Disaster Risk Reduction and Management and Earthquake Preparedness - Davao
1. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management and Earthquake Preparedness
for Brokenshire College of Toril
September 20, 2013
Davao City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
CENTRAL 911 Compound, Sandawa, Matina, Davao City
2. After Pacific countries Tonga and Vanuatu,
the Philippines ranks as the third most
disaster-prone country in the world.
High exposure to natural calamities
Geographical locations of the country
3. • the systematic process of using administrative directives,
organizations and operational skills and capacities to implement
strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to
lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of
disaster. (Republic Act 10121, May 27, 2010)
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management . . . . .Disaster Risk Reduction and Management . . . . .
Training and Education in DRR
Integration of DRR Education in School Curricula at the secondary
and Tertiary Levels, NSTP, Sangguniang Kabataan. Mandatory
Training on DRR for Public Sector Employees including formal and
non-formal vocational, indigenous learning and out-of-school youth
courses and programs (sec. 13)
4. A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic or environmental
losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of
the affected community or society to cope using
its own resources.
DISASTER
6. Man-made disasters is a disaster resulting from human
intent, negligence, or error. The results are usually wide
scale destruction, and high cost.
7. (e.g. flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption,(e.g. flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption,
strong winds, typhoon, drought, tsunami)strong winds, typhoon, drought, tsunami)
A natural disaster is the effect of a natural
hazard.
8. Four Theories of
Disaster
1. Disaster as an Act of God - were viewed as divine
retribution for human misdeeds and failings. Thus, the old
biblical idea of disasters as Acts of God include the notion of a
God acting in response to human failings(for example, in
explanations of the epidemic of HIV, is just punishment for
behavior they see as immoral.” “catastrophic” earthquake, as
God’s way of controlling the relentless rise of population.”
9. 2. Disaster as an Act of Nature
“Natural disasters have come to be seen as random,
morally inert phenomena -- chance events that lie
beyond the control of human beings.
“stuff that happens” – get used to it.
10. 3. Disaster as intersection of society and nature
disasters are the result of human activities, not of
natural or super natural forces. Disasters are simply
the collapse of cultural protections; thus, they are
principally man-made. Mankind is responsible for the
consequences of his actions as well as of his
omissions.”
•Humans putting themselves in the way of hazards are to blame.
11. •Inequalities in risk (and opportunity)
are largely a function of the principal
systems of power operating in all
societies, which are normally analyzed
in terms of class, gender, and
ethnicity.”
4. Disaster as Avoidable Human Creation
It is the weaker groups in society that suffer worst from disasters: the poor (especially),
the very young and the very old, women, the disabled, and those who are marginalized.
12. Cascading Effects of
Disaster
Breakdown in Community Assets
Spread of Diseases
Business disruption, economic
loss, livelihood, loss of jobs
Societal Disorder
13. Regardless of what
theories or type of
disaster will emerged it is
still our responsibility as
stakeholders to institute
different strategies.
Safer, adaptive and disaster
resilient Davao City
communities towards a
sustainable development . . . . .
What we Aim for?
14. Disasters happen. Some can never be prevented.
But their effects to lives and properties can be
mitigated.
15. refers to the likelihood over specified time period of
severe alterations in the normal functioning of a
community or a society due to hazardous physical
event interacting with vulnerable social conditions,
leading to widespread adverse human, material,
economic or environmental effects that requires
immediate emergency response to satisfy critical
human needs and that may require external support
for recovery.
Disaster Risk
17. Hazard -
A dangerous
phenomenon,
substance, human
activity or
condition that
may cause loss of
life , injury or
other health
impacts, property
damage, loss of
livelihood and
services, social
and economic
disruption or
environmental
damage.
19. Exposure - The degree to which the
elements at risk are likely
to experience hazards
events of different
magnitude.
20. Exposure is the total value of
elements at-risk. It is expressed as
the number of human lives, and
value of the properties, that can
potentially be affected by hazards.
Exposure is a function of the
geographic location of the
elements
22. Davao City, its Hazards and Threats
Total Land Area :244,000 has. or 2,440 sq kms.
No. of Barangays : 182 (92 Rural and 90 Urban)
Let’s study our
disaster situation
Davao City (Dakbayan sa Dabaw)
is a City in Mindanao. It is the
regional center for Davao Region.
