1. 1865-1895 Timeline
Jessica Dotson
1850 1857 1859 1860
Frederick Law Social Darwinism- Monopolies-
Bessemer Process
An idea that stated The idea that
introduced- Olmsted-
that the social order complete control
A process Landscape architect
is accounted as the over an industry's
developed by Henry that spearheaded
the movement for product of natural production, wages,
Bessemer; Involved
selection of those and prices can be
injecting air into planned urban
persons best suited achieved by a firm
molten iron to parks; planned
Central Park, to existing living that has bought out
remove the carbon
conditions; based off all it’s competitors.
and other impurities. Washington D.C.
of Darwin’s idea of
and St. Louis
biological evolution.
BEFORE

2. http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/homestead-act/
http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/ohkf/articleok.html
1862 1862 1864 1867
Homesteaders-
Homestead Act- Sand Creek Massacre- Oliver Kelley-
Someone who
An act that was One of the most tragic Started an
settles lawfully on
passed by congress events in which many organization for
government land
that offered 160 inhabitants of Sand farmers called the
granted by the
acres of land free to Creek were killed due to Patrons of
Homestead Act with
any citizen or John Chivington and his Husbandry.
the intent to acquire
intended citizen who troops descending on the
title to it.
was the head of the Cheyanne and Arapaho
household. This act people.
was taken
advantage of up
until 1900.
BEFORE

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad
http://www.ebay.com/itm/New-Boss-TWEED-and-Tammany-Hall-Notorious-Americans-and-Their-Times-Homeschool-/200726216380
Jan. 1,
1868 1869 1869
1867
Grandfather Clause- Transcontinental
Tammany Hall- Tweed Ring-
Railroad-
Stated that if a man New York’s powerful A group of corrupt
Continuous network
failed the literacy democratic political politicians led by
of railroads that
test or could not machine ran by Boss Tweed and
afford the poll tax, opened; links the
Boss Tweed. began defrauding
Atlantic and Pacific
he was still entitled New York City;
Coasts. This helped
to vote if his father Schemed the
or grandfather had open up
construction of the
unpopulated interior
been eligible by New York Court
regions of continents
January 1, 1867. House involving a
to settlement.
major graft.

4. http://ncpedia.org/farmers-alliance
http://theragblog.blogspot.com/2012/01/bob-feldman-
populism-labor-organizing.html
1870
National Farmer’s Southern Farmer’s Colored Farmer’s
Grange-
Alliance-
An organization for Alliance- Alliance-
An alliance that sent
farmers of which it’s One branch of the Second branch of
lecturers from town
original purpose was farmers alliance that the alliance that
to town to educate
to social outlet and was the largest included over
people about topics
educational forum alliance. It included 250,000 African
such as lower
for isolated farm white southern American’s. They
interest rates on farmers. Their goal worked to help it’s
families. This
loans, and
organization gave was to end adverse members
government control
rise to the following effects of the crop- economically by
over railroads and
Farmers Alliances. linen system on setting up
banks. farmers. cooperatives.
Organizations that Improved Farming

5. http://blog.eogn.com/eastmans_onl
ine_genealogy/2012/04/no-family-
names-were-not-changed-at-ellis-
island.html
http://www.pbs.org/marktwain/scra
pbook/05_gilded_age/index.html
1870 1870 1871 1873
Ellis Island- Gilded Age- Civil Service- Patronage-
Inspection The period in the Government Giving of
Immigration station United States which administration; government jobs to
in New York Harbor. was characterized believed the jobs people who had
Determined by a greatly should go to the helped get a
admission into the expanding economy most qualified candidate elected;
United States; about and the rapid growth persons, and it policy was known as
2% were denied of the population. shouldn’t matter the spoils system.
entry. They were what political views
inspected physically, they held or who
governmentally, and recommended them.
economically. Established in 1871.

6. http://www.manataka.org/page1134.ht
ml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitting_Bull
1876
Sitting Bull- Nez Perce- Chief Joseph- The Battle of Little Big Horn-
Leader of Hunkpapa An Indian tribe that When the Nez Perce The battle that resulted in Sitting
Siox, as well as a was forced off of were forced off of Bull’s determination to have the
warrior, spiritual their tribal lands in their land, he tried to whites leave Siox territory. Sitting Bull
leader, and Wallowa County, resist peacefully but refused to sign the Treaty of Fort
medicine man. He Oregon. They lived eventually began Laramie which led to a lot of tension.
was determined that in the Pacific fighting. Later, Sitting Bull had a vision of
the whites should Northwest region of being attacked during a Siox Sun
leave Siox territory. the United States. dance so he readied his men and
He led his people by Led by Chief outflanked Custard, killing them all.
the strength of his Joseph. Yet, Sitting Bull ended up
character and surrendering to the Federal
purpose. government.

