1. Analyzing Visual Art
“Picturing John James Audubon”
NEH Summer Institute
Indiana University
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

2. Analyzing Visual Art
1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
3. ICONOGRAPHY
4. BIOGRAPHY
5. CULTURAL HISTORY

3. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833 Robert Havell after Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833-38
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in.,
Hand-colored engraving from The Birds of America, plate 181
The New-York Historical Society

4. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833 Robert Havell after Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., Hand-colored engraving, 37 ¼ x 26 ½ in., plate 181 from The Birds of America
The New-York Historical Society

5. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Robert Havell after John James Audubon,
Copper Engraving Plate of Common Loon, 1830 Common Loon, 1830
Copper, 41 ½ x 28 ½ n., American Museum of Natural History, New York Uncolored engraving on paper, 41 ½ x 28 ½ in., American Museum of Natural History, New York

6. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
John James Audubon, Red-winged Blackbird, 1805
Pastel, graphite, and ink on paper, 38 x 22 cm., Houghton Library, Harvard University

7. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
John James Audubon, Dusky Petrel, 1826
Pencil on paper, 7 ¾ x 12 1/8 in., Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University

8. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
John James Audubon, English Pheasants Surprised by a Dog, 1827
Oil on canvas, 57 x 93 in., Racquet & Tennis Club, New York

9. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
Reconstruction of Audubon’s wire-mounted bird modeling technique

10. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
Audubon’s print shipping box
American Museum of Natural History, New York

11. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
Audubon’s portable lapdesk
Mahogany, New-York Historical Society

12. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
Audubon memorabilia (hat, parfleched, gun, pistol, war club, pipe/tomahawk, axe)
American Museum of Natural History, New York

13. 1. THE OBJECT VIEWED
Lucy Audubon, Beaded Purse, before 1826
New-York Historical Society

14. 2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

15. 2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
Mark Catesby, Fishing Hawk, hand-colored etching, 10 x 14 John James Audubon, Fish Hawk or Osprey, 1806
Pastel, watercolor, graphite, and ink on paper, 57 x 63 cm.,
in., from The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Houghton Library, Harvard University
Bahama Islands, 2 vols. (London, 1731-47)

16. 2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Fish Hawk or Osprey, 1832
Hand-colored engraving, 38 ¼ x 26 ½ in., from The Birds of America, pl. 81

17. 2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Great Blue Heron, 1835
Hand-colored engraving, 38 ¼ x 25 ½ in., from The Birds of America, plate 281

18. 2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800 John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Oil on canvas, 102 x 87 in., Château de Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison New-York Historical Society

19. 2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE
J.-L. David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800 John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Oil on canvas, 102 x 87 in., Château de Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison Watercolor on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., New-York Historical Society

20. 3. ICONOGRAPHY
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

21. 3. ICONOGRAPHY
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833, and detail of self-portrait
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

22. 3. ICONOGRAPHY
John James Audubon, Nicholas Augustus Berthoud, 1819
Pastel on paper, 10 x 8 in., Speed Art Museum, Louisville

23. 3. ICONOGRAPHY
John James and Victor Gifford Audubon, Wolverine or Glutton, 1841
Mixed media, 36 x 25 in., American Museum of Natural History, New York

24. 4. BIOGRAPHY
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

25. 4. BIOGRAPHY
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833, and detail
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

26. 4. BIOGRAPHY
John Syme, John James Audubon, 1826
Oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in., White House Collection, Washington, D.C.

27. 4. BIOGRAPHY
G. P. A. Healy, John James Audubon, 1838
Oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in., Museum of Science, Boston

28. 4. BIOGRAPHY
Victor Gifford and John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon, 1841
Oil on canvas, 44 x 60 in., American Museum of Natural History, New York

29. 4. BIOGRAPHY
Life mask of John James Audubon, c. 1830?
Plaster, New-York Historical Society

30. 4. BIOGRAPHY
Anonymous Japanese artist, John James Audubon Discovers his Work Eaten by Rats, 1873
Woodcut, Library of Congress

31. 4. BIOGRAPHY
After Frederick Cruikshank, Lucy Bakewell Audubon, 1831 Bogardus Galleries (NY), Lucy Bakewell Audubon, c.1860
Albumen print carte-de-visite, 10.3 x 6.4 cm., New Brunswick Museum Albumen print carte-de-visite, 10.1 x 6.1 cm., New Brunswick Museum

32. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833
Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

33. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1826
Graphite on paper,
John Gadsby Chapman, Col. David Crockett, 1835
Oil on canvas, Alamo Museum, San Antonio, TX

34. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1826 George Caleb Bingham,Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers
Graphite on paper, through the Cumberland Gap, 1851-52
Oil on canvas, 36 ½ x 50 ¼ in., Washington University Art Gallery, St. Louis

35. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1826 George Catlin, “The Author Painting a Chief at the Base
Graphite on paper, of the Rocky Mountains,” frontispiece to
Catlin, Letters and Notes, 1841

36. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
John James Audubon, White-headed Eagle, 1828
Hand-colored engraving, 37 x 25 ¼ in., from The Birds of America, plate 31

37. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Audubon, White-headed Eagle, 1828
Hand-colored engraving, 37 x 25 ¼ in., from The Birds of America, plate 31
John James Audubon,
Wild Turkey, 1825
Watercolor and graphite on paper, 38 ¾
x 26 in., New-York Historical Society
Charles Willson Peale, The Artist in His Museum, 1822
Oil on canvas, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

38. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
John James Audubon, Black Vulture, 1829
Pastel, watercolor, graphite, collage on paper, 23 3/8 x 36 1/8 in., New-York Historical Society

39. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Théodore Géricault, Severed Heads, 1818 John James Audubon, Black Vulture, 1829
Oil on canvas, 50 x 61 cm., Nationalmuseum, Stockholm Pastel, watercolor, graphite, collage on paper, 23 3/8 x 36 1/8 in., New-York
Historical Society

40. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Passenger Pigeon, 1832
Hand-colored engraving, 26 x 20 ½ in., from The Birds of America, plate 62

41. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Havell after Audubon, Passenger Pigeon, 1832 “Martha,” believed to be the last Passenger Pigeon, in
The Birds of America, plate 62 the Cincinnati Zoo, 1914

42. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Bird-hat fashions, c. 1900

43. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
George Bird Grinnell, 1849-1938

44. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
National Audubon Society, incorporated 1905

45. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Andrew Jackson Grayson, Northern Jacana, 1861
Watercolor, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley

46. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Louis Agassiz Fuertes, Bateleur (Helotarses ecaudatus), 1927
Watercolor, Paul Kasmin Gallery

47. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Walton Ford, Madagascar, 2002
Watercolor, gouache, ink, and pencil on paper, Paul Kasmin Gallery

48. 5. CULTURAL HISTORY
Jean-Luc Mylayne, PO-30, Janvier-Fevrier, 2006
Unique color print, 123 x 153 cm., Coll. Jean Luc Mylayne