As of 2011 it had an estimated
population of 1,530,365, making
it the fourth-most-populous city
in the Philippines.
24. Major Watersheds of Davao City
Watershed
Total
Area
(Has)
Area in
Davao
City
(Has)
No. of
Brgys
Tuganay Watershed 74,747 18,120 2
Lasang River 45,390 29,132 8
Bunawan River 25,213 18,328 21
Davao River
Watershed 175,776 121,385 91
Matina River 7,879 7,879 10
Talomo Watershed 21,578 21,578 26
Lipadas Watershed 16,796 16,796 19
Sibulan River 28,213 10,782 5
TOTAL 395,592 244,000 182
* No. of barangays based on dominant land area within the watershed
25. Population By Watershed
Watershed
Total
Area
(Has)
Area in
Davao
City
(Has)
No.
of
Brgys
Pop’n
(2010)
HHs
(2010)
Women
(18-64)
Children
(0-17)
Tuganay
Watershed
74,747 18,120 2 8,278 1,670 1,456 3,582
Lasang River 45,390 29,132 8 17,032 3,539 3,037 6,911
Bunawan River 25,213 18,328 21 369,336 84,437 85,904 120,215
Davao River
Watershed
175,776 121,385 91 528,501 124,258 124,516 192,402
Matina River 7,879 7,879 10 124,268 28,568 27,313 36,210
Talomo Watershed 21,578 21,578 26 275,110 62,870 52,896 84,767
Lipadas Watershed 16,796 16,796 19 112,570 25,909 23,539 39,129
Sibulan River 28,213 10,782 5 14,201 3,222 2,778 5,622
TOTAL 395,592 244,000 182 1,449,296 334,473 321,439 488,838
* No. of barangays, population, household, women and children based on dominant land area within the watershed
26. GeneralGeneral
Land Use MapLand Use Map
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ULA
SASA
WAAN
MA-A
BATO
EDEN
BUDA
AGDAO
TORIL
ILANG
WINES
SIRIB
DUMOY
MULIG
SALOY
TAPAK
BANTOL
BUCANA
TUGBOK
TALOMO
BAGUIO
BALIOK
WANGAN
LACSON
LASANG
ACACIA
MANDUG
LANGUB
MINTAL
KILATE
LIZADA
FATIMA
SUAWAN
CARMEN
MAPULA
LUMIAD
MALAMBA
MALAMBA
SUMIMAO
DOMINGA
GUMITAN
MALAMBA
BUNAWAN
MABUHAY
CATIGAN
CALINAN
MALAGOS
CAWAYAN
ANGALAN
SUBASTA
LAMANAN
DACUDAO CALLAWA
MAHAYAG
MUDIANG
PANACAN
TIGATTO
PANGYAN
MAGTUOD
TACUNAN
CAMANSI
LUBOGAN
TAGLUNO
ALAMBRE
BAYABAS
SIRAWAN
BINUGAO
TIBULOY
TAMUGAN
SIBULAN
MARILOG
COLOSAS
PAÑALUM
MALABOG
DALAGDAG
BUHANGIN
GATUNGAN
COMMUNAL
GUMALANG
TAGAKPAN
TIBUNGCO
INDANGAN
PAMPANGA
TAGURANO
ATAN-AWE
TAMAYONG
CADALIAN
SALAYSAY
POBLACION
INAYANGAN
LAMPIANAO
CABANTIAN
TALANDANG
RIVERSIDE
TUNGKALAN
MARAPANGI
BARACATAN
PAQUIBATO
BAGANIHAN
TAMBOBONG
MAGSAYSAY
SALAPAWAN
PANDAITAN
MANAMBULAN
BALENGAENG
SAN ISIDRO
LOS AMIGOS
NEW CARMEN
MEGKAWAYAN
DALAG LUMOT
BAGO OSHIRO
MATINA BIAO
BAGO APLAYA
NEW DALIAON
TAWAN-TAWAN
BAGO GALLERA
TALOMO RIVER
NEW VALENCIA
BIAO GUIANGA
BIAO ESCUELA
MATINA PANGI
DATU SALUMAY
MANUEL GUINGA
MATINA APLAYA
PARADISE EMBAC
CROSSING BAYABAS
CATALUNAN GRANDE
CATALUNAN PEQUEÑO AGRICULTURAL AND PASTURE LAND (AG)
CONSERVATION ZONE (CZ)
FOREST ZONE (FZ)
c. PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT (PUD)
d. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ZONE (TDZ)
b. URBAN AREA
a. RURAL SETTLEMENT AREA!
