Presentation for the students of furniture design to have in depth knowledge of furniture design development.

1. FURNITURE
STYLE
By: JAvEEd IQBAL KHAWAJA

2. •2550-2650's BC Gilded Egyptian Style
•2000-2500's BC Ancient Greek Style
•700- 800's BC Phrygian Tumulus Style
•800- 900's BC Assyrian Nimrud Style
•500-1000's BC Chu/Ancient Chinese Style
•1400-1500'S mIddLE AgE (BARoQUE) STYLE
•1600-1700'S JAcoBEAN STYLE
•1640-1700'S EARLY AmERIcAN STYLE
•1690-1725'S WILLIAm & mARY STYLE
•1700-1760'S QUEEN ANNE STYLE
•1700-1780'S coLoNIAL STYLE
•1714-1770'S gEoRgIAN STYLE
•1720-1830's Pennsylvania Dutch Style
•1750-1800'S cHIppENdALE STYLE
•1780-1820'S FEdERAL STYLE
•1770-1800's Sheraton Style
•1800-1840's American Empire Style
•1820-1860'S SHAKER STYLE
•1840-1920'S vIcToRIAN STYLE
•1880-1910’S ART NoUvEAU
•1930-1970's Scandinavian Contemporary Style
•1945-1965's Mid-Century Modernism Style
•1960-1970's Postmodern Style
•1970-Today Modern Style
FURNITURE TImELINE
In next slides we will discuss some common furniture styles.

3. BARoQUE
(EARLY BARoQUEc.1590-c.1690)
(HIgH BARoQUEc.1625-c.1660)
(LATE BARoQUEc.1660-c.1725 )
THIS STYLE IS
cHARAcTERIzEd BY
THE HIgHER voLUmES,
ExAggERATEd
dEcoRATIoNS,
coLoSSAL
ScULpTURES, ANd
HUgE FURNITURE

4. BARoQUE
(EARLY BARoQUEc.1590-
c.1690) (HIgH BARoQUEc.1625-
c.1660) (LATE
BARoQUEc.1660-c.1725 )
During the 17th century, the Baroque style had a marked
effect upon furniture design throughout western Europe.
Large wardrobes, cupboards, and cabinets had twisted
columns, broken pediments, and heavy moldings. In Baroque
furniture the details are related to the whole; instead of a
framework of unrelated surfaces, each detail contributes to
the harmonious movement of the overall design. The
Baroque style was adopted in the Low Countries in the 1620s
and extended late into the 17th century, when Germany and
England began to develop it. It owed much to the Asian
influence that swept over Europe in the 17th century, when
several maritime countries, particularly Portugal, the
Netherlands, and England, established regular trading
relations with India and East Asia. Lacquered furniture and
domestic goods were imported from the East, where Asian
craftsmen also worked in a pseudo-European style from
designs supplied by the traders. Before the end of the 17th
century, Asian decorative techniques were being widely
imitated in Europe, and the roots of the “Chinese taste” were
firmly entrenched. Heavy tropical woods were also brought
to Europe, and from these, furniture was made that borrowed
much from the prevailing taste for “Oriental” elaboration.

5. BARoQUE
(EARLY BARoQUEc.1590-c.1690)
(HIgH BARoQUEc.1625-c.1660)
(LATE BARoQUEc.1660-c.1725

6. JAcoBEAN (1600-1690)

7. JAcoBEAN (1600-1690)
The early Jacobean period inspired much early American furniture.
The period is named after James I, and covers the right of both
James I and Charles I (1603-1649). The middle of the Jacobean
period is known as the Commonwealth Style (1649-1660). The late
Jacobean (1660-1688) is called the Carloean , after Charles II.
Characteristics of these styles are as follows:
Almost all Jacobean furniture is made of oak, a wood well-suited to
the massive, sturdy style. Almost all flat surfaces on chairs, chests,
etc. are carved in low relief.
The method of construction was very simple; almost all mortise and
tennon joints, held together with pegs.
The lines are square and rectangular.
Some veneering and inlay were used, and many pieces were painted.
Upholstering materials were leather, tapestries, crewelwork, wool,
linen, silk, and velvet.
The most outstanding characteristics were heavy turning knobbed
bun feet on chests and tables. Spiral turning was also very popular.
Tables were rectangular in shape, with small melon ball turning on the
legs. Gate-leg circular tables were introduced at this time as well.
Almost all American furniture made in the colonies copied English
furniture styles. Most of the American primitive furniture was produced
during this period by colonists to made do, because there were few
skilled cabinetmakers in the colonies.

