ITS, the Smart Grid and Your Electrical Infrastructure presentation delivered July 11, 2011 at the International Municipal Signal Association Annual Conference in Seattle, WA

1. ITS, THE SMART GRID AND YOUR ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Jim Frazer Surf Networks, Inc. Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 1

2. Agenda Federal Highway Goals NTCIP 1213 – The Intelligent Transportation Systems Standard for Electrical Lighting & Management Systems Adaptive Lighting Applications Asset Management & Resource Optimization Safety Enhancement, Ground Faults, Pole Knockdowns… Convergence: Intelligent Transportation Systems & The Smart Grid Technological Initiatives Standards, Regulations & Trainings US Federal Legislation Opinion Leaders & Influencers

3. Introduction – Federal Highway Goals Make roads more efficient More throughput of vehicles Minimize disruptions in traffic flow Minimize energy usage Maximize safety Minimize incidents Through technology 3

4. Federal Highway Initiatives Introduce Technology to the Roadway System incompatibility “Plug & Play” was needed Thus ITS standards Ease of installation Competition = More product choices Better applications Reduced costs 4

5. The US Department of Transportation’s Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Electrical & Lighting Management Systems Standard NTCIP 1213 5

6. The Federal Standard US FHWA ITS Standard NTCIP 1213 Electrical Lighting & Management Systems or “ELMS” Supports all electrical devices on the roadway Not just lighting Electric metering Safety monitoring Supports DMS, call boxes, tool booths etc. 6

7. NTCIP 1213 Major Features Real time status of system assets (monitor & control) Lighting Roadway luminaires Pedestrian luminaires Bicycle path luminaires Switching / Control & Monitor Other Loads 7

8. NTCIP 1213 Major Features Power Metering Unknown until now DMS, cameras, call boxes, toll booths, Of any roadside electrical asset 8

9. NTCIP 1213 Major Features Safety Sensors Pole Knockdown Ground Fault Detection Arc Fault Many more 9

10. NTCIP 1213 Major Features Logging Allows recording of system variable data Every ELMS attribute can be logged Typical “logged” data points include Current Usage of roadway light Cycling condition of roadway light Power Meter data Ground Fault Detector periodic values Ground Fault exception alarms 10

11. NTCIP 1213 Major Features Zoning Allows Logical Grouping For Logging For Scheduling For Overrides What can be placed in a zone? Complete electrical services Branch circuits Individual luminaires 11

12. NTCIP 1213 Major Feature Scheduling Allows a time / light level association for each lighting fixture based on Time Ambient light level External inputs Vehicular Traffic levels Pedestrian & Bicycle Traffic Levels Weather dependencies Contactors for electrical services and circuits can also be scheduled 12

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14. 14 ELMS System Overview E L M S is the acronym for Electrical Lighting and Management Systems The effort to develop a standard for Electrical and Lighting Management Systems began with the formation of an ad-hoc committee of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). It is now supported by: ITE, NEMA, AASHTO and the US DOT / Federal Highway Administration Technically, the NTCIP Objects for Electrical and Lighting Management Systems defines data elements in ASN.1 using the SNMP Object Type Macro for field devices that monitor and control electrical and lighting systems. These objects define the software interface at the field data logger. For more information about NTCIP standards, visit the NTCIP Web Site at http://www.ntcip.org. For a hardcopy summary of NTCIP information, contact the NTCIP Coordinator at the following address. NTCIP Coordinator National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 N.17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209-3801 fax: (703) 841-3331 e-mail:ntcip@nema.org

15. 15 ELMS Terminology Electric Service The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served. Branch Circuit Local electrical circuit that provides power to the Luminaires. Pole Roadside light pole. Poles may be categorized by their constituent material types and/or design configurations. Luminaire The light fixture and possibly associated sensors Luminaires may be organized into control zones Management functions can be performed on individual Luminaires or on zones of Luminaires (ex: Scheduling, Dimming)

16. 16 ELMS System Architecture Remote Communications Dedicated, Dial-up, Wireless, BPL, Fiber, Microwave, etc. NTCIP Local Data Logger Supervisory Station Management Center Ambient Light Sensor Local Communications Electrical Service Controller Streetlight Controller Branch Circuit Controller Ground Fault Detector PowerMeter Electrical Service Controller Branch Circuit Controller Streetlight Controller

