Meta design hku5

META DESIGN
元設計 Collective Self Construction for the People
Fall 2013 MArch II Design Studio
University of Hong Kong, Department of Architecture
Hsieh Ying Chun/ Atelier-3 Studio
謝英俊／第三建築工作室

Open System and Prototype
開放體系與原型
開放建築的理念在現代建築革命開始不久即被提出，所揭櫫的想法是將建築依功能或構件耐用年限做區分，再做不同的對待，使建築壽
命延長與使用合理化。
從中國農村到印度、非洲、拉美，絕大部分的人類花費畢生積累，盲目地蓋不堪使用的水泥磚房，不僅建築使用生命週期短，保暖及斷
熱性差、抗震力不足，並且造成浪費與自然資源的耗損。到底有沒有一種作法，由專業者來建構一個具開放性的體係做為共用平台，這
體係是有限而必要的作為，能解決結構安全、節能減排、空間合理配置等等，就像傳統的穿斗式架構體系，居民再以他們熟悉的傳統工
藝，在這平台上發揮他們的創意與勞動力？當居民可以用這種方式參與建房時，社群關係與傳統文化能夠延續，地域特性多樣化的反映
與可持續的理念就得以實現，這將對過去所謂的“開放建築”做全新的詮釋。
The concept of open system emerged with the Industrial Revolution and the Modernist movement. It’s main discourse is to overcome
the contradiction of mass production and the needs of housing diversity. It attempts to make distinction of buildings by function and
component durability. It also offers varieties over time and adjusts flexibly according to individual needs in order to extend the lifespan
of the building and allow for rational use.
From rural China to India, to Africa to South America, majority of people spend lifelong saving blindly building concrete and brick
houses that not only have a short life cycle, poor insulation, non seismic but also create wasteful consumption of natural resources.
It is necessary to develop an open system as a common platform. Space, structure, and structuring principles are open and flexible:
they should adapt to local conditions, incorporate local resources; deploy local traditional materials and craftsmanship. It should also
integrate both the creativity and labor of the users and make it an interactive open system, as well as relying the establishment of the
open system to prototype investigation as core design intention.

We created a catalogue of 24 prefabricated housing systems, including timber, precast concrete, steel and metal
sheeting, analyzing their construction process, tectonic system, conceptual framework and practical outcomes.
我們從木，預製混泥土，鋼，金屬板, 玻璃鋼 5個系統中選擇了24個案例，對它們的施工過程的發展，構造體系，概念
框架和項目成果進行分析，從而構建一個預製房屋系統的目錄。
Catalogue of Industrial Prefabricated Systems
工業預製房屋系統目錄

TIMBER / 木結構
-Balloon Frame 1833- Present
-Konrad Wachsmann & Walter Gropius: Packaged House/General Panel System 1941
-Paul Rudolph: Oriental Masonic Gardens 1970
-IKEA: BoKlok Homes 1996
-MUJI/NET: MUJI House 2004
-Lazor Office: Flatpak House 2004

Balloon framing
Timber
Methodology/ Construction
Originated in USA, this method was an adapta-
tion of the original post-beam system, by
using studs and cross members, joint by nails.
This method emphasizes the vertical
member, from where each platform can be
attached independently.
This type of construction had very low cost,
and required low skills, emphasizing a “do it
yourself” methodology.
pre-cut pieces
parts: 15,000
weight: about 4 kg
men needed to build: 2 or
more
days: few days for frame
Pros
Direct load path to the
foundation
Easy to build
Less skill required
Cons
Longer members required
Fire can spread more easily from floor to
roof
Requires scaffolding to work on top floors
during construction
Prototype development
WIth the automobile industry develop-
ment, the suburbs in America were able to
develop. A quick and easy construction was
needed, and the basic concept of singular
family houses was created.
The factory production facilited the
system to be mass produced and to be
distributed to each family. This method
allowed people to build their own
homes.
possible layouts: 450
houses built: over
200,000
cost for one: 500-
5000 usd

THE PART : BUILDING COMPONENTS
WEDGE CONNECTOR from 3D Y-Shape to 2D
1941(Modified Scheme)
1942(Packaged House)
1939 (French Scheme)
VARIATIONS OF PANEL
PANEL Standardized 8’ x 3’4’’ Panel
VARIATIONS OF PANEL
COMBINATION OF PANELS
PACKAGED HOUSEPACKAGED HOUSE
DESIGN —— OPEN SYSTEM
It did not postulate a standard design. It was intended to generate a very wide
range of design options, which could not, infact should not, be predicated in ad-
vance. These design options were infinite but limited by the parameters of the con-
struction system to a family of designs that were all rectilinear modular, panelized
and low-rise.
CONSTRUCTION —— CLOSED SYSTEM
Its limited set of integrated components all stemmed from a single design source
and ultimately would all have to be produced in one comprehensive factory.
THE WHOLE : CUSTOMIZED HOUSE

GENERAL PANEL COMPANY
PROGRESS LINE TRANSPORTATION
INSTALLATION MANUAL BUILDING PART ON SITE
TARGET GROUP:
Under the free market of US that time, company like General
Panel can never work for the real poor. The product serves for
middle class or less well-off.
Reason for Bankruptcy of General Panel Company
FAILURE AS COMMODY
IS PATENT A RISK FOR CUSTOMER?
SOCIAL CONTEXT : FREE MARKET
DEBATE ON TECHNOLOGY’S ROLE
Gropius believed that the technological progress that enabled a
system was, essentially, an immutable force that inevitably had
to be harnessed by humans to achieve their own goals. Gropius
considered a humanist by many saw the machine as a poten-
tially dehumanizing force that man had to control.
Wachsmann, had a different perception of technology as a liberat-
ing force in architecture.
debate of technology’s role in architecture continues today and
uniquely embedded in the fabric of this modest proposal for
prefabricated house.
The planning of man’s physical environment has to be
based on the best use of the available technique,which
in turn is based on our knowledge of and our ability to
control energy; in other words, on our economy and
on our science. Only when it uses such means can a
building, in any age, be called modern. Anybody who
is able to improve such methods, even in abstract
terms, is indeed an artist.
-- Konrad Wachsmann
Men will always rebel at attempts at overmecha-
nization which are contrary to life. But industriali-
zation will not stop at the threshold of building. We
have no other choice but to accept the challenge of
the machine in all fields of production until men fi-
nally adapt if fully to serve their biological needs.
-- Water Gropius
TECHNOLOGY v.s. HUMANITY

Oriental Masonic Gardens
Paul Rudolph, 1970
Wilmot Road, New Haven CT
Area of the site : 120,000 sq. m
Height of the building : 6.07 m
Number of apartments : 148
Density : 0.0203%
PaulRudolph-OrientalMasonicGardens
Residences are grouped in fours around a utility core. In every home, a lower module contains living spaces. A second
module above it houses two or three bedrooms. And a third module may be added, parallel to the lowest one, for
additional bedrooms. This stacking organization creates a sheltered outdoor space for each unit.
HORIZONTAL GARDEN

Project Description The trick is simply to build a unit with one set of walls that fold down to form floors and another set that swings up
to enlarge the roof area. Rudolph’s standard unit weights 11 tons and, with everything folded up, is 12 feet wide, 60 feet long and eight
feet high. Moving it is quite within the capacity of a smemi-trailer .
Plugged into a service core and folded out, this standard unit produces a flat measuring in total floor area 24
feet by 60 feet. It is complete except for the addition of prefabricated walls, largely floor-to-ceiling windows, and
minor finishing covering the narrow fissures along the folding lines.
TECTONIC SYSTEM
PaulRudolph-OrientalMasonicGardens
height living space reducing the number of required corridors to one every three floors.
In each house, the lower module contains the living spaces, a second module contains over 2 or 3 bedrooms, and sometimes
added a modulus parallel to first to accommodate the additional bedrooms.
Pinwheel Orientat
WINDOW DETAILS
UNIT DESIGN
In each house, the lower module contains the living spaces, a second module contains over 2 or 3
bedrooms, and sometimes added a modulus parallel to first to accommodate the additional bedrooms.
UNIT DESIGN
In each house, the lower module contains the living spaces, a second module contains over 2 or 3 bedrooms, and sometimes
added a modulus parallel to first to accommodate the additional bedrooms.
Pinwheel Orientation for the
WINDOW DETAILS
UNIT DESIGN

10
BOLOK
smart living
Bo Klok, which translates to
“clever living”, is a facto-
ry-built modular house design
by IKEA which is currently
sold in Sweden, Great Britain,
Finland, Denmark, and Norway.
The house is desined to be
extremely affordable to allow
low-income families the ability
live in a clean contemporary
environment similar to the
lifestyle marketed through
IKEA furniture. The Bo Klok
comes in several different
varieties which are all based
on the same construction and
delivery processes.
Shown here is the apartment
building style of Bo Klok. The
success of the Bo Klok comes
from their simple design,
sturdy construction, social
conciousness and low cost.
PRE-FAB COMPONENTS
ORGANIZATIONS
11
COMPONENTS RELATIONSHIP

