Final project powerpoint template (fndprg) (1)

FINAL REQUIREMENT
Programming

http://eglobiotraining.com

Topics in Programming
1. Looping

2. Switch Case


SWITCH CASE STATEMENT
• In programming, a switch, case, select or inspect statement
is a type of selection control mechanism that exists in
most imperative programming languages such
as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, Java, and so on. It is also included
in several other types of Programming languages. Its
purpose is to allow the value of a variable or expression to
control the flow of program execution via a multiway
branch (or "go to", one of several labels). The main reasons
for using a switch include improving clarity, by reducing
otherwise repetitive coding, and (if the heuristics permit)
also offering the potential for faster execution through
easier compiler optimization in many cases.


• Switch case statements are a substitute for long if statements that
compare a variable to several "integral" values ("integral" values are
simply values that can be expressed as an integer, such as the value
of a char). The basic format for using the switch case in the
programming is outlined below. The value of the variable given into
switch is compared to the value following each of the cases, and
when one value matches the value of the variable, the computer
continues executing the program from that point.
• The switch-case statement is a multi-way decision statement.
Unlike the multiple decision statement that can be created using if-
else, the switch statement evaluates the conditional expression and
tests it against numerous constant values. The branch
corresponding to the value that the expression matches is taken
during execution.


• Switch is used to choose a fragment of template
depending on the value of an expression
• This has a similar function as the If condition - but it is
more useful in situations when there is many possible
values for the variable. Switch will evaluate one of
several statements, depending on the value of a given
variable. If no given value matches the variable, the
default statement is executed.
• The value of the expressions in a switch-case statement
must be an ordinal type
i.e. integer, char, short, long, etc. Float and double are
not allowed.

Example of switch case IN C
PROGRAMMING
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
void welcome();
char getChar();
void displayResponse(char choice);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char choice; // declares the choice variable
welcome(); // This calls the welcome function
choice = getChar(); // calls getChar and returns the value for choice
displayResponse(choice); // passes choice to displayResponse function

system("PAUSE");
return 0;
} // end main
// welcome function displays an opening message to
// explain the program to the user
void welcome()
{
cout << "This program displays different messages dependingn";
cout << "on which letter is entered by the user.n";
cout << "Pick a letter a, b, c or d to see whatn";
cout << "the program will say.nn";
} // end of welcome function
// getChar asks the user for a letter a, b or c.
// The character is returned to where the function was called.
char getChar()
{
char response; // declares variable called response
cout << "Please type a letter a, b, c and d: "; // prompt for letter
cin >> response; // gets input from user and assigns it to response
return response; // sends back the response value
} // end getChar function
// displayResponse function takes the char variable and uses it
// to determine which set of tasks will be performed.
void displayResponse(char choice)
{
char again; http://eglobiotraining.com

Running switch case IN C
PROGRAMMING


LOOPING
• There may be a situation when you need to execute a block
of code several number of times. In general statements are
executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is
executed first, followed by the second, and so on.

• Programming languages provide various control structures
that allow for more complicated execution paths.
• A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group
of statements multiple times and following is the general
from of a loop statement in most of the programming
languages.


LOOPING
• C++ programming language provides following
types of loop to handle looping requirements:
a.) “FOR” LOOP
b.) “WHILE” LOOP
c.) “DO WHILE” LOOP


"FOR” LOOP
• A for loop is a repetition control structure that
allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs
to execute a specific number of times.
• The statements in the for loop repeat
continuously for a specific number of
times. The while and do-while loops repeat until
a certain condition is met. The for loop repeats
until a specific count is met. Use a for loop when
the number of repetition is know, or can be
supplied by the user.


EXAMPLE OF FOR LOOPING IN
C PROGRAMMING
• #include <iostream>
• #include <cmath>
• using namespace std;

• //prototype
• int fallingdistance();

• //main function
• int main()
• {
• int count = 1 ;
• int time;
• double distance ;
• cout << "Please enter time in 1 through 10 seconds.nn";
•
• time = fallingdistance();
•
• while ( time < 1 || time > 10)
• { cout << "Must enter between 1 and 10 seconds, please re-enter.n";
• time = fallingdistance();


RUNNING FOR LOOP IN IN C
PROGRAMMING


“WHILE” LOOP
• The while loop allows programs to repeat a
statement or series of statements, over and
over, as long as a certain test condition is true.
• The while loop can be used if you don’t know
how many times a loop must run.
• A while loop statement repeatedly executes a
target statement as long as a given condition
is true.


EXAMPLE OF WHILE LOOP IN C
PROGRAMMING
#include <iostream.h>

int main(void) {
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
bool validNumber = false;

while (validNumber == false) {
cout << "Please enter an integer between 1 and 10: ";
cin >> x;
cout << "You entered: " << x << endl << endl;

if ((x < 1) || (x > 10)) {
cout << "Your value for x is not between 1 and 10!"
<< endl;
cout << "Please re-enter the number!" << endl << endl;
}
else
validNumber = true;
}

cout << "Thank you for entering a valid number!" << endl;

return 0;
• }


RUNNING WHILE LOOP IN C
PROGRAMMING


“DO WHILE” LOOP
• In most computer programming languages, a do while
loop, sometimes just called a while loop, is a control
flow statement that allows code to be executed once based
on a given Boolean condition.
• The do while construct consists of a process symbol and a
condition. First, the code within the block is executed, and
then the condition is evaluated. If the condition is true the
code within the block is executed again. This repeats until
the condition becomes false. Because do while loops check
the condition after the block is executed, the control
structure is often also known as a post-test loop. Contrast
with the while loop, which tests the condition before the
code within the block is executed.


“DO WHILE” LOOP
• Unlike for and while loops, which test the loop
condition at the top of the loop, the do...while loop
checks its condition at the bottom of the loop.
• A do...while loop is similar to a while loop, except that
a do...while loop is guaranteed to execute at least one
time.
• The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, except
that the test condition occurs at the end of the
loop. Having the test condition at the end, guarantees
that the body of the loop always executes at least one
time.


EXAMPLE OF A DO WHILE LOOP
IN C PROGRAMMING
• #include <iostream>
• using namespace std;
• main()
• { int num1, num2;
• char again = 'y';

• while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y') {
• cout << "Enter a number: ";
• cin >> num1;
• cout << "Enter another number: ";
• cin >> num2;
• cout << "Their sum is " << (num1 + num2) << endl;
• cout << "Do you want to do this again? ";
• cin >> again; }
• return 0;
• }


RUNNING DO WHILE LOOP IN C
PROGRAMMING


Final project powerpoint template (fndprg) (1)

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