BUILT-UP AREA
Classification AREA (Has.) % of Total
Built-up / Settlement Area 36,916.74 15.13
Agricultural 163,936.26 67.19
Forest ( Rehabilitation / 27,626.00 11.32
Agro-Forestry )
Conservation 15,521.00 6.36
TOTAL 244,000.00 100.00
27. Hazard Areas Total Area
Within Built-up
areas (Has)
Hydro-meteorological hazards :
High Susceptibility - Floods 7,546 1,377
High & Very High Susceptibility – Landslide 151,289 788
Very High Susceptibility – Erosion 103,245 571
Geologic Hazards :
Liquefaction Prone 216,867 6,163
• A total of 1,377 hectares of the 13,000 hectares built-up
areas of Davao are within areas that are considered to be
highly susceptible to flooding.
• There are 788 hectares of built-up areas that are within
areas that are considered highly and very highly susceptible
to landslides.
• A total of 1,377 hectares of the 13,000 hectares built-up
areas of Davao are within areas that are considered to be
highly susceptible to flooding.
• There are 788 hectares of built-up areas that are within
areas that are considered highly and very highly susceptible
to landslides.
28. A 60-km. coast line with 26 thickly populated barangays
40% of Davao City’s
population is within this
areas
29. A sudden and violent shaking
of the ground, sometimes
causing great destruction, as a
result of movements within
the earth's crust or volcanic
action
31. Floodings/Flashfloods
Flooding occurs most commonly from
heavy rainfall when natural watercourses
do not have the capacity to convey excess
water. However, floods are not always
caused by heavy rainfall. They can result
from other phenomenon, particularly in
coastal areas where inundation can be
caused by a storm surge .
32. January 4, 2002
No. of Affected:No. of Affected: 20,807 families
85,488 dependents
No. of Casualties:No. of Casualties: 7 dead
18 injured
1 missing
No. of Houses Damaged:No. of Houses Damaged: 157 totally
482 partially
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
• Dead – 30
• Missing – 1
• Direct Cost – PhP Ms
• Indirect Cost – 50.5M
June 28, 2011
January 19, 2013
7,438 Families
29,808 Dependents
33. Landslides Landslides occur when the
stability of a slope changes from a stable
to an unstable condition. A change in the
stability of a slope can be caused by a
number of factors, acting together or
alone. Natural causes of landslides
include:
groundwater (porewater) pressure acting
to destabilize the slope
34. Ground Rupture
The movement of the ground
along one side of a Fault
relative to the other side,
caused by an earthquake.
35. Monsoon/Sea Swell
A wind system that influences
large climatic regions and reverses
direction seasonally.
36. A warming of the surface water of
the eastern and central Pacific
Ocean, occurring every 4 to 12
years and causing unusual global
weather patterns.
El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation, is a band
of anomalously warm ocean water
temperatures that occasionally develops off
the western coast of South America and can
cause climatic changes across the Pacific
Ocean. The 'Southern Oscillation' refers to
variations in the temperature of the surface of
the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean
38. TSM
What causes lightning?
Lightning is produced in
thunderstorms when liquid and ice
particles above the freezing level
collide, and build up large electrical
fields in the clouds. Once these
electric fields become large
enough, a giant "spark" occurs
between them (or between them
and the ground) like static
electricity, reducing the charge
separation. The lightning spark can
occur between clouds, between the
cloud and air, or between the cloud
and ground.
43. The frequency, intensity and variability of
natural and human-induced hazards and
other vulnerabilities have heightened the
compelling need for everybody to adopt
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(DRRM) and Climate Change Adaptation
(CCA)
The frequency, intensity and variability of
natural and human-induced hazards and
other vulnerabilities have heightened the
compelling need for everybody to adopt
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(DRRM) and Climate Change Adaptation
(CCA)
44. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITYPERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY::
We can make a differenceWe can make a difference……
changing attitudes….changing attitudes….
knowing hazards…knowing hazards…
doing something to minimizedoing something to minimize
the hazardsthe hazards
46. Does your institution has an existing Disaster Action Team/Safety Committee?
If yes, is it functional?
Do we have a Preparedness Plan in the event of any disaster?
