which enoughpoint at which enough
individuals in a systemindividuals in a system
have adopted anhave adopted an
innovation so that theinnovation so that the
innovation’s further rateinnovation’s further rate
of adoption becomesof adoption becomes
self-sustainingself-sustaining
(Rogers, 2003, p.363)(Rogers, 2003, p.363)
http://rumorsweretrue.files.wordpress.com/2006/11/flashrave.jpghttp://rumorsweretrue.files.wordpress.com/2006/11/flashrave.jpg
40. While the iPod and PodcastingWhile the iPod and Podcasting
have attained critical mass inhave attained critical mass in
society they have not fully metsociety they have not fully met
their potential in the educationaltheir potential in the educational
environment.environment.
Target highly respected staff
members in the initial
implementation of the iPod and
Podcasting technology.
Make it interactive and keep the
members engaged
Make the iPod and Podcasting a
desirable commodity
http://www.pakalil.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2007/10/motivation-circle.png
41. Defining the NeedDefining the Need
Action and reaction,Action and reaction,
ebb and flow, trialebb and flow, trial
and error, change -and error, change -
this is the rhythmthis is the rhythm
of living. Out ofof living. Out of
our over-our over-
confidence, fear;confidence, fear;
out of our fear,out of our fear,
clearer vision, freshclearer vision, fresh
hope. And out ofhope. And out of
hope, progress.hope, progress.
Bruce Barton
42. Anywhere, Anytime Access to
Learning
Creates 21st
Century Learners
Eliminates outdated texts
Allows for collaboration
Meets ADA guidelines by providing
material in varying sources
Optimizes study time
43. Education is not the filling of a pail, but
the lighting of a fire.
William Butler Yeats
44. ReferencesReferences
Beam, A. (2006, May 26). bickering among the 'pod squad. The Boston Globe,
Retrieved from
http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2005/05/26/bickering_amon
.
Bellis, M. (2009). The History of apple computers. Retrieved from
http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/Apple_Computers.htm.
Bellis, M. (2009). History of mp3. Retrieved from
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/MPThree.htm..
Laing, C., Wootton, A., & Irons, A. (2006). Ipod! ulearn!. Current Developments in
Technology-Assisted Education, Retrieved from
http://www.formatex.org/micte2006/pdf/514-518.pdf
Matthews, K. (2006). Research into podcasting technology including current andMatthews, K. (2006). Research into podcasting technology including current and
possible future uses. http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/2007/papers/32.pdf.possible future uses. http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/2007/papers/32.pdf.
Image from Google
Image from Google Information from iPod! uLearn?
Info fro Bickering among the ‘pod squad Alex Beam adam curry pic http://images.businessweek.com/ss/05/12/bestleaders/image/curry.jpg
dave winer pic http://blog.lib.umn.edu/buckn018/communication/winer%201.jpg
About.com
Research into podcasting technology kerry matthews
October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players.[59] During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.
The release of the iPod Mini helped to ensure this success at a time when competing flash-based music players were once dominant.[citation needed] On 8 January 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.[60]
In January 2007, Apple reported record quarterly revenue of US$7.1 billion, of which 48% was made from iPod sales.[61]
On 9 April 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.[62] Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.[63]
On 5 September 2007, during their "The Beat Goes On" event, Apple announced that the iPod line had surpassed 110 million units sold.
On 22 October 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.[64]
On 22 January 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.[65]
On 21 October 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods.[66]. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods had exceeded 220 million.
Wikipedia retrieved 10/15/2009
The Diffusion Group. (2007). Podcasting chart. TDG Research. Retrieved 10/15/2009, from http://www.tdgresearch.com/images/chart_podcasting.jpg
Chris Dede week 7 video online professional development
http://www.podcastingnews.com/2007/03/22/podcasting-audience-up-18-since-last-year/ Podcasting Audience Up 18% Since Last Year Mar 22nd, 2007 | By James Lewin | Category: Audio Podcasting, Podcasting Research, Podcasting Statistics, Video Podcasts, iPods & Portable Media Players
http://www.podcastingnews.com/2007/03/22/podcasting-audience-up-18-since-last-year/ Podcasting Audience Up 18% Since Last Year Mar 22nd, 2007 | By James Lewin | Category: Audio Podcasting, Podcasting Research, Podcasting Statistics, Video Podcasts, iPods & Portable Media Players