KENGO KUMA
TECTONIC SYSTEMS
KAZUHIKO NAMBA WALLS AND FOUNDATION
1
1. Concrete Foundation
2. Insulation layer
3. Cement and Sand
4. Rubble
5. Timber Floor
6. Timber Column
Timber Column
External Louvers
Insulation
3
4
5
6
2
CASE STUDY - MUJI HOUSE
The Autonomous Houses
by Crystal Yiu and Ping Li
CASE STUDY - MUJI HOUSE
Influenced by English/Scottish Hut Prefab in suburban
The design is a simple rectangular volume particularly well suited to urban and
semi-urban contexts in Japan.
HK$ 1,505,765
for one house

6
PLAY FLATPAK HOUSES
FLEXIBLE SYSTEM BASED ON RULES AND CATALOGUES TIMBER PANEL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
TYPICAL GROUND FLOOR
TYPICAL FIRST FLOOR
panel construction
(timber-frame construction)
Bracing by means of planking to post-and-rail construction
Floors lay on top, stores-height posts
Cantilevers possible in direction of beam
8’*8’ grids
Finely structured arrangement
normally with nail connections
1 Colum 2 beam 3 sole plate 4 header
7
MASS CUSTOMIZATION
BOTH ON-SITE AND OFF-SITE FABRICATION
STEP 1 - Use the stickers and
worksheet
provided to lay out your fl oor plan
confi guration -- kitchen here, living
room
there, studio here, garage there (each
square represents 8’x8’ of fl oor space).
STEP 2 - Tell us about your site (or
potential site) -- location, terrain, best
views, approximate dimensions.
STEP 3 - Send your information to
Lazor Offi ce / FLATPAK
8’
8’
kitchen/diningbedrooms + bathrooms living/common areas private hideaway
douglas ﬁr white corrugated metal white hardiboard cedar dark gray hardiboard madras
CONCRETEWALLCLADDINGGLASS
[limited availability][also in black & galvanized]
light black light, light black taupe black almost gray yellow
The material catalogue gives
the flexibility for the both
interior and façade design,
which is also easy compatible
with the modular plan layout
With both the industrial fabricate and the handy craft, it is more flexible than the holistic off-site fabrication.

PRECAST CONCRETE / 預製混凝土
-Thomas Edison: Single Pour Concrete System 1919
-Le Corbusier: Unite D’Habitation 1947
-Moshe Safdie: Habitat’67 1967
-Kisho Kurokawa: Nakagin Capsule Tower 1972
-Zvi Hecker: Ramot Housing 1985
-Anderson Anderson Architecture: Orchard House 2008

The Vertical Expansions
SINGLE POUR CONCRETE SYSTEM 1917
THOMAS EDISON
LUSTRON HOMES (Westchester Standard)
CARL STRANDLUND
1919 (after WW1)
~2250 sq. ft (6-bedroom)
$1,200
concret set in 1 day
less than 100 constructed
1948 (after WW2)
1,085 sq. ft (2-bedroom) /
1,209 sq. ft (3-bedroom)
$8,500 - $10,500
(25% of conventional house)
360 man-hours to install
2500 constructed
INFOBACKGROUND
SINGLE-MATERIAL
Case Studies -
The Mass Production of Single-Material Houses
By Crystal Yiu
slum in New York Thomas Edison with model
of single pour concrete house
Lustron Homes -
Westchester Standard 2-bedrooms
American returning veterans
1946
THOMAS EDISON
CARL STRANDLUND
fire resistantstructural stability
in storm
crack and leakage
no way to
maintain
expensive
(in 1910s)
low maintenance
cost
poor thermal insulationclean durable
Edison Portland Cement Co. (1899)
Delaware River Valley, New Jersey, US
Lustron Factroy (1947)
Columbus, Ohio, US
High Efficiency
Suitable for Mass Production
1919 (after WW1)
$1,200
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
INFOBACKGROUNDMATERIAL
SINGLE-MATERIAL
INE
Case Studies -
The Mass Production of Single-Material Houses
By Crystal Yiu
side product of ore milling
Lustron Homes -
1946
$
$$$
in storm
crack and leakage
no way to
maintain
expensive
(in 1910s)
low maintenance
cost
poor thermalclean durable
-erection manual with axonometric diagrams
-easy installation
-interlocking joints, good sealing
mold can be used repeatedly-
seamless-
1 day for concrete to set-
high initial cost-
havey and complex mold-
machine required-
Columbus, Ohio, US
-8 days installation
-not portable
-machine required
MATPRODUCTIONLINEON-SITECONSTRUCTION
AILING
efficient layout out of iron panels-
air vent-
low flexibility-
transported
by train
> 2000 iron parts
1/2 million pounds
mold being transport
to another site
concrete housemold being use
repeatedly
>30 types of house in vision
min $17,500
contractor invest
on a mold
Fig. 4
Edison’s
concrete plant
specially designed truck
same truck transport all
prefab components to site
trained local
construction
crew
drive along the
production line to
pick up steel components
interlocking ceiling panels
for easy installation and sea
$
$$$
-erection manu
-easy installati
-interlocking jo
-low flexibility
-over 2000 co
DETAILING
air vent-
low flexibility-
complex formwork-
detailing concerned construction only-
no consideration on maintenance
no expansion joint-
to another site
concretemold being use
repeatedly
iron mold panel layout
elevation
iron mold panel
section
air vent
THOMAS EDISON
CARL STRANDLUND
in storm
crack and leakage
no way to
maintain
expensive
(in 1910s)
low maintenance
cost
seamless-
high initial cost-
machine required-
Columbus, Ohio, US
High Efficiency
Suitable for Mass Production
-not portable
-machine required
1919 (after WW1)
$1,200
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
INFOMATERIAL
SINGLE-MATERIAL
PRODUCTIONLINETRUCTION
transported
by train
Lustron Homes -
1946
min $17,500
contractor invest
on a mold
Edison’s
concrete plant
trained local
construction
drive along the
production line to
$
$$$

Le Corbusier designed the units to span from each side of the building, as well as having a double
At each end of the unit there is a balcony protected by a brise-soleil that allows for cross ventilation throughout the unit flowing through
the narrow bedrooms into the double height space; emphasizing an open volume rather than an open plan.
WINDOW DETAILS
UNIT DESIGN
The Horizontal Window
The incorporated patio into the façade system minimizes the perception of the buildings height, as to create an abstract ribbon window that
emphasizes the horizontality of such a large building.
LeCorbusier-UniteD’Habitation
The project was an innovative integration of a system of distributing goods and services that provide independent support to the dwelling unit,
responding to the needs of its residents and ensuring operational autonomy in relation to the outside.
VERTICAL GARDEN CITY

Le Corbusier designed the units to span from each side of the building, as well as having a double height living space reducing the number of
required corridors to one every three floors.
UNIT DESIGNLeCorbusier-UniteD’Habitation
Free PLan Free Facade
The partition walls between the apartments are load-bearing, freeing the facades, and providing strong sound-proofing between apartments - part of the building’s success
in combining privacy with communal living. But between these walls, the free plan has taken on a new dimension, to become a ‘free volume’. In an ingenious use of space,
two-story apartments interlock, so that an entrance corridor and elevator stop are required only at every third level.
The Unité introduced the world to raw concrete - béton brut - with its texture defined by the wooden planks shaping it when it was poured.
TECTONIC SYSTEM

CASE 1: HABITAT 67
Moshe Safdie , 1964--1967
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Habitat was the major theme exibition of the 1967 Montreal World Exposition. As a demonstration, the project
pioneered the design and construction of prefebricated housing . As an urban building type, habitat sought to
mix residential, commercial, and institutional uses to create a more vital neighbourhood, and to provide the
amenities of the single-family home in a form adaptable to high densities and constrained budgets.
Typical Unit
Unit System Unit Types
The complex comprises 354 identical, prefabricated concrete forms arranged
in various combinations, reaching up to 12 storeys in height. Together these
units create 146 residences of varying sizes and configurations, each formed
from one to eight linked concrete units.
MODULAR SYSTEM
Unit System Unit Types
The complex comprises 354 identical, prefabricated concrete forms arranged
in various combinations, reaching up to 12 storeys in height. Together these
units create 146 residences of varying sizes and configurations, each formed
from one to eight linked concrete units.
MODULAR SYSTEM
CONSTRCUTION PROCESS
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Steelrein-
forcingrod
stockpiles
Housing
modules
waitingto
behoisted
Accessory
precastele-
mentsand
roofs
Firestair
andele-
vatorshaft
precast
sections
Sitecon-
struction
Section
Thefactory
Cast lower-parking struc-
ture in place
Lift Prefinished into
place
Move the Modules to
assembly line
Assemble reinforcing steel cage
Move the cage into the
molds
Place the inner molds
Pour the concrete into the
molds
Strip the mold
Steam cure the concrete
module