Do we have an Emergency Response Plans?
Are there personnel/employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or rescue?
Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other emergency
paraphernalia?
Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
Do we conduct disaster/emergency drills regularly?
Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the institution?
48. DISASTER
RESPONSE
The provision of
emergency services
and public assistance
during or immediately
after a disaster in
order to save lives,
reduce health impacts,
ensure public safety
and meet the basic
subsistence needs of
the people affected.
Focused on immediate
and short-
term needs, and it is
sometimes called
DISASTER
RISK
REDUCTION
A systematic effort to
analyze and manage
the causes of
disasters by reducing
vulnerabilities and
enhancing capacities
in order to lessen the
adverse impacts of
hazards and
probability of disaster.
Before
Now
49. Under the old law (PD 1566), Disaster Management
centered only around the hazard and the impacts of
a
disaster. It is assumed that disasters cannot be
avoided.
Most of the plans were on the provision of relief
goods and
rehabilitation of damaged infrastructures. The
government’s response to disaster was focused on
disaster
response. Both the national and local governments
were
REACTIVE to disasters.
Development will remain backwards if this
continued. The
new law (RA 10121) comes at a time when the
Philippine
grapples for answers to the ever increasing risk of
The Rationale for a NEW LAW
52. Preparedness
Response
Rehabilitation &
Recovery
Prevention &
Mitigation
Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable development
’80’s
DP
PD 1566
’90’s – 2003
DM
RA 1760
2004 – 2010
DRM
HFA
2010 – now
DRR
RA 10121
Prevention &
Mitigation
Response
Rehabilitation &
Recovery
Preparedness
War Mode
DR
Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
53. Preparedness
Response
Rehabilitation &
Recovery
Prevention &
Mitigation
Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable development
Risk Factors
Hazards
Exposures
Vulnerabilities
Capacities
Mainstreaming
DRR and CCA in
planning and
implementation
’80’s
DP
PD 1566
’90’s – 2003
DM
RA 1760
2004 – 2010
DRM
HFA
2010 – now
DRR
RA 10121
Prevention &
Mitigation
Response
Rehabilitation &
Recovery
Preparedness
War Mode
DR
Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
54. Mitigation
Objective: Reduce the
vulnerability of elements at
risk
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
HAZARD:
Natural & Man-made
EXPOSURE:
• Unsafe condition
• CLUP
• Zoning
• Mapping
Mitigation – structural and non-
structural measures undertaken to
limit the adverse impact of natural
hazards, environmental degradation,
and technological hazards and to
ensure the ability of at-risk
communities to address
vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing
the impact of disasters.
55. Mitigating strategies
• Nonstructural mitigation
Strategies that involve other risk reduction and risk
transfer activities.
• Structural mitigation
Strategies that involve the use of engineered safety
features to provide protection from disaster impacts.
ASPECT OF MITIGATIONASPECT OF MITIGATION::
57. • Watershed Code of Davao City
(2007)
• Ordinance Maximizing the Use
of Rainwater in Davao City
(2009)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
58. An Ordinance providing for an Ecological Solid Waste Management,
Prohibiting certain Acts and providing Penalties for violations, and for
Other purposes. (2010)
Shrine Hills – Declared as Protected Area
June 24, 2013
59. WHAT ELSE HAS TO BE DONE
On Prevention and Mitigation
• Retreat
(relocate away from hazard)
• Defend (live with hazard)
1. Structural
o De-silt portion of Rivers
o Putting up dikes and other structural measures
o Re-channel outlet of Rivers.
60. Mitigation
Objective: Reduce the
vulnerability of elements at
risk
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
HAZARD:
Natural & Man-made
VULNERABILITY:
• People
- Poverty
- Economic system
- Limited access to
resources
• Institution
EXPOSURE:
• Unsafe condition
• CLUP
• Zoning
• Mapping
Objective: reduce losses that may
result from future disasters by
constructing scenarios to deal with
given disaster.
Preparedness
61. Preparedness – pre-disaster actions and measures being undertaken within the
context of disaster risk reduction and management and are based on sound risk
analysis as well as pre-disaster activities to avert or minimize loss of life and
property.
….. It includes organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard
mapping, insuring of assets and public information and education initiatives.
62. DISASTER ACTION TEAM
• a disaster team organized in schools, offices,
establishments and institutions that is
tasked to implement activities in line with
the disaster risk reduction and management
framework of the government to lessened or
minimize the impact of disaster/emergency.