7. http://thepoliticalcarnival.net/2012/07/15/its-the-poll-tax-
stupid/
http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/03/dayint
ech_0310
1876 1876 1877 1879
Alexander Graham Telephone- Poll Tax- Jacob Riis-
Invention that largely Annual tax that had Danish-American
Bell- Invented the
improved to be paid before social reformer,
telephone with
communication. A qualifying to vote. journalist, and
Thomas Watson,
which opened the way to speak to Blacks, as well as photographer; used
people over a white share photos and
way for a world-wide
distance, croppers, were often journalism to help
communications
network. electronically. too poor to pay and New York; Endorsed
Affected office work could not vote. “model tenements”.
and created new
jobs for women in
the clerical work
force.

8. https://mstartzman.pbworks
.com/w/page/35159542/du
mbbell%20tenement
%20(first)
http://weaselzippers.us/201
2/07/10/holder-compares-
voter-id-laws-to-jim-crow-
we-call-those-poll-taxes/
1879 1880 1880 1880
Dumbbell Tenements- Segregation- Kickback- Jim Crow Laws-
Tenements built in New Laws that were Illegal payments for Supreme Court
York City after the passed by southern the services of failed to overturn the
Tenement House Act of states to separate political machines. poll tax and
1879 and before the New white and black Enriched the grandfather clause,
York State Tenement people in public and machines. even though they
House Act of 1901. High private facilities. violated all the rights
rise urban building that blacks were entitled
provided barrack-like to. Southern states
housing for urban slum passed segregation
dwellers. laws to separate
blacks and whites in
facilities.
1870’s-1880’s

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_p
ot
http://keithmallett.com/cats_in_hats_e
tchings
1880 1881 1883 1885
Ragtime- Melting Pot- Graft- Ida B. Wells-
A blend of African A mixture of people The illegal use of Moved to Memphis in the
American spirituals of different cultures political influence for early 1880’s to work as a
and European and races who personal gain; once teacher, but became an
musical forms. blended together by a political machine editor for the local
Originated in the abandoning their got its candidates newspaper who focused
saloons of the south. native language and into office, it could her reports in racial justice.
Later led to jazz, cultures. Many take numerous Later 3 of her friends that
rhythm, and native-born opportunities for were African American
rock’n’roll; emulated Americans thought graft. businessmen were illegally
image of “loud, this of their country. executed without trial.
loose, American
Rebel”.
1880’s

10. http://pmpaspeaki
ngofprecision.com
/2011/02/11/thom
as-edison-164-
years-and-what-
do-you-get/
http://silentcal.com
/?tag=samuel-
gompers
1880 1884 1884 1886
Thomas Alva Mugwumps- Scabs- Samuel Gompers-
Eddison- A republican who A strikebreaker, or Led the Cigar
Perfected and refused to support person who works Markers’
patented the the Republican Party despite the will of International Union
incandescent light nominee for other employees. to join with other
bulb; invented an president, James G. Henry Frick hired craft unions;
entire system for Blaine, in the 1884 armed guards to president of The
producing and election. protect steel plants American Federation
distributing electrical so he could hire of Labor.
power. Also scabs to keep the
established world’s plants operating.
first research
laboratory. (1876)

11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Haymarket_affair
http://myona.com/2012/01/
19/eastman-kodak-
company-files-bankruptcy-
protection/george-eastman-
kodak/
1886 1887 1887 1888
Haymarket Affair- Interstate Commerce Dawes Act- George Eastman-
Labor leaders Commission- Act passed by Developed a series
pressed for a Established the right of congress that was of more convenient
change and 3,000 federal government to aiming to alternatives to the
people gathered at supervise railroad “Americanize” the heavy glass plates
Chicago’s activities and also Native Americans. It previously used.
Haymarket Square established a five broke up the Aimed his products
to protest police member commission. reservations and at the masses.
brutality. Riot started gave some to Introduced the
and police began to individual Native Kodak camera which
turn against the Americans. prompted many
labor movement. Americans to
become amateur
photographers.

