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New deal
- 2. New Deal - Entering WWII
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- Rugged indiv - self help, - good times just around the corner only charity is from churches and private org. not gov keep budget balanced - allow overproduction to lower prices, and then supply will be prucahsed prosperity just around the corner Tariff raise is called Hawley smoot tariff of 1930 - backfires hoovers aid - top down - banks lend to businesesenss blamed Europe for our troubles - stopped buying american goods, increased tariffs Bonus army vets who want their bonuss for serving in WWI now camped out in Washington - tear gassed- routed by MacArthur
- Much of the new deal was passed in first 100 days until 1935 Hoover was sitting or lame duck president from election in Nov 32 until inauguration so president takes office on Jan 20 Braiin trust were advisors that he used from days in New York diverse group Democratic congress passes every law he suggests Bank Holidy - to prevent further bank closings repeal prohibition to collect luxury tax Fireside chats to re-assure people Recovery - Emergency bank relief Act - gove will examine banks health FDIC all deposts are guaranteed up to 5,000 - TRUST!!! HOMEOWNERS LOAN CORP Farm credit Administration for unemployed people - PWA, CCCc(Civilian conservation corps - men work on federallands nad pay monthly sums, TVA tennesse valley authority - build dams Industrial recovery - NRA (national Recovery Administration) sets ages and hours, levels of production and prices of finished goods(directed by hugh Johnson) cancelled by Schechter v US SEC, Federal House Second new deal - WPA - Wagner Act - 1935 - Social Security Act
- AFL - skilled workers - craft unions, new unions organized all workers skileld and unskilled, in other industiries like automobiels, and coal. Led by John L Lewis - formed the CIO(Committee for Industrial Organziation (CIO) within the AFL 1937 - CIO became ita separate union CIO - included women, blacks, and imigrants - many sit-down strikes took place
- Dawes act still forcing indians toassimilate, forced them to be landowners, indians lost additional 90 million acres - passed in 1934 - the Indian Re-oganization Act(also called the Wheeler-Howard Act) - - allows indians self-grovernment, as well as allowing their own lagnuage, and religious freedom, and customs Beuar of indian affairs allows for Native american children of indans to be educated. BLACKS - - fdr DID not fight for civil rights, did not want to lose Dem votes in south, did not abolish the poll tax, or antilynching laws. But appointed Blacks to posts, 40% of Africans Americans received help. The Black Cabinet was first known as the Federal Council of Negro Affairs , an informal group of African-American public policy advisors to United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt . It was supported by the first lady Eleanor Roosevelt . By mid-1935, there were 45 African Americans working in federal executive departments and New Deal agencies. Latino -= Women -
- From the left - new deal doing too much for business, failed to address minorities and women Schechter - codes of fair competition were equivalent to legislation - rules that congress had exceeded its power in regulating interstate commerce - he had no interstate dealings, so congress had no authority to regulate it In US v butler - AAA - paid farmers to leave fallow 1/4 to 1/2 of their acerage 0 to pay for this, they taxed certain food processers - fruit, veg, meat and canners, court rules it cannot take money from e group to pay for the other, to get around this, he passed a second AAA which was funded from general tax revenue, it was ok From the right - gov has too much power, pro-union stance , and deficit financing American liberty league formed out of anti-new dealers, some dems included COURT PACKING - for every 70 year old, an additional would be added up to 15 new blood needed for modern complexities.
- Didn’t bring out of recession, not enough was spent led the way to modern day government intervention and Keynesian economics Risky - broke new ground made dem party one of inclusion, blacks minorities and ethnic groups, farmers. New majroity Mistakes - cut new deal too early and too quickly no support for civil rights for blacks did not support anti-lynching legislation targeted at southern states Welfare, social security, regulation of banks and stock markets(SEC), FDIC most radical is TVA 1933 - federal debt use is radical STILL WAS HORRIBLE RECESSION IN 1938 !!!
- 12.5 mil(1932) - 9 Mil(1939) not much increased from 16 bil in 1930 - to 42 bil in 1940 increased from 3% of GNP to 15% of gnp , pulss s money away from private sector, more taxes on wealthy, less capital for private investment never dismantled size f gov since In winter of 1937 - social security tax, took purchasing power from people, decreases spending even more, trying to reduce spending, and balance budget, , started to curtail expenditures for relief and public works. Lost steam with court packing - reduced dem domination I congress, fears of foreign aggression