17. 17 Management Stations & SNMP Agents

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19. 19 TCP/IP for FTP Traffic Management Center 1 Finance Maintenance Emergency Operations Center Operations EMS Electric Usage Pole Knockdown TMC 2 Homeland Security Event TMC 3 UDP for Management Station to SNMP Agent Communications Natural Disaster Evacuation Routing SNMP Standard Dynamic Message Sign MIB SNMP Standard Electrical Lighting & Management Systems MIB SNMP Standard Camera MIB SNMP Traffic Flow Sensors MIB SNMP Many Other Standard MIBs

20. 20 What’s a “Standardized” MIB? Data table of values, with engineering units, in hierarchical order

21. 21 Features & Benefits Low operating costs: No continuing subscription fees from telecommunications providers. Energy Savings Through intelligent scheduling of, lighting and elimination of wasteful “dayburners”. Control any light, any meter, any ground fault sensor, and circuit: Any terminal device can be controlled individually and in seconds from an Internet browser or a mobile phone Modularity & Flexibility: An ELMS system can at any time be expanded to new areas or cities, using existing servers, i.e. with only incremental costs. As the system is based on open standards it can easily be interfaced with other systems, for example GIS and management information systems Reports: The user interface offers fast and easy access to a number of 24-hour reports including actual switch on/off times, burn-hours, and other events

22. 22 Features & Benefits Minimizes errors and the costs of correcting them: An efficient replacement program for maximum use of each luminaire can be based on precise burn-hour data. Faults in cabinets, luminaires or electrical circuits are reported automatically, eliminating the need of costly visual inspections Complete reporting of system parameters: Generates all the reports needed in control and management, including reports on streetlight, branch circuit and electrical service settings, including event and fault reports. Monitors & control power consumption: Power meters and ground fault detectors can be deployed anywhere on the network

23. 23 Features & Benefits Blackout / Brownout protection Dimming or switching of individual streetlights can minimize the need for more intrusive actions, such as rolling brownouts Compatible with ITS NTCIP 1213 Possible Federal Highway Grants for ITS NTCIP Applications Safety Reporting of dangerous ground fault conditions Saving of LIVES Real-time monitoring and logging: Switch on/off, re-programming, electricity consumption and faults. All events are reported and logged.

24. Streetlight Output Over Time Suggested relamp point Mean Lumens @ 40% Life ~ 65% of initial lumens 50% Dead % INITIAL LUMENS T=0 @ 100 Hrs % RATED LIFE NOTE: Curve is an approximation determined under ANSI-specified test conditions. Lumen maintenance will vary widely from lamp-to-lamp and under different burning conditions

25. Achieve Constant Light Output Configure Dim Level to Dynamically Provide Minimum Light Level Ramp Up power as Lumen Output Degrades 25

26. Dimming Creates Great Savings Peaks in traffic volume occur early mornings from approximately 7AM to 9 AM and again in the evening from 4 PM to 6 PM. Traffic dips to very low levels typically from midnight to about 5AM, with absolute minimums in the 3AM to 4 AM timeframe. These levels correspond to the three levels of user activity as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. 26

27. Dimming Creates Great Savings Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) standards define minimum required lighting levels for various sites, types of users, and aggregated user traffic counts. IES guidelines describe three levels of user activity for each site type, with their own respective minimum lighting level. 27

28. Dimming Creates Great Savings With new control and monitoring technologies, dimming can be implemented, and lighting levels can be dynamically adapted as the user activities change. When encountering a change from a high to a low user activity, IES suggests a 50% light level reduction. Similarly, an activity change from a medium to a low IES activity state allows dimming of up to 40%. 28

29. Dimming Creates Great Savings Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) standards define minimum required lighting levels for various sites, types of users, and aggregated user traffic counts. IES guidelines describe three levels of user activity for each site type, with their own respective minimum lighting level. 29

30. Dimming Creates Great Savings During the night, and / or During times of rain and/or wet road surfaces, reflectivity of the road increases substantially. Dimming, in these instances, can be implemented dynamically in response to inputs from reflectivity and relative humidity sensors, to create safer conditions by maintaining lighting levels to IES standards. 30

31. Adaptive Lighting Mechanics The standard NTCIP 1206 - Object Definitions for Data Collection and Monitoring (DCM) Devices, provides the vocabulary - commands, responses and information - necessary for traffic management and operations personnel to control, manage, and monitor data collection and monitoring devices such as loop detectors, radar detectors and other sensors. Object definitions included in NTCIP 1206 include vehicular traffic counts, by day, by hour, and even by type of vehicle. The standard NTCIP 1213- NTCIP Object Definitions for Electrical Lighting and Management Systems, is more commonly known as “ELMS”. ELMS equipment is a telemetry-based remote monitoring and control system for highway lighting. Object definitions included in NTCIP 1213 include individual streetlight dim levels and performance characteristics. 31