12. http://jwa.org/me
dia/settlement-
houses-2-still-
image
http://www.legen
dsofamerica.com
/na-
ghostdance.html
1889 1889 1890 1890
Settlement House- Jane Adams- Ghost Dance- John D. Rockefeller-
Community centers Very influential Ritual dance that, if Established the
in slum women involved in performed by the Standard Oil
neighborhoods that the settlement Siox, Native Company and
provided assistance house movements. American lands and Rockefellers
to people in the She was also the co- way of life would be Foundation; Gained
area, especially founder of Chicago’s restored. This total control over oil
immigrants. Hull House in 1889. movement spread industry and
among 25,000 Siox produced 2/3 of the
on the Dakota country’s crude oil.
Reservation.

13. https://wikispaces.psu.edu/di
splay/IST432TEAM16/II.
+Background+of+Antitrust+L
egislation
http://www.crmvet.org/info/lit
ques.htm
1890 1890 1891 1892
Sherman Antitrust Literacy Test- Collective Socialism-
Act- A test that tested a Bargaining- An economic and
Act passed that person’s reading Negotiations political system
made it illegal to skills. Some states between based on
form a trust that limited the vote to representatives of government control
interfered with free people who could labor and of business and
trade between states read and required management, property and equal
or with other officials to usually aimed at distribution of
countries. administer this test. wages, hours, and wealth.
Blacks were often working conditions.
asked more difficult
questions than
whites.

14. http://www.lib.n
iu.edu/1994/ihy
941208.html
http://www.cult
urequest.us/ec
omm/annstillm
an/Plessy
%20VS
%20F.html
1894 1894 1895 1896
Eugene V. Debs- Pullman Strike- W.E.B. Dubois- Plessy vs. Ferguson-
Attempted to form Pullman company The first African Supreme court ruled
an industrial union of refused to restore American to receive that separation of
which all laborers, wages after an a doctrine from races in public
skilled and unskilled increase in Harvard. Founded accommodations was
alike, are included employee rent, so the Niagara legal and did not
(American Railway employees went on Movement which violate the 14th
Union). Won a strike strike. ARU began to insisted that blacks amendment.
for higher wages; boycott Pullmans seek a Liberal Arts Established doctrine of
over 150,000 joined. trains. education so that “separate but equal”
the African which allowed states to
American separate them but
community would provide equal service.
have well educated
leaders (1905).

15. http://www.politico.com/bl
ogs/jonathanmartin/0608
/Obama_could_give_cro
ss_of_gold_speech_and
_still_lose_too.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Andrew_Carnegie
1996 1899 1900 1902
“Cross of Gold” Andrew Carnegie- Urbanization- Debt Peonage-
Speech- Worked for the Pennsylvania Growth of cities A system that bound
Speech delivered by Railroad and reported messages mostly in the regions laborers into slavery
William Jennings that prevented wrecks. This gave of the Northeast and in order to work off a
Bryan at the 1896 him a chance to buy stock. He Midwest. Had major debt to the
Democratic National was one of the first moguls to rise in 1900. Result employer. Mexicans
Convention in make their own fortune from rags of growing industrial and African
Chicago. (June 8) to riches. Established Carnegie strength of the U.S. Americans in the
Helped gain him the Steel Company- manufactured which was caused southwest were
democratic more steel than all the steel by the technological forced to do this. It
presidential companies in Britain. He gained boom in the 19th wasn’t until 1911
nomination. Decried success due to his business century. that the Supreme
the Gold Standard. strategies. Court declared in
involuntary.

16. http://celebrating20
0years.noaa.gov/fo
undations/aviation_
weather/libr0575.ht
ml
http://angelisland.or
g/history/
1903 1910
Orville and Wilbur Wright- Angel Island-
Brothers that were bicycle Inspection immigration station in
manufacturers that began to San Francisco Bay; where Asians
experiment with engines arriving on the West Coast gained
powerful enough to make admission. Immigrants endured
something heavier than air harsh questioning and long
fly.Later made the first detention in filthy buildings. Over
successful flight with a biplane 50,000 entered between 1910 and
on December 17 in Kitty Hawk, 1940.
NC.