1. TRANSITIVITY™
ARGUMENT
VISUALIZATION
TUTORIAL
...a transitive inference path of reasoning
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge
06-14-07

2. This tutorial uses a dialogue as a vehicle to illustrate
the fundamentals of argument visualization.
The argument schema and visual language are based
on the transitivity of predication.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

3. “Aristotle states the transitivity of predication in his
Categoriae: quot;for all we affirm of the predicate will also be
affirmed of the subjectquot; (1949, 5, 3b, 5). To be fair, in the
first quot;antepredicamental rulequot; the transitivity is stated with
a qualification: quot;When you predicate this thing or that of
another thing as of a subject the predicates of the
predicate will also hold good of the subjectquot; (1949, l, l1b,
10, emphasis mine).”
Angelelli, I. (2004). Predication theory: classical vs modern. In H. Hochberg
& K. Mulligan (Eds.), In Relations and predicates. New Jersey: Transaction
Books.
http://traumstadt.org/angelelli.pdf
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

4. TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

5. I contend that “Harry
is a British subject.”
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

6. I contend that “Harry
is a British subject.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
Every sentence
is divided into
its subject and
predicate.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

7. What is the
support for your
contention?
main contention
Harry...
This dotted line between
the subject and predicate is
…is a British subject.
the “nexus of predication.”
If the connection across this
nexus is not self‐evident to .This contention…
the reader, then it must be
…has no support.
created with a path of
transitive premises that are Red is making an objection
acceptable to some degree to the green dotted nexus.
to the reader.
In effect, Red is saying that
at this point in the
dialogue,
“I do not accept that ‘Harry
is a British subject.’”
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

8. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
“nexus of predication”
main contention line between the subject
Harry... and predicate
…is a British subject.
1
.
.
.
These two boxes represent
transitive premises that
join the subject of the main
contention to its predicate
across the nexus situated
between them.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

9. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
.
Harry...
.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

10. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
.
Harry...
. …is a British subject..
The subject of the first
premise and the predicate
of the last premise always
form the main contention.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

11. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
.
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

12. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who
was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Premises are transitively matched with the
predicate of one premise to the subject of
its adjoining premise.
This transitive pattern continues along the
inference path. Any type of reasoning can
be translated into this transitive pattern.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

13. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who
was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
The transitive premises are linked along
the bottom string of predicates.
These predicates are the proverbial “dots”
in “connecting the dots”.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

14. Because “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who
was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
This second premise was implicit in
this inference path of reasoning.
Notice that every individual path of
reasoning has at least two premises
since it takes at least two premises to
join the halves of the contention.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

15. I don’t see the
connection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who
was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
This link is not self‐
evident to Red.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

16. I don’t see the
connection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who
was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Red is making an The connection…
objection to the link.
…is not evident to me.
In effect, Red is
saying, “I do not
accept that ‘One who
was born in Bermuda
is a British subject.’”
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

17. I don’t see the
connection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who
was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
The connection…
In effect, Red perceives a gap
…is not evident to me.
between the two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

18. Because “one born in Bermuda is
covered by the Citizenship Act.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who
Bermuda was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
…is not evident to me.
Green is revealing a premise
that will bridge this gap
that Red perceived between
the two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

19. Because “one born in Bermuda is
covered by the Citizenship Act.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who
Bermuda… was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
…is not evident to me.
Green is giving a premise
that will bridge this gap
that Red perceived between
the two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

20. Because “one born in Bermuda is
covered by the Citizenship Act.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who
Bermuda… was born in Bermuda…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
…is not evident to me.
Green is giving a premise
that will bridge this gap
that Red perceived between
the two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

21. Because “one born in Bermuda is
covered by the Citizenship Act.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
…is not evident to me.
Green is giving a premise
that will bridge this gap
that Red perceived between
the two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

22. Because “one born in Bermuda is
covered by the Citizenship Act.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
…is not evident to me.
Green is giving a premise
that will bridge this gap
that Red perceived between
the two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

23. Because “one born in Bermuda is
covered by the Citizenship Act.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
…is not evident to me.
Green is giving a premise
that will bridge this gap that
Red perceived between the
two predicates.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

24. OK. I see it now. I’ll
remove my objection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
The connection…
Red now sees that “was born
in Bermuda” can be connected …is not evident to me.
to “is a British subject” with
this new predicate.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

25. OK. I see it now. I’ll
remove my objection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
Red now sees that “was born
in Bermuda” can be connected
to “is a British subject” with
this new predicate.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

26. But I don’t see how you
know “Harry was born in
Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

27. But I don’t see how you
know “Harry was born in
Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
Red is making an objection
to this nexus.
In effect, Red is saying that
at this point in the dialogue,
“I do not accept that “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

28. But I don’t see how you
know “Harry was born in
Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
Red is making an objection
to this nexus. The premise…
…has no support.
In effect, Red is saying that
at this point in the dialogue,
“I do not accept that “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

29. Because “Harry said he
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in One who is covered by
Bermuda… the Citizenship Act…
Harry...
….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Citizenship Act.
Red is making an objection
to this nexus. The premise…
…has no support.
In effect, Red is saying that
at this point in the dialogue,
“I do not accept that “Harry
was born in Bermuda.”
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

30. Because “Harry said he
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The premise…
Green separates the
subject and predicate to
…has no support.
show how they are
connected.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