32. Adaptive Lighting Mechanics 32

33. Asset Management In many instances a phone rings at a public works office, and a citizen reports that a light is out. Often the site description is poor, and a worker or two, must survey the site to find the broken fixture. It may be cycling so that at first glance, all the lights appear to be working. Once the problem is identified, the spare parts, tools or trained personnel may not be located in the on-site truck. Application of new technologies can make many of these delays, ambiguities and inefficiencies simply disappear. 33

34. Asset Management ELMS compliant infrastructure is required to possess GPS location attributes for each component in the field, including service cabinets, streetlights, power meters and ground fault detectors. Increasingly, public works radio vendors are also offering GPS functions and data interface as integral parts of their radios. Integration with these GPS-enabled radio systems can yield dramatic benefits. 34

35. Asset Management At each scan, the GPS location data is recorded so managers know exactly where and when each component was physically deployed. Effective application of radio-based asset tracking allows each truck to arrive at the correct jobsite faster than before, with advance detailed knowledge of the situation, along with the exact toolset and repair components needed to complete the job. 35

36. Asset Management Components can be tracked from the storeroom, to the truck and on to the installation site, with appended locations and dates This data can be used for more effective ordering and inventory control of spare and replacement parts inventories – both in the warehouse, in the truck and in the “back pocket” 36

37. Safety – Ground Faults, Pole Knockdowns & More… History Past & Present Impacts 37

38. Electrical System Status Infrastructure now 20 to 60 years old! Failures occur throughout the US Incidents are severe and often fatal Energy use increases as hardware ages Utilities over count poles & overbill! Energy costs to support infrastructure continue to increase Maintenance costs of infrastructure continue to rise Almost all streetlights are unmetered Roadway lighting not always appropriate for conditions 38

40. When her dogs suddenly began acting strangely, fighting with each other and howling inexplicably, Lane called for help and bent over the dogs to try to calm them.

41. As she approached the dogs, she apparently realized that they were receiving an electric shock from a metal plate on the street.

46. Summing Up The ELMS Features Now Streetlight Control Ground Fault Detection Power Metering Other Safety Issues Arc Fault Pole Knockdown etc Coming Electric Vehicle Charging Vehicle to Smart Grid Communications An Open Protocol Financial Interface 44

47. Convergence: Intelligent Transportation Systems & The Smart Grid Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 45

48. Basic Smart Grid Architecture as defined by the US Department of Energy and The National Institute of Standards and Technology Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 46

49. ELMS & The Smart Grid Commonalities Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 47

50. The ELMS & Smart Grid Ecosystem Technological Initiatives Standards, Regulations & Trainings US Federal Legislation Opinion Leaders & Influencers Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 48

51. Technological Initiatives The Networked Smart Grid Adaptive Lighting V2G Financial Interfaces Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 49

52. Technological Initiatives The Networked Smart Grid The US DOE has funded NIST to develop Smart Grid standards, many of these initiatives directly and indirectly impact the outdoor lighting market These initiatives include: Electric Vehicle charging stations Distributed generation / point sources of power photovoltaic, wind & electric vehicles The plug and play financial interface Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 50

53. Technological Initiatives Adaptive Lighting Who will write the dynamic lighting rules? Basic research by Carl Andersen of FHWA As well as through the IES RLC Adaptive Lighting Task Group How will these rules be applied? Through standardized control protocols & us of approved design guides: ITS NTCIP 1213 “ELMS” Using the applications methodologies and control information in the IES RLC Design Guide 28 “Guide for Selection of Outdoor Roadway Lighting Controls” currently under development by the IES RLC Energy Management committee Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 51

54. Technological Initiatives V2G – Vehicle to Grid A NIST, and SAE initiative The vehicle will inform the infrastructure of its presence wirelessly Thus if there are few vehicles on the road, lights can adaptively be dimmed or extinguished Similarly if there are many vehicles on the road, lights can adaptively be dimmed or extinguished Standards and legislation under discussion Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 52

55. Technological Initiatives The Financial interface The power industry is moving towards dynamic adaptive pricing. NIST and the US DOE are underdevelopment of a energy services interface standard This standard will allow subsystems, or microgrids to dynamically and instantaneously exchange information about their power requirements and the prices at which they are willing to buy and sell power at a multitude of points in the future Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 53