Cubes Contained in Each Unit
Concept Reversion
Expension Outside Expension Inside
High Density
Low Cost
Low Density
High Cost
$
$ $$ $$ $$ $
$$ $
$ $$ $
$38,000
$250,000
1967 Year2008
(Exclude $8,000 maintenance fee per year)
~ ~
Affordable Hosue
Change of Density and Cost Expansion
Price of Cube
Luxury Apartment
The inital goal for the project to be affordable housing finally failed. The de-
mand for the units made them more expansive and the high cost also prevent-
ed the possibility of expansion.
ISSUES
Puerto Rico Habitat
Israel Habitat
Tropaco Resort
Coldspring New Town
The concept of prefabricated unit for affordable housing not only showed in
Habitat 67, bu t also in many later projects which Moshe Safdie had done
during his career. However, most of the projects didn’t realized in the end. This
shows the limitation interms of tectnical feasiblity and cost issue.
OTHER PROJECTS

Material: capsule exterior : Steel plates on steel frames with sprayed
paint finish
towers: structural steel frame
Dimension: building area 430 sqm, capsule dimension 2.68 m x 4.18 m
No. of capsules: 140
Cost: US$42,525 per capsule (2004) US$ 614 monthly rent (2004)
- sold on free market, half residential, half office
- the capsules have never been replaced or removed
- only top capsules can be removed due to damage
Nakagin Capsule Tower
Kisho Kurokawa 1972
1:: to 100
1300
1050 1250
2300
2050
1650
3800
Material: capsule exterior : Steel plates on steel frames with sprayed
paint finish
towers: structural steel frame
Dimension: building area 430 sqm, capsule dimension 2.68 m x 4.18 m
No. of capsules: 140
Cost: US$42,525 per capsule (2004) US$ 614 monthly rent (2004)
- sold on free market, half residential, half office
- the capsules have never been replaced or removed
- only top capsules can be removed due to damage
Material: fibre-glass reinforced, insulated with polyurethane foam
Dimension: diameter 8 m, height 4 m; lot area 50 sqm, floor area 25 sqm
Weight: 2500 kg
- first design as a ski lodge: quick to heat and easy to construct in rough terrain
- can be dismantled and reassembled in 2 days
- around 60 were produced
- later be used as hotels, cafe, filling stations, tourist info centre, etc
Futuro
Matti Suuronen 1968
1:: to 100
8000
Construction & details
Background
Interior
Continuation
current conditions
capsule house K 1972 sony tower 1976

MORPHOLOGY + MASS PRODUCTION
Site of Area: 18 Hectares
No. of Dwelling: 728
Typical Apartment for 5-6: 516
Apartment for the old: 52
Apartment for young couple: 156
The Ramot Polin neighborhood is a housing project de-
signed by the Polish-born Israeli architect Zvi Hecker,
commissioned by the Israeli government in the euphor-
ic aftermath of the Six Day War. The project, which re-
sembles a beehive, is an avant-garde architectural ex-
periment on morphology as well as construction. Since
being constructed in the late 1970s, the structure has
undergone extensive alteration by its tenants, provoking
a debate regarding the capacity of expressive architec-
ture to account for authentic human needs.
ZVI HECKER, 1977
JERUSALUM
RAMOT HOUSEING
LIVING ROOM -- serve as a
central distribution space, with
hallway segment paths includ-
ed to provide paths to either
bedrooms.
KITCHEN & WASHROOM --
created from the wedges that
result from the star shape.
TERRACE -- make up for most
of the irregular spaces within
the complex a; both extensions
to the living spaces and pro-
vide access to the building.
CUBE:
provides inside lattice of the subdivision into
apartments
DODECAHEDRON:
envelops the outer surface of the building,
forming the typical unit of uncovered open
terraces
3 bedroom units 678 - 1140 square feet
4 bedroom units 1259-1400 square feet
5 bedroom units 1377-1453 square feet
PRE-CAST DODECAHEDRON
- each face of the dodecahedron was cast from a single pentago-
nal slab of precast concrete
- lifted into place by crane
THE PART : STRUCTURAL UNITS
RAMOT HOUSING

Each “finger” containing five or six v-shaped interlocking apart-
ment buildings, which create inner courtyards and pedestrian
circulation paths. The central “Palm” area contained shopping,
education and community services, as well as three outer park-
ing areas.
METAPHOR: A leaf and a hand
PEDESTRIANVEHICAL
THE WHOLE : HOUSING COMMUNITY
RAMOT HOUSING
GOVERNMENT’S CONTROL
Stage 1 : Complete prefabricated system of pre-cast concrete
Stage 2 : Conventional construction; Concrete load bearing walls
with stone facing
TARGET GROUP: For the reason of unusable walls, narrow bal-
conies and slanted pentagonal windows, the project did not at-
tract the middle class population it was intended for and was
instead inhabited by communities that favoured the low rent.
SOCIAL CONTEXT : GOVERNMENT CONTROL
RAMOT HOUSING

ADDITION:
CREATIVE COPING OF TENANTS
enlarge rooms, widen windows and add air conditioning units on the
facades.
RAMOT HOUSING
TECHNOLOGY v.s. HUMANITY

12
Anderson Anderson Architecture, 2008
ORCHARD HOUSE
C-shaped
concrete module
structure (4x4
feet)
Trees
Grid line
(alignment)
25’
Location:Sonoma Country, CA,
USA
Project Area: 4,500 sq.ft.
Program: Single family house
(wheel-char access)
Requirement:
adaptability to the landscape
while keeping construction
costs to a minimum.
13
4‘ (~1220mm) 4‘ (~1220mm)
The concrete modules are created from a usable
formwork of 2x12 foot boards that could be easily
moved around the site. The work is scaled to be
manageable with one concrete truck and a 2-person
crew.
Concrete modules functioning as
showering and outdoor storage.
Own drawing

14
IN-SITU CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION+PREFAB FORMWORK
“The quality of concrete surface characterises the building as a whole within its architectural theme. It tends towards either the archaic of the abstract.”
REUSEABLE FORMWORK
FORMWORK
Formworks are molds where concrete in its plastic form is poured so that it can be molded into
the desired shape, size, position, and more importantly, its alignment, when it become solid
concrete.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT MATERIAL FOR FORMWORK
• Timber formwork has a limited number of reuses compared to metal/FRP, but can increase
by using oil or epoxy treatments.
• Timber formwork is cheaper.
• Timber formwork requires no special tools or much construction experience.
• Timber is lighter weight to carry.
• Steel/Alu formwork has a better ability to carry heavy concrete, provide longer spans.
• Metal formwork is easier to strip off concrete than wood formwork.
FORMWORK REUSE
• The more symmetrical and repetitive the structural element layout is, the more favorable
formwork reuse is.
• Formwork materials should be handled carefully on site.
• Used panels must be inspected before reuse.
• Any excessive concrete must be removed from the formwork before reuse.
• Aluminium formwork should be oiled to prevent rust.
• After the above, stockpile and cover with suitable fabric, eg. Canvas.
ECONOMICS OF FORMWORK REUSE
• Formwork accounts to around 10% of total cost of the structure.
• The initial cost of formwork will drop to 40% after 5 reuses, this depends on how easy it is
to strip from concrete.
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/building-construction-design/110298-reusing-form-
work-for-concrete/#imgn_0
MATERIALS
Concrete
• Cement
• Water
• Fine Aggregate
• Coarse Aggregate
• Air Space
• Admixtures
Formwork
• Timber
• Steel/Aluminum
• Glass-reinforced plas-
tic (FRP)
Reinfocements
PROCESSES
1. Pouring
2. Compacting/Vibrating
3. Curing
Mixing concrete by hand Concrete mixer Concrete mixer truck
2.68 - 4.39 professional Safe
Concrete slab formwork systems
scaffolding fitting.