63. Team Leader
Info & Warning Evac & Trans Scty & Traffic Fire Fighting
Rescue & FA Damage Control/
Salvage
ATL
Disaster Action Team/Safety Committee Organization
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR EMERGENCYORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR EMERGENCY
RESPONSERESPONSE
64. A. Information & Warning
• Activates warning system & calls for assistance;
• Ensures everybody understands warning signals; etc.
B. Rescue / First Aid
• Conducts rescue operations and administers first aid; etc.
C. Evacuation & Transportation
• Ensures safe and orderly conduct of evacuation;
• Designates evacuation routes to assembly area;
• Facilitates transport of victims to medical facilities; etc.
FUNCTIONS OF DAT ACTION GROUPSFUNCTIONS OF DAT ACTION GROUPS::
65. D. Security & Traffic
• Secures all entrances & exits from undesirable elements;
• Ensures safety of assets;
• Maintains smooth flow of traffic; etc.
E. Damage Control / Salvage
• Evacuates/Salvages equipment & other assets; etc.
•.Clearing of scene of disaster after the events
F. Fire Fighting
• Suppresses fire; etc.
FUNCTIONS OF DAT ACTION GROUPSFUNCTIONS OF DAT ACTION GROUPS::
66. Mitigation
Rehabilitation
Objective: Reduce the
vulnerability of elements at
risk
Objective: ensure survival of a
maximum number of people
affected and stabilize the
situation as rapidly as possible to
re-establish essential services.
Objective: get the
population back to
normal life.
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
“Be Better; Build Better”
HAZARD:
Natural & Man-made
EXPOSURE:
• Unsafe condition
• CLUP
• Zoning
• Mapping
Objective: reduce losses that may
result from future disasters by
constructing scenarios to deal with
given disaster.
Response
Preparedness
67. Response – any concerted effort by two(2) or more agencies, public or private, to provide
assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation
and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the restoration of essential public
activities and facilities.
70. A sudden and violent shaking
of the ground, sometimes
causing great destruction, as a
result of movements within
the earth's crust or volcanic
action
71. • Produced by sudden
movement along faults
and plate boundaries
• Produced by
movement of magma
beneath volcanoes
Volcanic
Tectonic
Common Types of Earthquake
72. RP’s Geographical Location
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large
number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
About 90% of the world's earthquakes and
81%of the world's largest earthquakes occur
along the Ring of Fire.
The Ring of Fire has 452
volcanoes and is home to over
75% of the world's active and
dormant volcanoes.
74. perceived strength of an
earthquake based on
relative effect to people
and structures; generally
higher near the epicenter
based on instrumentally derived
information and correlates strength with
the amount of total energy released at
the earthquake’s
point of origin
Two ways of describing the strength of anTwo ways of describing the strength of an
earthquakeearthquake
1. Intensity
2. Magnitude
76. Destructive Earthquakes in the Philippines
1.) 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami –
up to 8,000 deaths
Date: August 16, 1976
Magnitude: 8.0 moment
magnitude scale
Epicenter: Celebes Sea
Damages: Not accounted
Affected areas: Mindanao and
Borneo
2. 1990 Luzon Earthquake – 1,621 deaths
Date: July 16, 1990, at 4:26 PM
Magnitude: 7.8
Epicenter: 15° 42' N and 121° 7' E
near Rizal, Nueva Ecija
Damages: Scores of buildings
collapsed and damaged
Affected areas: Central Luzon and
Cordillera region
3. 1968 Casiguran Earthquake –268 deaths
4. 2012 Visayas Earthquake – 81 deaths
5. 1994 Mindoro Earthquake – casualties -78
6. 2002 Mindanao Earthquake – 15 deaths
Date: March 5, 2002
Magnitude: 7.5
Epicenter: Cotabato Trench
Damages: About 800 buildings were
damaged
7. 1990 Bohol Earthquake – deaths-6
Date: February 08, 1990
Magnitude: 6.8
Epicenter: Bohol
Damages: 46,000 people were displaced and at
least 7,000 became homeless
Affected areas: Bohol
79. Ground rupture and fissuringGround rupture and fissuring
creation of new or the renewed movements of old
fractures, oftentimes with the two blocks on both
sides moving in opposite directions
Ground
rupture
SeismicSeismic
HazardsHazards
81. LiquefactionLiquefaction -- a process that
transforms the behavior of
a body of sediment from that of
a solid to that of a liquid
Seismic HazardsSeismic Hazards
84. • Be familiar with the dangerous
spots inside offices/rooms.