8. JAcoBEAN (1600-1690)

9. EARLY AmERIcAN (1640-1700)

10. Early amErican (1640-1700)
Early American furniture, furniture made in the last
half of the 17th century by American colonists. The
earliest known American-made furniture dates from the
mid-17th century, when life in the colonies was
becoming increasingly settled. Many of these early
pieces were massive in size and were based on styles
recalled from earlier days in England. In general,
furniture styles followed those of England, with
adaptations, after an interval of about 15 years. Instead
of shaped legs or feet, American case furniture had legs
and feet that were simply downward extensions of the
rectangular styles. Decoration consisted of carved flower
motifs or lunettes (crescent shapes) and chip carved
(executed with mallet and chisel) scrolls and leaves,
occasionally highlighted by painting, mainly in black,
red, and yellow; but the carving was flatter, less
finished, and more primitive than its English
predecessors. Turned (shaped on a lathe) split balusters
stained to look like ebony were also applied. Joinery was
confined to simple rectangular panelling with mortise
and tenon joints. Oak and pine were the commonest
woods.

11. Early amErican (1640-1700)

12. William and mary (1690-1725)

13. William and mary (1690-1725)
William IIIand Mary IIreigned overEngland, Ireland and Scotland
from 1689. Mary died in 1694, William in 1702.
William and Mary style has Flemish, Dutch, French and Chinese
influences.
It is characterized by trumpet turned legs, terminating in a hoof,
claw, orball feet, padded orcaned chairseats, and Oriental
lacquer-work.
The chairbacks were high, and rounded at the top with carving,
shaped slightly to fit the shape of yourbody. The banisterback
chair, with and without arms, replaced the cane back chair. The
back legs of the chairs were splayed out at the bottom. Settees,
upholstered orwith loose cushions came in the main room.
Highboys and lowboys, with six high elaborated trumpet-shaped
legs orspiral-turned legs, appeared and rapidly became a favorite
of the Colonial craftsmen.
Some of the furniture was made of OAK, but the Colonial
workmen were finding WALNUT,MAPLE,PINEand othernative
woods much easierto use.
Marquetry became an important feature of decoration often the
form of elaborate floral patterns, cockle shell and acanthus leaf, or
seaweed.
Some of the furniture was painted and gilded.
Hardware, made of cast brass, became decorative as well as
functional.

14. QUEEn annE
(1700-1755)

15. QUEEn annE
(1700-1755)

16. QUEEn annE (1700-1755)
“Queen Anne style furniture is a style of furniture design
that developed during and around the reign of Anne , Queen
of Great Britain . The Queen Anne style is a refinement of the
William and Mary style with lighter, graceful, more
comfortable furniture.
In Britain, the style of Queen Anne's reign is frequently
described as “late Baroque” rather than "Queen Anne," while
in the United States the term "Queen Anne" describes
decorative styles from the mid-1720s to around 1760,
although Queen Anne reigned earlier.
The cabriole leg has been described as "the most
recognizable element" of Queen Anne furniture. Cabriole legs
were influenced by the designs of the French cabinetmaker
Andre-Charles Boulle and the Rococo style from the French
court of Louis XV . But the intricate ornamentation of post-
Restoration furniture was abandoned in favor more
conservative designs, possibly under the influence of the
simple and elegant lines of imported Chinese Furniture.
Cabinetmakers replaced the straight, turned furniture legs
with more graceful cabriole furniture legs. The furniture leg
had an out-curved knee and an in curved ankle. Walnut
became the preferred wood along with Cherry and Maple.
Imported Mahogany began to be favored. Regardless of the
wood, a small amount of Queen Anne furniture was painted
white.

