Presentation by Jim Lunt at The 9th SPSJ International Polymer Conference (IPC 2012)-Held in Kobe Japan.

1. Bioplastics Advances and Sustainability
The 9th SPSJ International Polymer Conference
(IPC2012)
December 14, 2012

2. Presentation Outline
 Basic Definitions for Bioplastics.
 Growth Factors For Bioplastics.
 Feedstocks and Sustainability.
 First and Second Generation Bioplastics.
 Bioplastics Growth Projections and Market Trends.
 Applications in Use Today for Bioplastics.

3. Basic Definitions for Bioplastics
Biodegradable or Compostable Bioplastics
Meet all scientifically recognized standards for
biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic
products.
Independent of carbon origin-(i.e. Ecoflex, PBS, PLA ).
Focus is on end-of-life or disposability.
Biobased Bioplastics
Must be organic and contain some percentage of recently
fixed (new) carbon found in biological resources or crops.
Focus on renewable resource based origin.
Uses C14 content measurement.

4. Growth Factors for Bioplastics
Renewable resource versus oil based.
Reduced environmental impact.
Concerns about human health.
End-of-Life disposal issues – Landfill.
Legislative initiatives.

5. Growth Factors for Bioplastics
Bioplastics
Opportunity

6. Today's Bioplastic Feedstocks
Sugar beet
Corn
Sorghum Cassava
Sorghum
Sugarcane
All refined sugars - dextrose, glucose, sucrose.

7. Bioplastics Feedstock Issues
Food versus Fuel Debate:
• Food Crops Diversion to Fuels/Plastics
• Land Use
• Fertilizer Use
• Pesticide Use
• The “Ripple Effect “
Use of GMO's

8. More “Sustainable” Biomass Feedstocks
Lignocellulose
(wood, corn stover, other agricultural residues)
Oil seeds (soy, rape/canola, palm, coconut,
Jatropha)
Microalgae
Macroalgae (kelp)
Waste:
 MSW, food processing (cellulosic)
 Used fats and oils
 Animal processing wastes
(rendering, feathers, hair, manure)

9. Leading Biomass Source – Lignocellulosics
Corn stover
Rice straw
Sugar cane Tall grasses
bagasse
Wood chips
Wheat straw
Source: Virent –”The Future For Bioplastics Feedstocks”

10. Extracting Sugars From Cellulosics
Most Common Industrial Approaches
Dilute acid and enzyme Concentrated acid
hydrolysis extraction
Catalytic biomass
Wet oxidation and enzyme
hydrolysis deconstruction

11. Commercially Proven Technology
Virdia Process (c1938)
Loblolly
HCL
Pine
Preparation Concentrated HCL Sugar Recovery
Sizing Deconstruction HCL Recycle
Tall Oil Removal
HCL
Final
Lignin Deacidification Purification
Tall Oil Soluble
Lignin
C5/C6 Sugars

12. First Generation Bioplastics
…………………….……………………………………………
Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX Polylactic Acid (PLA)
O
O
HO
OH HO
OH
H CH3
H3C
H
L-Lactic Acid
D-Lactic Acid
(0.5%)
Compounded,
100% Renewable & Compostable
Biobased
& Compostable

13. First Generation PHA’s
Compostable, biodegradable and renewable
PHA picture courtesy of Telles

14. Projected Biomaterials Trends
Bioplastics are still less than
1% of the approximate 230 million tons
of plastics in use today.
Projected 20-30%AGR

15. Projected Durables Growth
Increasing demand for biobased, durable products
in electronics and automotive applications.
By 2011 durables were expected to account
for almost 40% of bioplastics –
compared with 12% in 2010.
(European Bioplastics)

16. Sales Trends in Bioplastics
205KT 500KT 1.2MT
Jim Lunt & Associates LLC. Projections

17. Why The Change?
 Continuing lack of infrastructure for use and
disposal of compostable plastics.
 “Compostables” performance v durables.
 Increasing demand for biobased, semi-durable
and durable products for household goods,
electronics and automotive applications.
 Increasing interest and developments in existing
and new monomers from renewable resources.

18. Braskem “Green Polyethylene”
from Sugar Cane
ethanol
sugar cane molasses
HDPE polyethylene ethylene

19. Bio Ethylene Glycol
India Glycols, GTC, FENC, JBF
fermentation
ethanol
sugar cane molasses
-H2O
+H2O oxidation
Ethylene glycol ethylene oxide ethylene

20. Biobased TPA for PET from Sugars
Gevo Global Bioenergies
p-xylene
biobutanol isobutylene isooctene Toray/UOP
Amyris
Genomatica
t,t muconic acid dimethyl furan
SABIC
TPA
fdca
d limonene p cymene BP

21. Anellotech/Virent Processes
for Biobased Aromatics
Anellotech Process
Virent Process
BTX=benzene, toluene, xylenes mixture.

22. Other Bio “Building Blocks”
Blocks”
Succinic acid PTT, DSM, BASF, Bioamber, Roquette,
Mitsubishi Chem., Myriant, Purac
Adipic acid Rennovia, Verdezyne, Genomatica
Butane diol Genomatica
FDCA Avantium
Ketals Segetis, XLTerra/Reluceo
Caprolactam Amyris
Acrylic acid Ceres, Dow/OPX
Isosorbide ADM, Roquette
Propylene Braskem
Propane 1,3 diol DuPont / Tate & Lyle

23. Biobased Succinic Acid and Derivatives
Biobased Succinic Acid
Succinic acid/PBS
• BioAmber
• PTT
• MCC
• DSM/Roquette
• BASF/Purac
Butane diol
• Genomatica
Adipic acid
• Rennovia
• Verdezyne
Courtesy Myriant

24. Examples of Emerging Technologies
Avantium PEF ‘yxy’
Avantium’s PEF is a 100% biobased polyester, with glass
transition 10 C higher than PET ,oxygen barrier 6-10
times better than PET, CO2 barrier 2-4 times better than
PET, and water 2 times better than PET.
FDCA bottles
Plant based PEF
films
carbohydrates
EG fibers
Courtesy of Avantium

25. Ketal Plasticizers/Poly XLK
O O O O L-Ketals
OH
HO HO OH HO OH
O NH2
succinic acid 3-hydroxypropionic acid glutamic acid
O
O
HO OH HO O
HO
O NH2
OH OH O
O OR
glycerol 4-hydroxybutyrolactone
O
aspartic acid
HO
O
O O O
OH
OH O
HO HO OH
O O
itaconic acid levulinic acid 2,5-furandicacboxylic acid
OH OH OH OH OH O OH OH
HO
OH O
OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH O
O O
xylitol sorbitol glucaric acid
O O
O n
PXLK
XLTerra

26. Bioplastic Products
In The Marketplace

27. PLA

28. Cellulose Acetate

29. Compounded PLA/Starch Blends

30. Green Polyethylene

31. Bio PET

32. The Future For Bioplastics
Will Depend On
 Oil pricing continuing to increase.
 Improved performance.
 Composting/recycling infrastructure developments.
 Expanding from single-use compostable to durable
applications.
 Moving to non-food source feedstocks.
 Competition from carbon dioxide based plastics.

33. Thank You