STEEL / 鋼構
-Richard Neutra: Lovell Health House 1928
-Charles and Ray Eames- Case Study House N0.9 1945
-Lustron Corporation: Westchester Two-Bedroom Model House 1948
-Richard J. Dietrich: Metastadt-Bausystem 1972
-Kieran Timberlake Associates: Cellophane House 2007
-Studio Aisslinger: Loftcube 2007

The Lovell Health House is the first American residence in steel and is based on the skycraper technology. Dr
phillip lovell, the first owner, was a flamboyant, progressive naturopath with strong convictions about physical
health. He and Neutra had a shared opinion of modern dwelling, and since the building corresponded perfectly
to all the demands of hygiene it was called “health house”.
CASE 2: LOVELL HEALTH HOUSE
Richard Neutra, 1927-1929
L.A. California, US
The house reflects Neutra’s interest in industrial production. It is an early ex-
ample of the use of gunite (sprayed-on concrete) and the most evident in the
repetitive use of factory-made window assemblies.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Foundations and pool constr-
cution on precipitous hillside
Standardized steel skeloton
Concrete-shooting
within the swimming
Metal windows are
inserted into the steel
The steel skeleton was erected in four days and
fitted with open web truss joistsCONSTRCUTION PROCESS

CASE STUDY - CASE STUDY HOUSE NO.9
No. 8 No. 9
Charles and Ray Eames
Tectonic Systems
Bridge beam system Truss steel beam Exposed ISO
The Autonomous Houses
CASE STUDY AND MATERIALS RESEARCH
Wireframe structure (exposed) Wireframe structure (Conceal)
Case Study House No.9 - Eames House
Influenced by
Piet Mondrian (1874-1944)
Of the twenty-five Case Study Houses built
The Eames house is considered the most successful both as an architectural statement
and as a comfortable, functional living space. The brash sleekness of the design made it a
favorite backdrop for fashion shoots in the 1950s and 1960s.

917
SON
CARL STRANDLUND
low maintenance
cost
899)
y, US
atedly-
mless-
o set-
cost-
mold-
uired-
Columbus, Ohio, US
High Efficiency
e for Mass Production
-not portable
-machine required
WW1)
oom)
1,200
1 day
ucted
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
INFOMATERIAL
GLE-MATERIAL
PRODUCTIONLINERUCTION
model
house
Lustron Homes -
1946
trained local
drive along the
production line to
$
917
SON
CARL STRANDLUND
WW1)
oom)
1,200
1 day
ucted
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
INFOBACKGROUND
es
model
house
Lustron Homes -
1946
917
SON
CARL STRANDLUND
low maintenance
cost
899) Lustron Factroy (1947)
High Efficiency
WW1)
oom)
1,200
1 day
ucted
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
GLE-MATERIAL
Ees
model
house
Lustron Homes -
1946
$
in storm
crack and leakage
no way to
maintain
expensive
(in 1910s)
low maintenance
cost
-easy installation
-low flexibility
-over 2000 components
seamless-
high initial cost-
machine required-
Columbus, Ohio, US
-not portable
-machine required
MATERIPRODUCTIONLINEON-SITECONSTRUCTION
DETAILING
air vent-
low flexibility-
complex formwork-
no expansion joint-
transported
by train
> 2000 iron parts
1/2 million pounds
to another site
repeatedly
>30 types of house in vision
min $17,500
contractor invest
on a mold
Fig. 4
Edison’s
concrete plant
trained local
construction
crew
drive along the
production line to
for easy installation and sealing
$
$$$
-easy installation
-low flexibility
-over 2000 components
DETAILING
OPEN SYSTEM POSSIBLE?
air vent-
low flexibility-
complex formwork-
no expansion joint-
to another site
repeatedly
iron mold panel layout
elevation
iron mold panel
section
air vent
for easy installation and sealing
wall-exterior
installation details
interior wall
sections
917
SON
CARL STRANDLUND
WW1)
oom)
1,200
1 day
ucted
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
INFOBACKGROUND
GLE-MATERIAL
es
model
house
Lustron Homes -
1946
917
SON
CARL STRANDLUND
low maintenance
cost
899)
y, US
Columbus, Ohio, US
High Efficiency
WW1)
oom)
1,200
1 day
ucted
1948 (after WW2)
$8,500 - $10,500
2500 constructed
GLE-MATERIAL
INE
es
model
house
Lustron Homes -
1946
$

8
The structure was a steel rigging
system, made from prefabricated steel
components, which made up the
individual module.
Dietrich’s ambitious claim was that the
Metastadt would alter the role and
purpose of the architect, because
having once designed the metastadt
(the ideal future of city living), other
forms of design would become irrele-
vant and outdated.
Following the construction of a proto-
type in Munich, a second Metastadt was
built in Wulfen in 1974, containing 102
apartments, as well as shops, cafes and
restaurants. However, in the 1980s the
building began to falter as major stores
began to move out of the arcade. The
building became derelict in 1986, but 10
million DM were injected into the
scheme as a final rescue effort the
following year. However, following the
discovery of major structural defects,
the building was demolished.
METASTADT BAUSYSTEM
metacity building system
PRE-FAB COMPONENTS
ORGANIZATIONS
9
COMPONENTS RELATIONSHIP

4
CELLOPHANE HOUSE
TRUSSED BLOCK PREFABRICATED SYSTEM
In cellophane house, the architect used BIM software to control the whole construction process; the detail
digital model was built to justify the feasibility.
RIGID SYSTEM BASED ON BIM
structure system
5
MASS CUSTOMIZATIONHOLISTIC APPROACH TO OFF-SITE FABRICATION
Cellophane house is not a typical modular design, on the contrary, each building component
is unique and they were all prefabricate in the factory then assembled on site.
The façade system can be customized in cellophane house. With the material catalogue, the clients are able to design
the building surface in different price. Moreover, a recycled scenario is proposed, though personally, I do not think it
works.

The LoftCube gives one the sense
of living amidst nature while and
the same time providing a feeling
of warmth and security. The inno-
vative one-room concept does
without non-utilizable auxiliary ar-
eas and creates fluid transitions
from living space to living space,
and an almost traceless transition
between the interior and exterior.
At initial stages, the Loftcube is specifically designed for rooftops and could be transported by helicopter.
Loftcube-Monsters come out everywhere
LC39 | living
6250
7295
6250
7295
1250
The next larger
ideal space
measures 6,25 m
* 8,75 m.
The designers created this as a minimal house for couples
who enjoy dining with friends.
LC55 | living
6250
7295
8750
9755
1250
The concept of a cube-shaped liv-
ing space combines two themes
perfectly:a minimal yet spacious liv-
ing space that avoids non-utilizable
auxiliary areas look like and how
can a 360° light be realized.
The LoftCube mea-
suring 6,25 m * 6,25
m, which combines
all important func-
tions – including liv-
ing, sleeping and
working as well as
kitchen and bath-
room facilities.
8
AxonandElevationsDimensionandData
9

This concept was designed for a renowned art museum direc-
tor to realize a LoftCube landscape made up of three Cubes.
This concept was designed for
an Italian designer hotel. Two
superior and one exclusive ho-
tel suites with the bed as the
centre and a wellness area
behind.
This design includes an inte-
grated 31,25 sqm living and
sleeping area with a loewe
individual TV and a 7,75 sqm
wellness section with bathtub,
fittings from Grohe, and Co-
rian surfaces.
This office was designed for an Italian
real estate company in order to com-
bine all necessary functions in a high-
end on-site office.
A cosy lounge to welcome their cli-
ents, an en-suite working space with a
vitra level 34 sideboard and desk and a
meeting room for negotiations.
To ensure that the client can be hosted
professionally, a kitchenette and WC
have been added.
LC39 | hotel
design hotel
LC39 | office
italian office
LC39*3 | living
privat creativity landscapes
Other possibilities
by different gangways
10
Advanced Version-Fincube
A VISION OF TEMPORARY LIVING
Ñnatural high-techì is the concept of this new modular,
sustainable & transportable low-energy house.
sustainable nomadic house
long-lasting design
hospitality vision
technology & space
11

METAL SHEET / 金屬板
-Peter Dejongh and Otto Brandenberger: Quonset Hut 1940
-R. Buckminster Fuller: Wichita House 1944
-Jean Prouvé: Masion Tropicale 1949
-Cattani Architects: Cite A Docks Container Dormitory 2010

4
QUONSET HUT
Peter Dejongh + Otto Brandenberger, 1941 (WW2)
Factory at Quonset Point Quonset huts ready to ship
out by barge from Quonset
Point
Construction of Quonset Hut on
site-firstly wooden bearers are laid
on ground.
Steel ribs are bolted to the bearers
and wood-purlins fixed to the ribs
with hook-bolts.
Wooden joists are screwed to
bearers. These joists support the
wooden floor panels.
Interal lining+eternal
cladding.
Completion.
Corrugated metal run through
rollers at the factory for use on
T-Rib Quonset huts.
Background:
Commissioned by the US Military to design and
produce a light prefab hut structural prototype to US
specifications in a span of 2 months, with the purpose
of housing people and protecting materials in different
military bases. The first batches were built for a new
Navy base at Quonset Point in Rhode Island. It was an
improvement of the Nissen Hut, which was designed by
the British and used as bomb shelters during the WW1.
Requirements:
Inexpensive
light-weight
portable
easy to assemble with hand tools
5
Completion.
Own drawing
The Nissen Hut (WW1)
• Can fit in the back of a 3-tonne truck.
• Takes 4 hours and 6 men to build.
• Can be adapted for different pro-
grammes.
• Can be connected to make a bigger
building. • Floor Joists
• Sill Plate
• Curved T-Rib
• Purlins
• Ventilatior
• Corrugated Sheet Cladding
• Insulation
• Masonite Lining
• Floor Panel
• Door panels