17. QUEEn annE (1700-1755)
Queen Anne hall table Hall Table Chinese Tea Cabinet
Chair Queen Anne style Queen Anne Chair
Queen Anne
coffee table
Chair in Queen Anne style

18. cOlOnial STylE (1700-1780)

19. COLONIAL STYLE (1700-1780)
American Colonial furniture styles were
influenced by some of the style characteristics
of the William and Mary and Queen Anne
periods. During the mid to latter part of the
Colonial era, designs were also influenced by
the strength and simplicity of country made
furniture designs by Thomas Chippendale
(1718-1779) of England. In the United States,
the Chippendale style was a more elaborate
version of Queen Anne style with cabriole legs,
ball-and-claw feet, and broken pediment scroll
tops on taller pieces.
The Colonial style combines characteristics
of William and Mary, Queen Anne, and
Chippendale. Colonial furniture tended to be
more conservative and less ornate than English
and European furniture of the same style
period.

20. COLONIAL STYLE (1700-1780)

21. GEOrGIAN (1714-1760)

22. GEOrGIAN (1714-1760)
Georgian (1714-1760) – Coinciding with the reign
of Kings George I and George II of England from
1714-1760. in terms of furniture, works from this
period can be described as more ornate version of
Queen Anne with heavier proportions, elaborately
carved cabriole legs terminating in a pad or ball-
and-claw foot, ornate carvings, pierced back splats
and the use of gilding. Early Georgian furniture
saw the cabriole leg remaining popular and later
these gradually ended in ball and claw feet.
During the reign of George I (1714-27) the British
Baroque continued to evolve and the Queen Anne
Style persisted.
The architectural forms of furniture - Palladian
style - became popular during the reign of George
II (1727-60), influenced by designers such as
William Kent who were in turn inspired by 17th
century Italian architecture

23. ChIppENdALE
FurNITurE (1750-1790)

24. This style is known for
the claws at the
bottom of chairs,
sofas, dressers and
also they are knows
doe the detailed
natural design like
leaves, fruits, flowers,
and birds.
ChIppENdALE
FurNITurE (1750-1790)

25. ChIppENdALE FurNITurE (1750-1790)
The “Chippendale furniture style” was best
known between 1749 and 1779. This was the
creation of Thomas Chippendale, who published his
furniture designs in “The gentleman and Cabinet
Maker’s Director” in 1754. In fact, Thomas
Chippendale was the first creator to have a style of
furniture named after him.
He is known as a great designer but in fact he was
a great adapter. Chippendale combined the most
important elements of previous styles and the styles
of his contemporaries. He adapted from the Queen
Anne style and the Louis XV primarily yet took a few
ideas from the Gothic and embraced Chinese
styling. In fact, he developed a style known as
Chinese Chippendale, although it has never been as
popular as some of his other designs.
Thomas Chippendale had his own originality that
added to his furniture designs. Chippendale was a
versatile designer, a master wood carver, a skilled
cabinet maker, and an excellent business man.

26. ChIppENdALE FurNITurE
(1750-1790)

27. FEdErAL STYLE

28. FEDERAL STYLE (1780-1820)
Federal furniture was at its peak between 1780-1820 in
American society, and it derived its main inspiration from the
neoclassical style that was simultaneously, the trend in Europe.
The distinct characteristics of Federal furniture make it a firm
favorite even today.
Federal style furniture, also known as neoclassical furniture or
American neoclassical furniture outside the United States, is the
style of furniture that gained prominence and became
synonymous with the Federal period in American history. This
period converged with the period right after the Revolutionary
War around 1789,
when the Federalists and anti-Federalists were at loggerheads
over the new proposed direction of the United States
Government.
The peak period for Federal furniture was said to be between the
1780's and the 1820's. The areas that were most captivated by
this style were mostly the large port
cities on the Eastern coastline like New York, Boston,
Philadelphia , Charleston and Baltimore. The reason for this was
primarily the collection of affluent wealthy families in these
cities that had close ties to European culture. And after all, it was
the European culture and the English furniture designs in
particular of Sheraton and Hepplewhite that influenced the
American Federal furniture. Sheraton and Hepplewhite also

29. FEDERAL STYLE
emerged as influential furniture styles around the same time
period. Inadvertently, these cities also became the production
and manufacturing centers of this furniture.
Federal furniture is more than just a style or a trend, as it
became synonymous with the times. History cannot be complete
until all facets of civil life adopts the prevalent trends and
cultures, and studying the rise and prominence of this furniture
style simply highlights this fact.

