2008 Memory Revision

Unit 4 Exam Structure - Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 1- encoding, storage and retrieval ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 2 - measures of retention: recall, recognition, relearning and the relative sensitivity of each measure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 2 - measures of retention: recall, recognition, relearning and the relative sensitivity of each measure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 3 - relationship between, and properties of, sensory memory (iconic and echoic), short-term memory and long-term memory; ,[object Object],Long Term Memory Short Term Memory Information is Forgotten! Maintenance rehearsal Elaborative rehearsal/ encoding Attention Sensory Memory

dp – 3 cont., ,[object Object],Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory Duration Iconic Echoic 1/3 3 – 4 Sec sec 12 – 30 seconds Unlimited/ forever Capacity unlimited 7 ± 2 ‘pieces’ of info unlimited

dp – 3 cont….sensory memory (iconic and echoic) ,[object Object],[object Object],If you hear this lion roar, your echoic memory would retain the auditory info for 3 to 4 secs. However if you see the lion, your iconic memory would hold the visual info for only about 1/3 sec. ICONIC MEMORY ECHOIC MEMORY

dp 4 - short-term memory capacity, effects of rehearsal (maintenance and elaborative), chunking, consolidation theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample Exam question MR v ER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 4 –cont. Capacity of STM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 4 –cont. Consolidation theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 5 - working memory ,[object Object],Central Executive Phonological Loop Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad Forms associations with other components Enables the retrieval if items from LTM to be associated with other items in working memory Hold traces of acoustic or speech-based material for about two seconds unless it is maintained through the use of the second part, articulatory sub-vocal rehearsal Visual working memory is responsible for the temporary storage and manipulation of visual and spatial information.

dp 6 - long-term memory types (procedural, declarative, episodic, semantic) and … ,[object Object],Procedural Declarative Episodic Semantic Long Term Memory

dp 6 - long-term memory types (procedural, declarative, episodic, semantic) and … ,[object Object],Procedural Long Term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 6 - long-term memory types (procedural, declarative, episodic, semantic) and … ,[object Object],Declarative Episodic Semantic Long Term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 6 - long-term memory types (procedural, declarative, episodic, semantic) and … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample Exam Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],   OR  Semantic Episodic Procedural i. your name ii. how to knit iii. your seat on an aeroplane

dp 6 cont…..organisation of information in LTM (as illustrated by semantic network theory) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],node node node links node node node node

dp 6 cont…..organisation of information in LTM (as illustrated by semantic network theory) ,[object Object]

dp 7 - Serial position effect; ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 7 - Serial position effect cont; Percentage recall rate for items recalled immediately after learning from a serial list Average 61% Average 79% Average 27%

Sample exam question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 8 -theories of forgetting (retrieval failure theory, interference theory, motivated forgetting, decay) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cont., ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cont., ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cont., ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cont.,

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cont.,

[object Object],[object Object],Cont.,

[object Object],[object Object],Cont., Original Memory Faded Memory

dp 9 - The features of the forgetting curve ,[object Object]

dp 9 - The features of the forgetting curve ,[object Object],[object Object]

dp 10 - Organic causes of forgetting (amnesia both anterograde and retrograde) and…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Time of Head Trauma ANTEROGRADEAMNESIA RETROGRADE AMNESIA Types of memories affected???

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],dp 10 cont,….memory decline over the life span

[object Object],dp 10 cont,….memory decline over the life span

dp 11 - Memory enhancement through quality of encoding (organisation) and… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 11 - The use of context dependent cues, state dependent cues and… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 11 - Mnemonic devices (narrative chaining and method of loci) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Narrative Chaining ,[object Object],[object Object]

Method of Loci ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

I can fool people into believing I cooked a great dinner! I would like to have volunteers to come and clean the dishes What goes on in there will remain confidential! Set of scales in the bathroom remind me of legal systems based on Justice Respect people and don’t leave it smelly! If you get kicked out of Bedroom 1 you have to withdraw to here Last thing I do is get out of the car – debriefing comes at the end! I can see the benefits of washing and ironing! Where I keep my documentation and would sign papers! When I have guests I act very ‘professional’ – on my best behaviour! EG. Method of Loci

dp 12 - Formation of operational hypotheses and… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 12 - Interpretation of p values ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hint: the smaller the p-value the better the results are!

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],dp 12 - Interpretation of p values cont,

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],dp 12 - Interpretation of p values cont,

Sample Exam Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standard Cover Bright Orange Cover Book returned on time 72% 74%

Sample Exam Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 13 - Ethical principles in the conduct of psychological research related to memory ,[object Object],[object Object]

dp 13 - Ethical principles in the conduct of psychological research related to memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 13 - Ethical principles in the conduct of psychological research related to memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dp 13 - Ethical principles in the conduct of psychological research related to memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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