6
1st version:T-rib Quonset 2nd version: Redesigned
# of huts built during WWII: 8,200
• Improvement of former Nissen Hut’s (UK WW1)wall
system Introduced interior wallboards, lapped cor-
rugated metal panels mounted to wood purlins and a
core layer of paper insulation.
• 16’x36’ accommodates 10 enlisted men/5-7 offic-
ers.
• Modified arch with four-foot vertical sidewalls.
• The new arch is assembled in 2 sections instead of
3.
• New stran-steel profile.
• 35%lighter to ship and 60% less expensive to pro-
duce than T-rib quonset.
16’ (~4880) 32’ (~10980)/20’ (6100)
• Masonite lining
• Insulation
• Steel Grid
• Curved T-rib
• Purin
• Corrugated Steel sheeting
Own drawing
7
16’ (~4880) 32’ (~10980)/20’ (6100)
• Masonite lining
• Insulation
• Curved Stran-Steel Rib
• Stran-Steel Purlin
• Corrugated Steel sheeting
3rd version: Stran Steel
Nails are driven into the
groove of the steel section
and clinched by friction.
Eliminated the need for
numous bolting methods,
therefore lighter and faster
to erect.
• Factory at Quonset was phased out and contract was
transferred Stran-Steel.
• Reverted back to the full arch rib
• epanded footprint through larger arch size
• Floor: 1” floorboards->half inch plywood
• lighter gauge galvanized siding
• factory-curved panels only used on ridgeline, ena-
bling the more panels to be shipped flat.
• lighter and took up less shipping space.
20’ (6100) 48’ (~14630)/56’ (17069)
Own drawing

ADAPTING TO THE TROPICS
In tropical regions it may be desirable to omit the
embankments and support the hut on blocks thereby
permitting circulation of air beneath the hut, prevent-
ing flooding, and reducing termite damage.
-- Planning instructions for Quonset Camps.
PROTECTING AGAINST THE COLD
in cold climates, it may be found desirable to prevent
heat loss and dampness caused by lack of a perfect fit
of the floor panels. A suggested method is to place a
layer of building or tarred paper over the floor panels
and cover with any standard flooring material. This
may be done during or after construction of the hut.
-- Planning instructions for Quonset Camps.
9
A newspaper illustration utilizing Quonset
huts to quantify the number of U.S. Naval
troops stationed the in the Pacific, 1945.
Accommodating different functions.
Homoja Village, naval personal’s
quarters, 1944.
Pin-up girls pose across the wall of a
bomber-crew, Pacific Ocean, 1943
Portability of Quonset Hut. Japanese attack on Dutch Harbor,
Alaska, June 3, 1942.
Quonset Hut rebuilt on site, Dutch
Harbor, June 17, 1942.
Climate Adaptation
ADAPTING TO THE TROPICS
In tropical regions it may be desirable to omit the
embankments and support the hut on blocks thereby
permitting circulation of air beneath the hut, prevent-
ing flooding, and reducing termite damage.
PROTECTING AGAINST THE COLD
in cold climates, it may be found desirable to prevent
heat loss and dampness caused by lack of a perfect fit
of the floor panels. A suggested method is to place a
layer of building or tarred paper over the floor panels
and cover with any standard flooring material. This

10
After the War:
Student housing at Yale
University, 1945
When the war ended, Quonset Huts were
too good a resource to throw away. So the
military sold them to civilians for about a
thousand dollars each. They made servicea-
ble single-family homes. Universities made
them into student housing and returing
veterans occupied Quonset huts by choice.
11
Today:
Abandoned Quonset Hut at Alaska, 2003 Renzo Piano Building Workshop, IBA Exhibitior Pavilion, 1982-4.
Quonset huts symbolized the stereotypical Alaskan lifeestyle.

ARCH5001
Autumn Semester 2013The University of Hong Kong
p.6
Collective Self-Construction For The People :
Agricultecture - Inherit and Revitalize the farming industry Student name: tong wing hong
Intention of Tectonic system - Dymaxion
Structurally it is central pole support system works
with suspended cables, allowing the outer walls to be
non-bearing, and the insulated duralumin and glass
cladding are the enclosure of the house, therefore it
enhances the erection, and transportation (3 tonnes
for the whole system)
Flexible plan provides the modular interior space
which allows the interior to be transformed according
to particular needs. Mass-produced, flat-packaged
and shipped throughout the world.
Environmentally, it was designed for univeral site or
diaster zone, therefore the building skin intends to
create a controlled environment and self-sustainable
system. Entire structure was lifted up from ground to
minimize the heat gain
Centralized air conditioning system with rotating ven-
tilator on roof provides the fresh air. Grey water and
rain water collection system
Wichita House R.B. Fuller, 1944, US
CaseStudy
ARCH5001
p.7
Sequence of Erection Others works in earlier stage
1927-31, Dymaxion House & Dy-
maxion Mobile Dormitory
Provoke the of living machine, and
the idea of Dynamic, maximization,
tension
1934, Dymaxion Car
1940, Mechanical Wing
1941, Dymaxion Depolyment Unit
D.D.U.

ARCH5001
p.4
Masion TropicaleJean Prouve, 1949, Africa
Intention of Tectonic system
Structurally series of steel portal frame act as the primary
and temporary vertical support, no scaffolding is required.
Aluminum sheet and sliding aluminum wall panel with
insulation are the skin of the building.
It could be packed into a cargo plane for ease of trans-
port, and structural member is not wider than 4m, and
could be erected by 2 to 3 workers.
Environmentally, it was desgined for tropical climate in
Africa, Steel faming system lift up the structure from the
ground and adjustable aluminum sunscreen surrounded
the veranda to minimize the heat gain
Blue glass portholes on the wall panel protect against UV
rays
Double roof structure provided natural ventilation
Sequence of Erection
Steel ground beam and flooring Bolt and steel plate connection
with I-beam framing
Primary structure for the roof
(No scofolding is required) Connection between the beam and roof
Main beam is erected piece by piece Installation of partition and louvers
CaseStudy
ARCH5001
p.5
Case study - Masion TropicaleJean Prouve, 1949, Africa
“All his professional life, Prouve refused to desgin for the sake of
form alone. Moreover, the appearance of an object was always
expected to reflect the process of its creation.” Prouve, Nil Peters,
P.10
Furniture works in the earlier stageExpression of Construction Detail

Students Dormitory Made from Shipping Containers
Cattani Architects
Cité A Docks
Intentions
Common layout in single unit
Location: Le Havre, France
4 Floors, 100 apartments, 24 square meters each.
It’s all too common for dormitories to feel jail-like and unwelcoming
with their bland, uniform spaces.
Cattani made sure they created an open feeling with their design
(which can be quite a challenge when you’re working with closed
grey boxes as your base element).
Freight containers Building containers Module frame system Module frame system
10-FT 20-FT 40-FT
NEW $1,500 - $2,500 $2,000 - $5,000 $3,500 - $7,000
USED $1,000 - $2,000 $1,750 - $4,500 $2,500 - $5,500
RENTAL(per month) $75 - $110 $95 - $150 $195 - $275
Containers prices
Basic Modules
4
Containers as a single-room/flexible
multi-room systems
Containers with climate shell and protective roofContainers as
supporting stracture
Non-load-bearing
containers
Horizontal/vertical positioning Horizontal/vertical
connection(longituding side)
Horizontal/vertical
connection (short side)
Switched placement
Arrangement and Space Usage
Combination Types
B:Screw foundation C:Pin foundationTypical slab for a 1000sf (three 40’ containers) shipping container home design.
Foundation system
5

To assure that every room has the same level of privacy, the first floor is raised off the ground, which consequently opens up space for students to store their bikes.
Each unit is about 24 square meters and has a large glass wall which lets in a lot of natural light.
And while the exterior of the building might be industrial and metallic, the inside of each room is a welcoming white with warm wooden furniture.
Since shipping containers can be quite noisy (which is hardly conducive to studying) container walls that face the exterior of the building or sit between other
units are insulated using concrete fire walls and rubber.
Specifically development
6
daiken met architectsJMW architeckten /Tempohousing: keetwonen MMW architects: shipping container art gallery
Comparison to related projects
Specifical development
7

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED POLYESTER PLASTICS / 玻璃鋼
-Matti Suuronen: Futuro House 1968
-Wolfgang Feierbach: Kunststoffhaus 1968

