2. WP4 Instituciones
•Índice de Ambiente Institucional
•Estructura institucional e intervenciones
para la gestión de los recursos hídricos en
cuatro países de la región Andina.
3.
4. El ambiente Institucional como un
indicador para orientar intervenciones
estratégicas en recursos hídricos.
Jorge Rubiano1, James Garcia2 y Tatiana Gutierrez3
1. Kings College London, jerubiano@gmail.com , 2. CIAT, 3. UAO
5. Cuál es el mejor suelo para mis semillas?
2nd International Forum on Food and
Water, Ethiopia 10th to 14th of November
2008
7. Qué condiciona el éxito de un proyecto en términos de su
diseminación e impacto más alla del sitio piloto de trabajo?
• What makes a project successful in terms of
dissemination and scaling up?
8. Propósito del “Scaling up”
• Incrementar de manera eficiente el impacto social y
económico de un proyecto obtenido en una escala
pequeña a un área de mayor magnitud
• To efficiently increase the socioeconomic impact of a
project from a small to a large scale of coverage”
(Hancock et al. 2003)
9. Projects Basin
8- Improving Water Productivity in Karkheh Karkheh
17- IWRM for Improved Rural Livelihoods Limpopo
Andes
20- SCALES
Nile
Indo-
23-Research Management for Sustainable livelihoods
Ganges
24- Livelihood resilience in dry areas
Karkheh
25- Companion modeling and water dynamics
Mekong
40- Integrating Governance and Modeling
Volta
Nile
46-Small multipurpose reservoir ensemble planning Limpopo
Sao
Francisco
10. Conclusiones
• A supportive environment for project development seems to be
the most crucial factor that warrants scaling up.
• Rather than biophysical, institutional scale dependency seems to
be the most critical for the studied water projects
• Institutional scale dependency was found rarely used as the
criteria for site selection.
• Indicators, planning of monitoring and evaluation methods seems
to be the more objective way to trace implementation and success
of scaling up activities.
• Budget figures for scaling up activities averaged 17% of total
budgets (capacity building, institutional reform, networking strengthening, multi-
media dissemination)
• The importance of partnerships as a strategy to scale up research is
contradictory
12. Sistemas de reglas sociales
Definición y prevalentes que
establecidas
estructuran las relaciones sociales
(Hodgson, 2006), ej: lenguaje, leyes,
firmas y otras organizaciones.
19. Tenencia de Tierra y Derechos de Propiedad
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/status-of-land-tenure-and-property-rights-2005
20. 4,E+07 1400000,0
Tenencia de la Tierra en Colombia - 2001 (Subdireccion de Catastro)
3,E+07 1200000,0
Superficie has
Propietarios
3,E+07 1000000,0
2,E+07 800000,0
has
2,E+07 600000,0
1,E+07 400000,0
5,E+06 200000,0
0,E+00 0,0
24. ECONOMIA (WTO)
4.E+09 1E+10
BOLIVIA
ECUADOR
9E+09
4.E+09
8E+09
3.E+09
7E+09
3.E+09
6E+09 1E+10
2.E+09 5E+09
AG Agricultural products Agricultural products
4E+09
2.E+09
9E+09
0.55
EXPORTS
3E+09
1.E+09
MI Fuels and mining products
2E+09
Fuels and mining products
5.E+08
1E+09
8E+09
MA Manufactures
0.E+00 0
Manufactures
1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000
AG Agricultural products 7E+09 Agricultural products
1.8E+10
PERU
3E+10
0.50
IMPORTS
COLOMBIA
1.6E+10
MI Fuels and mining products 2.5E+10
6E+09
Fuels and mining products
1.4E+10
1.2E+10 2E+10 Millions USD
MA Manufactures Manufactures
1E+10
5E+09
1.5E+10
8E+09
6E+09 1E+10
4E+09
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
4E+09
5E+09
IN THE ANDEAN REGION
1980 – 2007
2E+09
3E+09
0 0
1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000
25. Agriculture in the Economy
Agriculture as a % of GDP
35
30
25 Bolivia
Brazil
20
%
Colombia
15
Ecuador
10 Peru
5
0 % of workforce in agriculture
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
92
96
00
04
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
70
Year 60
50 Bolivia
40 Brazil
%
Colombia
30 Ecuador
20 Peru
10
0
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
Year
26. Cómo integrar lo observado a nivel Nacional
100,0 External Intervention
90,0 Factionalized Elites
80,0 Security Apparatus
70,0 Human Rights
60,0
Public Services
Delegitimization of the
50,0
State
Economic Decline
40,0
Uneven Economic
30,0 Development
Human Flight
20,0
Group Grievance
10,0
Refugees and IDPs
0,0
Demographic Pressures
Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru
27.