30. ShAkER (1820-1860)
ThiS STYLE iS
bASED on puRE
SimpLiciTY.
iT wAS
cREATED To bE
SimpLE buT
uSEFuL.

31. Shaker (1820-1860) – Shaker furniture represents a
substantial contribution of the utilitarian lifestyle of the
religious group, the United Society of Believers. Living in
self-contained communities, Shaker craftsmen were
responsible for creating “beauty through utility”. Shaker
furniture was often constructed from maple, and
sometimes cherry, birch, and walnut: furniture woods that
were readily available within their communities. Shaker
chairs, including side chairs used at meetings, and rocking
chairs for the elderly, sewing rockers for Shaker women,
made without arms to allow access to the sewing basket,
are all important contributions to American furniture
design. Shaker communities continue to exist today,
where furniture craftsmen continue to construct beautifully
practical, handmade furniture pieces in small numbers,
with careful attention to detail. Shaker style is
characterized by straight tapered legs (tilted legs on
chairs, with ball and socket construction) and mushroom
shaped wooden knobs.
ShAkER (1820-1860)

32. VicToRiAn (1840-1910)
ThERE wAS noT onE
DominAnT STYLE oF
FuRniTuRE in ThE
VicToRiAn pERioD.
DESignERS RAThER
uSED AnD moDiFiED
mAnY STYLES TAkEn
FRom VARiouS TimE
pERioDS in hiSToRY
LikE goThic, TuDoR,
ELizAbEThAn,
EngLiSh Rococo,
nEocLASSicAL AnD
oThERS. ThE goThic
AnD Rococo REViVAL
STYLE wERE ThE moST
common STYLES To bE
SEEn in FuRniTuRE
DuRing ThiS TimE in
hiSToRY.

33. Extending for a period of 70 years during the reign of Queen
Victoria, the Victorian era in England saw noted changes
from its early days to late Victorian style. During its early
years, no single style emerged as dominant. Instead,
furniture was styled around influences from earlier periods,
including Gothic, Tudor, Elizabethan, Renaissance, English
Rococo, and Neo Classical. Ornamentation was extensive,
and, in the opinion of some, a bit overdone. Mahogany and
rosewood were often used, and, to a lesser extent, oak in
furniture designed for the masses. Iron and paper maiches
were also used in some pieces. During the latter part of the
Victorian era, the Arts and Crafts and the Aesthetic or Art
Furniture movement were born. A number of antique styles
were also revived. Late Victorian furniture was known for its
straight lines and solid woods with dark stains and less
upholstery than earlier Victorian pieces. Painted decorations
replaced carvings. The Victorian period was the first furniture
style to be mass produced.
VicToRiAn (1840-1910)

34. ART nouVEAu(1880-1910)
ThiS STYLE iS
chARAcTERizED
bY
SuDDEn
cuRVES
AnD
DYnAmic
FLowing
LinES

35. Art Nouveau (French for New Art) was an international movement
and style of fine art, architecture and decorative art that peaked in
popularity at the turn of the twentieth century (1890–1905). Art
Nouveau was in part influenced by the naturalistic details of the
Rococo style and took from the Art and Crafts movement its
reverence of good craftsmanship. Art Nouveau had two strands,
the European style which flourished in France, Belgium and
Czechoslovakia and was characterized by sinuous, elegant lines
inspired by nature and the female form; and the more austere and
geometric approach of the Scottish architect and designer Charles
Rennie Mackintosh.(http://www.slideshare.net/jik_1959/furniture-by-charles-
rennie-mackintosh-2012#)
Art Nouveau was developed by a brilliant and energetic generation
of artists and designers, who wanted to create an art form
appropriate to the modern age but inspired by nature and beauty.
Society was changing tremendously at this time, the Industrial
Revolution brought many more people into the burgeoning cities,
creating urban life as we now know it. Technological advances
and new materials such as cast iron allowed artists to create
previously impossible shapes and structures. While many artists,
designers and architects were excited by these new technologies
and lifestyles, others retreated into the past, embracing the world
of fantasy and myth in their designs.
ART nouVEAu(1880-1910)

36. ART nouVEAu(1880-1910)