Material: fibre-glass reinforced, insulated with polyurethane foam
Dimension: diameter 8 m, height 4 m; lot area 50 sqm, floor area 25 sqm
Weight: 2500 kg
- first design as a ski lodge: quick to heat and easy to construct in rough terrain
- can be dismantled and reassembled in 2 days
- around 60 were produced
- later be used as hotels, cafe, filling stations, tourist info centre, etc
Futuro
Matti Suuronen 1968
1:: to 100
8000
Construction & details
Background
Interior
Continuation
current conditions
capsule house K 1972 sony tower 1976 venturo cf 100 venturo cf 45 1976

Prototype development
A certificate was issued by the ministry of
housing in Germany to sell houses of this
new material to the public.
35 houses were made and sold through
the 70’s.
The government decided to sponsor the
development with 48,000, but the cost just
for the testing was over 300,000 for the
company, which was already quite small.
The general floor plan followed a grid
of 125cm. Roof elements could be
made in 125m, 250cm, 375cm,
500cm, 625cm, 750cm, 875cm or
1000cm.
This building system ws better accepted by
industry, not being seen as a family house
by the public, which let to the change of
form and function.
A lot of guardhouses where created and
even adapted as part of trains.
possible layouts: 20-30
houses built: 35
cost for one: about
300,000 german mark
( about 200,800 usd)
possible layouts: 20-30
houses built: 35
cost for one: about
300,000 german mark
( about 200,800 usd)
The material itself was explored for a long time
by the architect Wolfgang Feierbach, building
furniture and small scale objects.
The idea of the house was to be continuos
without joints, and made of fiberglass ma-
terial due to its flexibility and strength.
Made of 13 roof elements of 10 meters
spam and 26 wall elements.
All fiberglass elements can be manufactured
under high quality standard in conditioned
factories and even a big house can be installed
in about 1 or 2 days. The elements for this
whole house weighing 9.900 kg.
Pros
Stable load bearing panels
Long spam roof
Light weight
Cons
Health problems
Requires knowledge and skills to
handle the product
Preparation time for each piece is
long
Kunststoffhaus
Fiberglass
Methodology/ Construction

Re-thinking Small House Policy & Urbanized Consciousness
對《小型屋宇政策》和城市化意識的再思考
Hong Kong’s New Territories have been completely altered by population growth, industrialization, and new town devel-
opment; and the communities the Small House Policy was designed to preserve are in many cases unrecognizable. As
land in the NT is put under increasing pressure by conflicting demands for development and conservation, extending
suburban sprawl appears a poor use of Hong Kong’s scarce land resources.
Our Studio worked with the “Small House Policy” to propose new urban ecological development strategies of blending
social and environmental concerns, as well as constructing a new publics structure and empowering the community
through industrialized open system of self-build construction. Our research and proposal grew out of questioning what
is the role of the designer in our dynamic environment in flux? How can we design in an environment where the logics
of development are unpredictable and depend on multiple actors intervening at different scales over time? To answer
these questions, the students developing research and design proposal for “Small House Policy” in three scales, dwell-
ing unit, community scale and urban scale.
香港新界已經完全被人口增長，工業化和新城鎮發展而改變；《小型屋宇政策》原本維護的社區也變得面目全非。現今
新界土地“發展與保育”之間的矛盾日漸激化，城郊無限擴張并非善用香港土地資源的理想方案。
此設計組的課程從香港《小型屋宇政策》出發，提出針對社會和環境問題的新城市生態發展策略，並通過工業化開放自
主營建系統建立一個新的公共結構以服務社區。我們設想：設計師在萬變的社會環境中的角色是什麼？我們如何在規劃
發展無法預料，並需要依靠眾多參與者在不同層面上干預的情況下進行設計？針對以上問題，學生為《小型屋宇政策》
在居住單元，社區和城市這三種尺度推進了調研和設計方案。

Tai Koo Tai Kok Tsui Lam Village Sa Po Village
VALUE OF NEW TERRITORIES VILLAGES IN HONG KONG
Hong Kong Urban Density
Density Comparision
Photography by Michael Wolf
HONG KONG HOUSING DENSITY
......NT Villages provide alternative low density housing
Urban Area New Territories Villages
NEW TERRITORIES HOUSING BACKGROUND
History and Policy
Comparison between
Traditional and Existing Villages
1669 Qing Dynasty
foot print
700ft x3 stories=
2
height
27ft
cantilever
1.2m $$
villager
Qing government allowed villagers
to returnto their villages in Hong Kong.
Villagers built walls surrounding
the village to denfend pirates.
One village is one family.
1972 Small House Policy
Small House Policy
average living space
per person in HK
vs
In order to gain local
villagers’ support on
New Town development in
New Territories, government
implied SHP
VILLAGE
RESIDENTS
one family mix of villagers and outsiders
traditional
village
existing
village
GATEgate of village gate of house
SOCIAL
SPACE
Ancestral Hall 祠堂/ Alley missing local social life
BUILDING
MATERIAL
brick and clay concrete (majority)/ brick
BUILDING
CONTROL
restricted by building tectnology
compermise between villagers
by law (Small House Policy)
but illegal structures are common
Change in
Social Structure
owner sell or rent out
the house,
residents is a MIX of
villagers and outsiders
Change in
Architecture
division of ownership/occupancy130ft
2
total GFA 2100ft
2
Early Qing Dynasty
Qing government ordered villagers
in Hong Kong to move to the
mainland for political reason.
15ft
30ft
EXISTING NT HOUSES DIVISION
EXAMPLES OF VARIATIONS INTERNAL PARTITION
GRID OF TRANSFER BEAM FLEXIBILITY OF INTI-PARTITION
Although one lot is granded to one person,
houses are divided into serval flats driven by market
Different division results in different plans
1 flat
living room
kitchen
stair stair stair
bed-
room
bed-
room
bed-
room
WC
WC
2 flats 2 flats 3 flats
GF 1F 2F
bed-
room
bed-
room
An indigenous MALE villager
who is 18 years old
and is decended throught the male line from
a resident in 1890 will be granted a land
for a house.
outsider
UNSAFE!!!
NEW TERRITORIES VILLAGES BACKGROUND
History and Policy

Autonomous Timber Housing Prototype for
New Territories Villages
THE
VERTICAL EXPANSIONS
Studio Adviser_Hsieh Ying-Chun
Teaching Assistant_Jenny Chou
Project By_Crystal Yiu and Ping LiCrsytal Yiu & Li Ping

1.5m
1.5m
15ft
30ft
GRID
FOOTPRINT VARIATIONS (700sq. ft, 30 units)
EXISTING NT HOUSES DIVISION
EXAMPLES OF VARIATIONS INTERNAL PARTITION
5ft x 5 ft
- Suitable for timer structure
- 5ft as the width of smallest room e.g. toilet
- 2.25 sq.m x 30 = 67.5sq. m
= footprint area of a house under SHP
GRID
- Variations
- Modifiable
- Expandable
*common footprint
for existing NT houses Existing
2
2.25m
Although one lot is granded to one person,
houses are divided into serval flats driven by market
Different division results in different plans
- SPAN affects timber beam thickness
- Different plans on each floor = change of column location
TRANSFER BEAM?
- Thickness of columns if the house can be expanded to 6 stories
1 flat
living room
kitchen
kitchen
stair
living room
bed-
room
bed-
room
WC
stair
2 flats 2 flats 3 flats
15ft
30ft
Version 01_TIMBER PROTOTYPE-GRID
1.5M X 1.5M GRID
5ft x 5ft
FOOTPRINT VARIATIONS (700SQ. FT, 30UNITS)
*COMMON FOOTPRINT
FOR EXISTING NT HOUSES
GRID
• Variations
• Modifiable
• Expandable
• Suitable for timber structure
• 5ft as the width smallest room e.g. toilet
• 2.25 sq.m x 30 = 67.5sq.m
• = footprint area of a house under SHP
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
Two House with individual Balconies
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
and extension of corridor
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
Two bedroom
Two bedroom
Single Corridor Single Corridor with individual Balcony
Single Corridor Single Corridor with individual Balcony
6 x 5 GRID
5 x 6 GRID
ONE HOUSE
EXTERNAL CORRIDOR
SHEAR WALL
ONE HOUSE
TWO HOUSE ATTACHED TWO HOUSE ATTACHED
TWO HOUSE ATTACHED TWO HOUSE ATTACHED
1.5M X 1.5M GRID
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
External Corridor
Shear Wall
6x5 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
5x6 grid One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
3x5 grid
5x3 grid
One House
Two bedroom
Two House Attached
Single Corridior
Two bedroom Single Corridor
Single Corridor with individual Balcony
3 x 5 GRID
5 x 3 GRID
EXTERNAL CORRIDOR
SHEAR WALL
ONE HOUSE TWO HOUSE ATTACHED
TWO HOUSE ATTACHED
1.5M X 1.5M GRID
Version 04_TIMBER PROTOTYPE-STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
1. Timber Frame
5. External Staircase 6. External fabric frame 7. Extension of timber frame 8. Finish 6 storey building
2. Timber Frame with Shear Wall 3. Shear Wall with Secondary Beam 4. Metal Decking with Concrete
Version 04_ TIMBER PROTOTYPE-STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE-9 STOREYS
HOUSES IN SOME AREA ARE ALLOWED TO EXPEND TO
9 STOREYS, THE COLUMNS OF G/F - 2/F ARE MADE BY
CONCRETE
1. Concrete column with timber beams
4. External fabric frame for 6 storey
2. Timber structure on concrete columns
5. Timber structure with bracing
3. Metal decking with concrete
6. Finish 9 storey
1. Timber Structure Frame 2. Secondary beam with cantilever 3. Shear Wall
4. Metal decking with concrete 3. Non bearing wall 4. External frabic
STRUCTURE STUDIES -
TIMBER STRUCTURE ON EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURE
Version 04_TIMBER PROTOTYPE-STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE ON EXISTING CONCRETE HOUSE
1. Timber Structure Frame
4. Metal decking with concrete
2. Secondary beam with cantilever
5. Non bearing wall
3. Shear Wall
6. External fabric
Shear Wall
G/f 1/f 2/f G/f 1/f 2/f
Shear Wall
Columns location
EXISTING HOUSES STUDIES -
VARIATION OF PLANS AND STRUCTURE
Shear Wall
G/f 1/f 2/f G/f
Shear Wall
Columns location
EXISTING HOUSES STUDIES -
VARIATION OF PLANS AND STRUCTURE
Version 04_RIMBER PROTOTYPE-STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONCRETE HOUSE
Shear Wall
Shear Wall
G/f 1/f 2/f
Columns location
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONCRETE HOUSE