28.
29. Public and private debt in the Andes
50 000.0
45 000.0
40 000.0
35 000.0
Millones de dólares
30 000.0
BOLIVIA
25 000.0 COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
20 000.0
PERU
15 000.0
10 000.0
5 000.0
0.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Fuente, Ministerios de Hacienda de cada país
31. Ministerio del Ambiente ,
Vivienda y Desarrollo
Territorial
Politicas del Gobierno del orden
Corporaciones Regionales Instituciones
de Desarrollo CARs Departamental
AcuerdosCentral
Internacionales
Organismos no Instituciones del
Gubernamentales orden Municipal
Juntas de
Juntas de Asociaciones
Acción de Productores
Agua
Comunal
34. Como es el comportamiento manifiesto de las
instituciones a escalas internas de cada país?
COUNTRY NO. OF ADMIN NO OF
UNITS PROVINCES
COLOMBIA 1128 33
ECUADOR 1000 25
PERU 1814 25
BOLIVIA 316 9
35. Nivel de frecuencia de las variables
140
120
100
80 Canton
60 Depto
40 Municipal
20
0
Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru
36. 80
70
Tematica de la
60 Variable y su nivel
50 administrativo
40
Municipal
Depto
Canton
30
20
10
0
38. INDICE DE AMBIENTE INSTITUCIONAL
Variables consideradas
•Sociales
Medidas de Pobreza (UBN and Poverty lines), Estado actual
de la educación, salud (Chronic and Total Malnutrition),
demografia, infraestructura de servicios públicos,
inversión en componentes sociales y no sociales
(including potable water and irrigation)
•Económicas
Consumo Per capita, infraestructura financiera.
•Políticas
Desplazamiento, muertes violentas
39. IEI-Col = ∑ (A+B+C+D+E)/5
A = No_Finance_Institutions
B = Total_enrolled_Students (2005)
Composed representation of
C = Health_Investment (2006)
D = Potable_Water_Investment (2006) key characteristics of
E = Total_displaced_People_received (2001-2007)
IEI-Ecu ∑ (2(A+B)+C+D+E)/5
A = Iliteracy_rate
B = Unsatisfied_Basic_Needs
C = Global_malnutrition_in_kids<5
D = %_Poor_below_PovLine
E = %_poor_below_extreme_PovLine
IEI-Per = ∑ {(A+B+C+D+E+F) – (G+H+I)}/5 Social
A = No_kids_primary_school_completed
B = No_kids_primary_school_finished_on_time
C = No_educated_kids_between_4&5
D = No_educated_kids_between_12&16
E = No_young_Secondary_School_completed
F = No_young_Secondary_School_finished_on_time
G = Malnutrition_rate (1999)
H = pople_no_electricity
I = Adult_Iliteracy_rate (2005)
IEI-Bol = ∑ (A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H)/5
A = Education_Units
Economic Political
B = No_of_teaching_rooms
C = Human_Development_Index (2001)
E = PerCapita_compsumption_USD-Year (2001)Institutional
D = Yearly_Average_expenditure
F = Social_Investments_USD (2006)
Environment Index
G = Non_Social_Invest_USD (2006)
H = No_Finance_Institutions
Tough conditions,
High : 9.4
bigger effort
*
Less difficult
Low : -2.4
* Standardize for the four countries, main capitals excluded
40. INDICE DE AMBIENTE
INSTITUCIONAL PARA COLOMBIA
IEI-Col = ∑ (A+B+C+D+E)/5
A = No_Finance_Institutions
B = Total_enrolled_Students (2005)
C = Health_Investment (2006)
D = Potable_Water_Investment (2006)
E = Total_displaced_People_received (2001-2007)
41. 4,0000 4,0000
3,0000 3,0000
2,0000 2,0000
1,0000 1,0000
0,0000 0,0000
iai
iai
-1,0000 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 -1,0000 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0
-2,0000 -2,0000
-3,0000 -3,0000
-4,0000 -4,0000
T_Anf T_desg
Tasa de Analfabetismo Tasa de Desigualdad
4,0000 4,0000
3,0000 3,0000
2,0000 2,0000
1,0000 1,0000
0,0000
iai
0,0000
iai
-1,0000 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 -1,0000 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0 100,0 120,0
-2,0000 -2,0000
-3,0000 -3,0000
-4,0000 -4,0000
epooper_p T_nbi
% de Poblacion pobre bajo la linea de pobreza extrema Necesidades Básicas Insatisffechas
RELACION ENTRE EL IAI Y ALGUNAS DE LAS VARIABLES USADAS Y NO EN SU CALCULO,
ECUADOR