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Objec&ve
2.12:
Proteins

•    Iden&fy
the
monomers
and
polymers.

•    Compare
and
contrast
general
molecular
structure.

•    Provide
specific
examples.

•    Iden&fy
dietary
sources.


•    Discuss
physiological
and
structural
roles
in
the
human
body.

Proteins

•  Proteins
give
structure
to
the
body,
regulate

   processes,
provide
protec&on,
help
muscles
to

   contract,
transport
substances,
and
serve
as

   enzymes.


•  Contain
carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen,
and

   nitrogen

Proteins

•  Constructed
from
combina&ons
of
20
amino

   acids.

    –  dipep&des
formed
from
2
amino
acids

       joined
by
a
covalent
bond
called
a
pep&de

       bond

    –  polypep&des
chains
formed
from
10
to
2000

       amino
acids.


      •  Pep&de
=
10
–
100
amino
acids
(aa)

      •  Protein
=
100+
amino
acids

4
Components
of
an
Amino
Acid

•  Central
carbon
atom

•  Amino
group
(NH2)

•  Carboxyl
group
(COOH)

•  Side
chains
(R
groups)
vary

   between
amino
acids

•  4
classes
of
side
chains:


     –  Nonpolar

     –  Polar

     –  Acidic

     –  Basic

Phys 02 12 Protein
Forma&on
of
a
Dipep&de
Bond





•  Dipep&des
formed
from
2
amino
acids
joined
by
a
covalent

   bond
called
a
pep&de
bond

    –  dehydra&on
synthesis

•  Polypep&des
chains
contain
10
to
2000
amino
acids.

A
Few
Roles
of
Proteins

•  Enzymes:
catalyze
chemical
reac&ons

•  An&bodies:
immune
response

•  Transporters:
move
material
into
and
out
of
a

   cell,
through
the
body

•  Channels:
move
material
into
and
out
of
a
cell

•  Cytoskeleton:
support
the
cell

•  Hormones
&
Receptors:
signaling
and

   regula&on,
maintain
homeostasis


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Phys 02 12 Protein