1. Aluminium cover for timber column
2. Timber flooring, waterproofing membrane,
metal decking with concrete
3. Stainless steel frame for frabic
4. Timber column
5. Shear wall (Brick work)
6. 10mm rendering, waterproofing membrance
7. Reinforced concrete foundation
1
2
3
4 5
6
WALL SECTION DETAILS
4. Timber column
1
2
3
4 5
6
WALL SECTION DETAILS
4. Timber column
2
4 5
6
7
4. Timber column
4 5
6
7 1:30 WALL SECTION
Version 04_TIMBER PROTOTYPE-JOINT
R PROTOTYPE-JOINT
COLUMN-COLUMN
COLUMN-BEAM
FLOOR SYSTEM
WALL SYSTEM
1. Aluminum cover for timber column
3. Stainless steel frame for fabric
4. Timber column
6. 10mm rendering, waterproofing membrane
The Vertical Expa
by Crystal Yiu an
Version 04_TIMBER PROTOTYPE-JOINT
COLUMN-COLUMN
COLUMN-BEAM
1 TO 5 MOCK UP

SuiWanRoad
Wing Ning Wai
1600s
-From Yuen Long Kam Tin
‘Tang’ family 400 years ago.
-Houses facing North East.
-Most traditional hosues demolished
and rebuilt.
Boundary Wall
1744
For defence of pirates.
1970s onwards
-Houses under Small House Policy
-Wall-bounded housing development
-CONCRETE
1980s onwards
-Houses under Small House Policy
-Wall-bounded housing development
-STEEL/METAL SHEET
Land Types
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
SITE-WING NING WAI
VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY AND EXISTING CONDITIONS
Type 1 -
Wall Bounded Village
Indigenous Villagers
- house owner
- lived here since born
- decendents will get
Small House Grant
Houses Fence Wall Habitant Division of HouseProperty
Value
Building
Material
the original village, footprints of houses varies
Type 2 -
Village Extension
new houses under Small House Policy
Type 4 -
Pre-develop land
currently used as car park and warehouses
Type 3 -
Informal Housing Settlement
temporary houses
NON-Indigenous
Villagers
sale_
$2.5 milions
/ 500 ft
rent_
$6000
/ 500 ft
2
2
sale_
NOT FOR SALE
rent_
$2000
/ 150 ft
2
- house owner
- lived here for over 30 years
- decendents will NOT get
Small House Grant
NON- Villagers
- house tenant
Small House Grant
NON- Villagers
AND
- house owner or tenant
Small House Grant
sale_
$3 milions
/ 700 ft
rent_
$8000
/ 700 ft
2
2
1 family 1 family
1 family 2 families
1 families 3 families
Type 1 -
- house owner
Small House Grant
Value
Building
Material
Type 2 -
Village Extension
Type 3 -
temporary houses
NON-Indigenous
Villagers
sale_
$2.5 milions
/ 500 ft
rent_
$6000
/ 500 ft
2
2
- house owner
Small House Grant
NON- Villagers
AND
Small House Grant
sale_
$3 milions
/ 700 ft
rent_
$8000
/ 700 ft
2
2
1 family 1 family
Type 1 -
- house owner
Small House Grant
Value
Building
Material
Type 2 -
Village Extension
Type 4 -
Pre-develop land
currently used as car park and warehouses
Type 3 -
temporary houses
NON-Indigenous
Villagers
sale_
$2.5 milions
/ 500 ft
rent_
$6000
/ 500 ft
2
2
sale_
NOT FOR SALE
rent_
$2000
/ 150 ft
2
- house owner
Small House Grant
NON- Villagers
- house tenant
Small House Grant
NON- Villagers
AND
Small House Grant
sale_
$3 milions
/ 700 ft
rent_
$8000
/ 700 ft
2
2
1 family 1 family
1 family 2 families

圍
BOUND WALL VILLAGE
EXTERNAL SKIN
PVC Fabric
MembraneTranslucent Glass
Wood BlindPerforated Metal
Vertical Green
BambooWire Mesh
Autonomous Skin Material
Rolling Skin
Sliding Skin
AUTONOMOUS MATERIALS
EXTERNAL SKIN
SCALE 01 - VILLAGE
EXISTING FABRIC
Type A. houses in rows Type B. scattered houses SType C. pre-developed
EXTERNAL CIRCULATION
Existing house only place internal staircase for circulation which
limited their capacity for subdivision of space.
With a external corridor for the building, it can be occupied by
the user on the same floor. It can help for the subdivision if
need.
CANTILEVERED CORRIDOR

01 Inside Walled Village
replace old brick houses
by timber prototype
03 In Informal Housing Settlement
replace temporary houses
by timber prototype
narrow plan facilitating
cross-ventilation
sharing of structure
and circulation space
04 On Concrete Houses
vertical expansion of existing
concrete houses
05 Vertical Expansion
vertical expansion of
timber structures
Development Mechanism
- to avodi expelling low income tenants
SHG
02 On Empty Land
TIMBER
COLUMNS
PREPARING
FOR VERTICAL
EXPANSION
SHG
NO VERTICAL
EXPANSION
ALLOWED WITHIN
WALLED VILLAGE
FIT TO
FOOTPRINT
2x 2100 sq.ft
2x 700 sq.ft
bonus GFA
low rent
housing
+
Timber Columns Sit on
Concrete Shear Walls
Concrete Shear Wall of
Existing Houses
Steel Bracing (light-weight)
Floor Slab and
External Skin Frame
GF-2F
Concrete Columns with
Timber Beams &
Brick Shear Walls
3F-5F
Timber Columns & Beams with
Brick Shear Walls
6-Storey Building
6F-8F
Steel Bracing
9 Storey Building
PROTOTYPE VARIABLES
ADAPTIVITY OF PROTOTYPE
01 Inside Walled Village
replace old brick houses
by timber prototype
03 In Informal Housing Settlement
replace temporary houses
by timber prototype
narrow plan facilitating
cross-ventilation
sharing of structure
and circulation space
04 On Concrete Houses
vertical expansion of existing
concrete houses
05 Vertical Expansion
vertical expansion of
timber structures
Development Mechanism
- to avodi expelling low income tenants
SHG
02 On Empty Land
TIMBER
COLUMNS
PREPARING
FOR VERTICAL
EXPANSION
SHG
NO VERTICAL
EXPANSION
ALLOWED WITHIN
WALLED VILLAGE
FIT TO
FOOTPRINT
2x 2100 sq.ft
2x 700 sq.ft
bonus GFA
low rent
housing
+
Timber Columns Sit on
Concrete Shear Walls
Concrete Shear Wall of
Existing Houses
Steel Bracing (light-weight)
Floor Slab and
External Skin Frame
GF-2F
Concrete Columns with
Timber Beams &
Brick Shear Walls
3F-5F
Brick Shear Walls
6-Storey Building
6F-8F
Steel Bracing
9 Storey Building