• Be careful with things which may
harm people during earthquake. It
is better to fix as early as possible
the faulty electrical wiring, leaky
gas connection, and fasten shelves.
• Identify safe places indoors and
outdoors.
Before an Earthquake
85. • Educate everyone about
emergency contacts.
• Prepare a stock of emergency
supplies. A stock of food, water,
medicines, flashlights, and
batteries can help you to survive
the tremor.
• Make an evacuation and reunion
plan. It is possible that everyone
may be separated from each
other during an earthquake so it is
advisable to have a reuniting plan
like meeting in a certain place
after the disaster.
911
86. • During quakes, duck or drop to the ground.
• Take cover. You may hide under a sturdy table or piece of
furniture for protection from falling debris.
• Hold that position and stay wherever you are until the
shaking stops and you cannot feel anymore ground
movement.
• Do not immediately proceed to the door, some doors will
swing which can even cause injury.
87. • If outdoors, move away from building and streetlights.
• Immediately proceed to open area.
• Once in the open, stay there and do not go near
buildings and tall infrastructures to avoid falling debris.
• If in a moving vehicle, stop as quickly as safety permits.
• Avoid stopping near buildings, overpasses, bridges or
ramps which may have been damaged by the
earthquake
88. If you're on a SIDEWALK NEAR
BUILDINGS, duck into a doorway to
protect yourself from falling bricks,
glass, plaster, and other debris.
If you're in a CROWDED STORE OR OTHER
PUBLIC PLACE, do not rush for exits. Move
away from display shelves containing objects
that could fall.
89. • If trapped under debris, cover your mouth with
handkerchief.
• Create noises by tapping pipes or walls for rescuers
to locate you. Do not shout. It is just a last option
because it may cause you to inhale dangerous
amount of dust.
90. After the Tremor
• Once the earthquake is over,
listen to battery-operated radio
or television for updates of
aftershock.
• Stay away from damaged area.
• Stay away from the beach if
living in a coastal area.
• Be aware of possible tsunamis.
• Landslides are also possible for
mountainous areas as well as
the ground rapture for areas
along active fault lines which
causes the ground to break.
91. TsunamiTsunami Giant sea waves due to large-scale
displacement of the sea floor.
• Large magnitude off-shore earthquakes
• Coastal and underwater landslides
• Coastal and underwater volcanic eruptions
• Meteor impacts
92. • First waves reported within 2-5 minutes of
the main shock
• Series of waves (~3- 7 waves reported), 1-5
minutes apart
(M7.9, < 33 km)
August 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake & Tsunami
93. August 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami
Tsunami Heights Observed
98. Pre-requisites of an
Earthquake Drill:
• DAT Organization/Safety Committee
• Evacuation Plan of the Institutions
• Drill Scenario and Mechanics
99. Earthquake Planning ProcessEarthquake Planning Process
• This is a group process;
• Everyone has
responsibilities based
on his/her job at the
work place;
• Training is an important
part of the planning
process;
100. Why do we still need to prepare an Earthquake Evacuation Plan ?
Fire:
Concentrated in one area of the
building.
Immediate response is to evacuate
people and put out fire.
Immediate outside help will arrive
definitely at the soonest time.
Building occupants can be evacuated in
any place outside the building away
from fire.
No aftershock to deal with.
Earthquake:
Affects the whole building and nearby
areas.
Immediate response is to Duck, Cover and
Hold during an earthquake, and to evacuate if
necessary.
Immediate outside help is not a
guarantee.
Area for evacuation after the event is
limited only to an open area which is
safe from falling debris and other
earthquake related hazard.
Aftershocks will be another concern.
102. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
A. GeneralA. General
• To ensure the safety of employees/ occupantsTo ensure the safety of employees/ occupants
during and after a damaging earthquake;during and after a damaging earthquake;
• To help the Management and the Disaster ActionTo help the Management and the Disaster Action
Team (DAT) of the institutions to design a specificTeam (DAT) of the institutions to design a specific
response plan for earthquakes;response plan for earthquakes;
• To train employees/occupants on how to practiceTo train employees/occupants on how to practice
proper action and responses during earthquakes;proper action and responses during earthquakes;
andand
• To test various elements of the response planTo test various elements of the response plan
designed by the Institutions Management anddesigned by the Institutions Management and
Disaster Action Team (DAT).Disaster Action Team (DAT).
103. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
B. SpecificB. Specific
• To be able to execute the earthquake drill inTo be able to execute the earthquake drill in
accordance with the plan/drill scenario and mechanics;accordance with the plan/drill scenario and mechanics;
• To be able to depict the proper actions and responsesTo be able to depict the proper actions and responses
required of drill participants such as:required of drill participants such as:
Seeking shelter and protecting selvesSeeking shelter and protecting selves
Doing theDoing the “duck, cover and hold”“duck, cover and hold” and theand the ““crouchcrouch
and tuck head”and tuck head” techniquestechniques
Evacuating employingEvacuating employing “buddy-buddy system”“buddy-buddy system” andand
walking faster than normalwalking faster than normal
Head counting and checking of bodies for sustainedHead counting and checking of bodies for sustained
injuriesinjuries
Reporting to the DAT Team Leader by department/Reporting to the DAT Team Leader by department/
division/sectiondivision/section
104. • A 30-secondA 30-second
earthquake with aearthquake with a
magnitude of 8.2 inmagnitude of 8.2 in
the Richter Scalethe Richter Scale
struck Davaostruck Davao
Oriental. It is felt atOriental. It is felt at
Intensity VII in DavaoIntensity VII in Davao
City.City.
105. In reaction to the earthquake
occurrence, the office must effect its
Earthquake Emergency Procedures and
activate its Disaster Action Team (DAT) to
ensure a safe and orderly evacuation in order
to prevent loss of lives and injuries to its
employees/ occupants.
106. • 30-second alarm
Signals the occurrence of the “main quake”
(start of the drill)
All employees/occupants to seek shelter
and protect themselves wherever they
are
situated
Employees/occupants to perform “duck,
cover and hold” under desks, tables and
chairs and remain in such position until the
“shaking” stops.
111. • 20-second lull period
Evacuation of occupants from the buildings to the
designated evacuation/assembly areas using pre-
determined routes
Office DAT to effect a fast but safe and orderly
evacuation :
Evacuation of occupants must be
buddy-buddy system
occupants should not run, shout, push or walk
casually
They should walk faster than normal
Occupants must utilize the shortest but
safest route to the evacuation/assembly area
112. • 15-second alarm
Signals the occurrence of an
“aftershock”
Occupants still in the process of
evacuating (in corridors or outside the
building but not yet in open spaces), to
“crouch and tuck heads”
114. • The evacuation process must be completed.
• Occupants must assemble at the designated
evacuation areas by section/unit.
• At the evacuation/assembly areas, all occupants must
check themselves for any sustained injuries.
• Section/Unit Heads must check and ensure that all
occupants are accounted for and must report to the
DAT Team Leader. Any knowledge of somebody
missing must be immediately reported to the DAT.
115. Assembly and AccountabilityAssembly and Accountability
• Account for everyone
• Report roll call results
• Determine who is in most
need of medical aid
• Communicate first aid and
rescue needs
internal/external medical
teams and rescue crews.
116. (The giving of the “ALL CLEAR SIGNAL” by the DAT Team Leader
signifies the termination of the Earthquake Drill)
• Occupants shall return to the buildings only after
the “All Clear Signal” is given by the DAT Team
Leader
117. An evaluation of the drill must be conducted to
identify problems encountered during the drill and
how these can be corrected in future earthquake
drills.
We have allocated a large part of the city for agriculture and forestland. We intent to preserve the food security of our city as well as its ecological balance
Slide # 1 Disaster Risk Management System - The Region 12 Experience Ladies and Gentlemen, Notwithstanding the human-induced complex emergency brought about by armed confrontation between government forces and secessionist groups which caused the displacement of civilians, the communities and their leaders have to deal with the high level of risk posted by natural calamities such as landslides, flashfloods, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and droughts cannot be overemphasized. In every difficult situations, the vulnerable sector of society, especially the poor, children, elderly and women, are the most affected. Oftentimes, the condition is aggravated when destructions exceed beyond the capacity and readiness of the community to cope and deal with the emergency situation especially in conflict-vulnerable areas.