56. Standards, Regulations & Trainings ITS JPO NTCIP 1213 Electrical Lighting & Management Systems ITE & DOE EnergyStar™ Traffic signal head, service cabinet & the streetlight IES Roadway Lighting Design Guide 28 (draft) – Guide for Selection of Outdoor Roadway Lighting Controls IMSA Roadway Lighting Technician & Roadway Lighting Specialist CEU courses – contains ELMS content MLO by Dark Sky & IES US DOE NIST Smart Grid embrace of US DOT ITS NTCIP 1213 NEMA: NTCIP Standard Picked for Smart Grid Use (Page 22): http://www.nxtbook.com/ygsreprints/ygs/G14663NEMA_Nxtbook2/index.php?startid=21#/22 Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 54

57. ITS JPO Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office Managed by 3 Organizations AASHTO NEMA ITE Creates Intelligent Transportation Systems Standards including: ELMS NTCIP 1213 Electrical Lighting & Management Systems Standard describes streetlight control, metering and ground fault interruption Significant expansion in 2011 to include EV charging, financial interfaces, and V2G adaptive lighting 2011-2014 Strategic Plan: http://www.its.dot.gov/standards_strategic_plan/stds_strat_plan.pdf Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 55

58. ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers Selected by DOE EnergyStar to write specifications for LED traffic signal indicators http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/eligibility/traffic_elig.pdf Now working on EnergyStar electrical service cabinet specifications Will begin discussion about EnergyStar street and roadway lighting in the near future Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 56

59. IES Roadway Lighting Committee Guide for Selection of Outdoor Roadway Lighting Controls under development Main working groups: IES RLC Energy Management Committee IESRLC Adaptive Lighting Task Group Replaces the Guide for Selection of Photoelectric controls Includes discussion of controls for Adaptive Lighting Expected release end of year 2011 Chairman – Norm Dittman, PLC Multipoint Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 57

60. IMSA International Municipal Signal Association CEU courses being developed Roadway Lighting Technician Roadway Lighting Specialist Include Adaptive Lighting & ITS NTCIP 1213 discussions Further courses under discussion Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 58

61. The Model Lighting Ordinance The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Joint Task Force are developing a Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) to address the need for strong, consistent outdoor lighting regulation. The second draft of the MLO was open to public comment from 24 June - 23 August 2010 and is now undergoing final revisions. http://www.darksky.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=622 ITS NTCIP Smart Grid compliant systems will ensure the MLO is applied Beginning to be codified in city, county, state statutes Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 59

62. US DOE picks NTCIP 1213 SMART GRID -- In September 2009, the NTCIP 1213 was included in the "NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards," released at the Washington, DC "GridWeek." In 2010, NTCIP 1213 ELMS was hosted on a secure ANSI website for review by FERC, NARUC, the Smart Grid Architecture Cmte, and other organizations. ELMS equipment is a telemetry-based remote monitoring and control system for highway lighting. ELMS can be a tool for lowering costs, improving maintenance management, implementing lighting curfews, and increasing safety. Although different providers of ELMS equipment have their own sets of features and interfaces, the NTCIP 1213 standard creates a common set of features and functionality, and defines the points of interoperability. More Here: http://www.ntcip.org/library/standards/default.asp?documents=yes&standard=1213 and here: http://www.nxtbook.com/ygsreprints/ygs/G14663NEMA_Nxtbook2/index.php?startid=21#/22 Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 60

63. US Federal Legislation Transportation Bill – Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee chaired by John Mica R-FL Substantial Smart Grid / Adaptive Lighting text via ITS NTCIP 1213 ELMS text in draft bill Smart Communities Bill Substantial Smart Grid / Adaptive Lighting text via ITS NTCIP 1213 ELMS text in draft bill Other Bills pending ITSA Lobbying – Paul Feenstra Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 61

64. Summarizing Convergence Business, Political, Technological and Standards Development efforts are driving the public electrical infrastructure into a new reality, a new ecosystem. In the past the streetlight was a standalone device, in the future it will be impacted by many issues not resident on the pole, on the street, or from the power source. Similarly the meter was a standalone device, it too will be part of an integrated Smart Grid New devices, from electric vehicle charging stations to distributed generation sources will be integrated. This presents a challenge and an opportunity for those progressive organizations that are both able to see the future and willing to embrace the future. The US Department of Transportations Intelligent Transportation Standard NTCIP 1213 will be the application that unites these systems Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 62

65. Questions? Jim Frazer jfrazer@surfnetworks.com http://www.linkedin.com/in/jfrazer 954 309 9514 Copyright 2011 Surf Networks, Inc. 63