+20 years
Bridges built on roof level or 6/f to connect two houses
in order to share the lift
GFA of some houses moved to the roof of another house
to free up open space
DEVELOPMENT OF A VILLAGE OVER TIME
VILLAGE SCALE DEVELOPMENT
+20 years
Bridges built on roof level or 6/f to connect two houses
in order to share the lift
GFA of some houses moved to the roof of another house
to free up open space
DEVELOPMENT OF A VILLAGE OVER TIME
VILLAGE SCALE DEVELOPMENT
Existing village +0 year
Introduction of timber prototype
occupying new lots
+10 years
Existing houses replaced by timber prototype
and occupy more new lots
LOCATION OF HOUSES CAREFULLY CONTROLLED
FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
+20 years
Next generation gain SHG,
VERTICAL EXPANSION of some houses
+25 years
HORIZONTAL EXPANSION to connect rooftops,
forming social islands
+30 years
Social islands are connected to form
a larger SOCAIL GROUND NETWORK
that link GF, 3F, 7F
Introduction of LIFT to facilitate expansion
and vertical circulation
Existing village +0 year
occupying new lots
+10 years
+20 years
+25 years
+30 years
sting village +0 year
occupying new lots
+10 years
+20 years
+25 years
+30 years
+20 years
+25 years
+30 years
+20 years
+25 years
+30 years
+20 years
+25 years
+30 years

EXTERNAL CORRIDOR
THE BUILDING
EXPOSED STRUCTURE MODEL
THE BUILDING
1 to 50 model

Multiple factors such as the hierachy of communities, structure of
corridor space, courtyard of enough sunlight, continuous pathway
are taken into consideration to create a better living condition for the
new village.
VERTICAL VILLAGE
Li Kaige & Xu wei

City and country have different response to the common issue of growing density due to different economical operation. City tends to expand
vertically while country is doing horizontally. When the horizontal expansion has been pushed to its limits, vertical expansion must become
a tendency to deal with the growing population.
Horizontal Expansion
Vertical Expansion
GROWING DENSITY
Sheung Shui Wai
Mostly located in New Territory; Residents from the same family; Surrounded
walls against pirates in the past; Row houses arranged in a square or rectangular
block, where the parallel rows of houses are separated by narrow lanes
WALLED VILLAGE
Kan Long Wai
Fan Ling Wai
Sheung Shui Wai
PRIMARY ALLEY :
PUBLIC
RITUAL
GATE
SECONDARY ALLEY :
SEMI-PRIVATE
COMMUNICATION
NEGOTIATION
EXTENTION
NEIGHBOURHOOD
The main axis of the village layout serves as primary alley of public circulation
with gate and ritual at the two ends. While the sencondary alley space is more
private and has more potential to become a communal space for the villagers.
ALLEY LIFE
The main axis of the village layout serves as primary alley of public circulation
with gate and ritual at the two ends. While the sencondary alley space is more
private and has more potential to become a communal space for the villagers.
ALLEY LIFE
Kan Long Wai
Sheung Shui Wai
Mostly located in New Territory; Residents from the same family; Surrounded
walls against pirates in the past; Row houses arranged in a square or rectangular
block, where the parallel rows of houses are separated by narrow lanes
WALLED VILLAGE
Kan Long Wai
Fan Ling Wai
Sheung Shui Wai
PRIMARY ALLEY :
PUBLIC
SECONDARY ALLEY :
SEMI-PRIVATE
COMMUNICATION
PRIMARY ALLEY :
PUBLIC
SECONDARY ALLEY :
SEMI-PRIVATE
COMMUNICATION
PRIMARY ALLEY
PUBLIC
SECONDARY ALLEY
PRIVATE

se
se
ar
I - 1A I - 2A
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
4500
living
room
Concrete structure of mega-columns and mega-slabs and
public staircase of every 3 floors provide platform for residents
to build their own house on. Pre-fabricated toilet unit provide
infrastructure to each house and bear shear force.
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 1
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
PUBLIC PLATFORM
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
5500 4500
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
Precast light steel is used as materials for columns and beams
which can be connected with the primary concrete structure.
Modular slabs and stairs are also prefabricated. Residents can
choose where to put the staircase as well as create double height
space based on floor plan.
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
Beam - Core Connection
Beam - Column - Slab Connection
SUB - FLOOR
SELF- BUILT HOUSE
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
SUB - FLOOR
SELF- BUILT HOUSE
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
Precast light steel is used as materials for columns and beams which
can be connected with the primary concrete structure. Modular slabs
and stairs are also prefabricated. Residents can choose where to put
the staircase as well as creat double height space based on floor plan.
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
SUB - FLOOR
SELF- BUILT HOUSE
L - 1A L - 2A
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
55004500
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
Concrete structure of mega-columns and mega-slabs and
public staircase of every 3 floors provide platform for residents
to build their own house on. Pre-fabricated toilet unit provide
infrastructure to each house and bear shear force.
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 1
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
SUB - FLOOR
PUBLIC PLATFORM
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
PROTOTYPE
Concrete structure of mega-columns and mega-slabs and public staircase
of every 3 floors provide platform for residents to build their own house
on. Pre-fabricated toilet unit provide infrastructure to each house and bear
shear force.
PUBLIC PLATFORM
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
SUB - FLOOR
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
SELF- BUILT HOUSE

L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
L-HOUSE
Two types of houses are suggested as infill, which on the ground level is of
L-shape while on the upper level is of I-shape. This can insure that each
room of the house can get light and the lower corridor can also be shined
instead of just hidden under the floor slab.
INFILL HOUSE
L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
I-HOUSE
L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
I - 1A I - 2A
L -HOUSE
I -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
4500
living bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
dining
room
kitchen
Two types of houses are suggested as infill, which on the ground level is of
L-shape while on the upper level is of I-shape. This can insure that each
room of the house can get light and the lower corridor can also be shined
instead of just hidden under the floor slab.
INFILL HOUSE
L - 1B L - 2B
5500 4500
5500
bedroom
L - 1A L - 2A
L - 1B L - 2B
L -HOUSE
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
55004500
bedroom
bedroom
5500 4500
5500
dining
room
kitchen
5500 4500
55004500
living
room
bedroom
dining
room
kitchen
AXIS ACCESS PUBLIC SPACE
A new village is propsed on the open space just next to the old walled
village as a future expansion of the old village. The main axis is extended
from the old one and parellel to the street. They also share one public
space as a communal space between the two villages.
EXPANSION OF MA WAT VILLAGE
Ma Wat Wai
Ma Wat Wai
Ma Wat Wai
Existing Expansion
of Ma Wat Wai
Ma Wat River
Proposed Expansion
of Ma Wat Wai
Ma Wat Wai

community1
community3
community2
community4
community5 community6
SkylightCollectives Corridor Massing Path
SCALE 1:400

Truss.Platform.CommunityJessica Luk & Mariane Quadros De Souza

Living room Living room
Living roomLiving room Kitchen
Kitchen Kitchen
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Living roomLiving room
Living room
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen Kitchen
Living room
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Living roomLiving room
Living room
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen Kitchen
Living room
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
Bathroom
6 m
6 m
Prototype Development
House
First house prototype study
By testing out different layout possibilities
and construction methods with this study,
we were able to understand and develop a dif-
ferent house typology that would allow for
a greater flexibility in both house organiza-
tion, and material finishes.
By looking at case studies, searching for
a new prototype method, we decided to
use truss as the main structural mate-
rial, to take advantage of its lightness and
strength.
The subdivision of the house in units and
grid would allow us to create more flexi-
bilty for the interior of the house, allowing
the user more flexibility.
Prototype construction method

Prototype Development
Community
Cluster of houses study
One house prototype that can be rotated and
combined in several different ways to provide
a 3 dimensional cluster.
In a cluster, each house would have its own
private garden and a shared one with
another house ( if they belong to the same
family). A 3 dimensional circulation would con-
nect the clusters to public communal/gather-
ing spaces for the community.
Private
Semi-private
A 3 dimensional circulation would connect the clusters to public
communal/gathering spaces for the community.

1:1500 site plan
A
B
C
2
3
1:1000 Site plan
showing various
levels of activities
G
1:3000 site section-A
Lv 1 Lv 2 Lv 3
Porosity =40%
Project
House
Porosity
The existing village house has about 40% of
porosity, while the new truss house would
be able to achieve higher percentage of poros-
ity. This would really depend on the user and
their necessities.
VILLAGE
HIGH RISE
DEVELOPMENT
SITE
-

House section showing the integra-
tion of the truss with structure and
functions of the house
possibilities of diﬀerent degrees of porosity and wall panel materials
1:50 connection details
STAIRCASE BATHROOM KITCHEN FURNITURE
The steel truss is not only the structure for the
floors and platforms, but also integrates with the
functions of the houses. The walls are freed from
being structural elements and can be varied for
different extents of porosity.

Agricultecture - Inherit and Revitalize the farming industry
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