31. Because “Harry said he
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The premise…
…has no support.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

32. Because “Harry said he
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The premise…
…has no support.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

33. Because “Harry said he
was born in Bermuda.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The premise…
…has no support.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

34. OK. I see it now. I’ll
remove my objection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The premise…
…has no support.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

35. OK. I see it now. I’ll
remove my objection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

36. But are you making any
assumptions when you rely
on Harry’s statement?
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

37. But are you making any
assumptions when you rely
on Harry’s statement?
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The assumptions…
…are not revealed..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

38. Yes. I am assuming that
“Harry is truthful.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
The assumptions…
…are not revealed..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

39. Yes. I am assuming that
“Harry is truthful.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry… The assumptions…
…is truthful. …are not revealed..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

40. OK. I see it now. I will
remove my objection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry… The assumptions…
…is truthful. …are not revealed..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

41. OK. I see it now. I will
remove my objection.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry…
…is truthful.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

42. And I know because
Harry has always told me
the truth in the past.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry…
…is truthful.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

43. And I know because
Harry has always told me
the truth in the past.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry…
…is truthful.
Harry… Having always told me the truth indicates he…
…has always told me the truth. …is truthful.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

44. And I know because
Harry has always told me
the truth in the past.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry…
…is truthful.
Harry… Having always told me the truth indicates he…
…has always told me the truth. …is truthful.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

45. And I know because
Harry has always told me
the truth in the past.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry…
…is truthful.
Harry… Having always told me the truth indicates he…
…has always told me the truth. …is truthful.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

46. And I know because
Harry has always told me
the truth in the past.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
Harry…
…is truthful.
Harry… Having always told me the truth indicates he…
…has always told me the truth. …is truthful.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

47. Do you have any other reasons why
“Harry is a British subject?
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

48. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

49. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
One who has a British
passport…
…has a British passport.
Notice again that at least two
transitive premises are needed to
join this second path of reasoning.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

50. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
…has a British passport.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

51. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
…has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Again the subject and predicate are
separated into a transitive pattern.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

52. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
…has a British passport. …is a British subject..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

53. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
…has a British passport. …is a British subject..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

54. Because “Harry has a
British passport.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
…has a British passport. …is a British subject..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

55. My contention is that
“Harry is not a British subject.”
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
…has a British passport. …is a British subject..
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

56. My contention is that
“Harry is not a British subject.”
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

57. And the reason is that he gave up
his British citizenship.
ddddddddddddddddddd
d
…gave up his British …is a not British
citizenship. subject.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

58. And the reason is that he gave up
his British citizenship.
One who gave up his
Harry... British citizenship...
…gave up his British …is a not British
citizenship. subject.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

59. And the reason is that he gave up
his British citizenship.
One who gave up his
Harry... British citizenship...
…gave up his British …is a not British
citizenship. subject.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

60. And the reason is that he gave up
his British citizenship.
One who gave up his
Harry... British citizenship...
…gave up his British …is a not British
citizenship. subject.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

61. And the reason is that he gave up
his British citizenship.
One who gave up his
Harry... British citizenship...
…gave up his British …is a not British
citizenship. subject.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

62. And the reason is that he gave up
his British citizenship.
One who gave up his
Harry... British citizenship...
…gave up his British …is a not British
citizenship. subject.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

63. I accept your contention.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
TRANSITIVITY™
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

64. I accept your contention.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
TRANSITIVITY™
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

65. Thank you.
Harry...
…is not a British
subject.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
TRANSITIVITY™
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

66. TRANSITIVITY™
APPENDIX
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

67. Is there a way to condense this
argument map and still retain
the essential information?
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

68. Yes! You just have to cross-
out the redundant phrases.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

69. Yes! You just have to cross-
out the redundant phrases.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
One who was born in
Saying he was born in One who is covered by
Harry... Bermuda…
Bermuda, means he… the Citizenship Act…
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda. …is a British subject..
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
One who has a British
passport…
Harry...
TRANSITIVITY™ …has a British passport. …is a British subject..
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

70. And this is what is left.
main contention
Harry...
…is a British subject.
1
….said he was born in ….is covered by the
….was born in Bermuda.
Bermuda. Citizenship Act.
2
…has a British passport.
TRANSITIVITY™
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

71. Is there a way to visualize an
argument that has conditional
elements as exists for a statute?
main contention
Harry...
…is eligible for citizenship.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

72. Sure.
main contention
Harry...
…is eligible for citizenship.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

73. Sure.
main contention
Harry...
…is eligible for citizenship.
1
One who meets the two
Harry… required elements of the
Citizenship Act…
….meets the two
required elements of the ….is eligible for citizenship..
Citizenship Act.
Harry…
Harry...
…has been a resident …is job compliant.
for five year.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

74. Please show me how you would
map different objections.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

75. The object… An object that looks red to Rudy…
…looks red to Rudy. ...is red.
The object...
...is red.
main contention
The object...
...is green.
The object... An object that looks green to Gary…
…looks green to Gary. ...is green.
An object that looks green to Gary…
Gary…
...could be illuminated by a green light.
…is color blind.
The object...
…was illuminated by a white light.
TRANSITIVITY™ Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge

76. TRANSITIVITY™
argument visualization/
educational and business training
and consulting:
transitivity@comcast.net
Copyright © 2007 Joseph A. Laronge