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Diameter overview
                                                    TWG joint meeting
                                                       Xiamen, China
                                                       June 29, 2004


                                                       John Loughney
                                                     Research Manager
                                                    Nokia Research Center
                                                  john.loughney@nokia.com



1   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
AAA & Diameter
              • Next generation Authentication, Authorization &
                Accounting protocol
              • Consists of base specification and applications
                         • MIP
                         • Network Access Server (Dial-up / PPP / SLIP environment)
                         • SIP Services
                         • Accounting Extensions




2   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
RADIUS Standard Model




                                                  Diameter Roaming




3   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Short comings of RADIUS
              • Backoff unspecified
              • Failover unspecified
              • Application layer acknowledgement missing
              • Undefined proxy behavior
              • No error messages prevent intelligent failure response
              • Transport security has no confidentiality, known attacks
              • Replay protection only in post-processing
              • No object security, subject to man-in-the-middle attacks.




4   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Diameter Examples
                                                   Diameter Connections and Sessions

                                      Server                       relay                  Server


                                                   Peer connection A       Peer connection B


                                                               User session X

                                                  Translation of RADIUS to Diameter

                                                  RADIUS Req                       Diameter Req
                                                                  Translation                      Home
                       NAS
                                                  RADIUS Ans        Agent          Diameter Ans    Server



5   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Diameter Proxy Example
                                                  local service   home service
                                                    provider        provider


                                                   Primary         Primary
                                                    Proxy           Home
                                                   Server          Server
                  Network
                  Access
                   Server

                                                    Backup         Backup
                                                     Proxy         Home
                                                    Server         Server




6   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
AAA-SIP in 3GPP Rel. 5
                                                                                                          Diameter
                                                                             SLF                    HSS                    AS
                                                                                                                Sh
                                                                                        Diameter                     ISC
                                                                                   Dx          Cx              Cx
                                                                                                    Diameter
                                      Gm                                                                                        Mr
                                                                   Mw                          Mw
             UE                                   P-CSCF                     I-CSCF                       S-CSCF                      MRFC

                                                                                                                                         Megaco
                              Compression                                                       Mi
                                                              COPS for
                                                  Go                                                      SIP                         MRFP
                                                          Policy Control

                                                       GGSN
                                                                                                          Mj

                                                                                        BGCF                               MGCF              SGW
                                                                                                          SIP                                SIP-ISUP

                                                                                                                Megaco           Mc
                                                              Visited      Home
                                                              Domain       Domain
                                                                                                                           MGW




7   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Stardards Work to Do
              • Diameter Base Specification just submitted.
              • Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application nearly ready (needed
                by 3GPP2).
              • Diameter NASREQ Application nearly ready.
              • CMS Security Application, needed for e2e security
              • AAA Key Distribution
              • SIP-AAA Requirements
              • Diameter Mobile IPv6 Application
              • Diameter Multimedia Application (3GPP rel. 6)
              • Diameter Credit Control Application (3GPP rel. 6)
              • May need extensions to support session mobility.


8   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Vision
                                                           GSM/GPRS
                                                                                 Multi-radio
                                                                                 mobile
                                                              DSL                access

                                                                                 Session
                                                             WLAN                mobility

                                                                                 Access to
                                                            WCDMA                SIP services


                                                  For phones, laptops and PDAs
                                                       Same authentication
                                                    Same end-to-end security
                                                        Same applications
                                                      Same service provider
9   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
                                                            Same bill
Operator Services
                                                                              GSM
                                                                            roaming

            Corporate
             intranet                                                                   SS7
                                                                                                    Billing system
                                                     Internet                     SMSC               Diameter and
     VPN Gateway                                                                                     DNS servers

                                                                                AAA Server
                                                                                                    Charging
                                                                                                    Gateway
                                                                                Access Controller



                                                                      Router/firewall                   Operator site

                                                                Any WLAN card




10    © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
GPRS-WLAN Service Mobility
Service/Access selection based on common:                          GPRS-WLAN          Common connectivity to corporate:
                                                                   common             • Existing L2/L3 connections
• Subscription (GPRS ”access points”)                              subscriber data
• Terminal configuration (opt.)                                                       • Corporate IP address (security)
                                                                                      • Optional authentication
                                                                                                            Diameter Server
                                                              Auth. Server                                  DHCP
                                            Internet
                                                                                                              Corporate
              AP         Access Zone                         Operator IP
                                                                                                             Operator
                       LAN, VLAN,                  AC       IP tunnel with   Home
                                                            IETF protocol    AC
                                                                                                          services incl.
                       or IP tunnel                (opt.)
                                                                                                       intelligent content

 Managed IP flow enables common:
 • Control of direct Internet access                          Common service awareness:
 • Support of existing terminals                              • Differentiated and pre-paid charging
                                                                for corporate and intelligent Web content
 • Service guarantee and QoS
 • Roaming through GRX


11   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
SIP enables service convergence
                                                                         Telephony conversational
                                                                               connectivity
                                                                                        Separate,
                                                                                     telecom-driven
                                                          Telephone
                               Mobile                                                   standards


                     Wireless PDA
                                                           (SIP) phone                    Common,
                                                                                          IP-driven
                                                                                     call/session set-up
                                                                         SIP conversational
                                                                            connectivity
                                                           Laptop with       plus more:
                                                             WLAN
                                                                          Presence, instant
                                                   PC
                                                                       messaging, file sharing,
                                        Mobile
12   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
                                                                              video …
Multi-Access to IP Multimedia Core
                                                                           CPS
                                                   rich call               session control         presence, messaging,
                            Internet               streaming                                       group services
                                                   etc.             IP Multimedia
                                                                   Core & Services

                                                                                                         Device mobility (Mobile IP)
                                                                                                         Service mobility (SIP + presence)
           browsing,     messaging,
         downloading,      video
       VPN remote access                                                                    all
                                                                                        multimedia                          local services
                                                                        Cellular         services                         supplemented by
                                                                                                                          operator services
                                                                   wide-area network
                 Operator WLAN
                public access zones                                                                      DSL Broadband
                                                                                                          offices, homes
                                                           voice

                                                                                             end-user
                                                                                             control


13   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Operator Services
              • Provide Authorization Services.
              • Provide Authentication Services.
              • Sell branded content networks.
              • Provide roaming brokers.
              • PKI services.




14   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
Summary
              • Integrating different access technologies (3G, WLAN, DSL,
                Dial-up):
                        • increases the potential for increasing subscribers.
                        • increases accesses to services.
              • Integrating/harmonizing signaling:
                        • harmonizes network infrastructure.
                        • simplifies network management.
                        • simplifies charging/billing.
                        • simplifies the user experience.




15   © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney

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Diameter Overview

  • 1. Diameter overview TWG joint meeting Xiamen, China June 29, 2004 John Loughney Research Manager Nokia Research Center john.loughney@nokia.com 1 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 2. AAA & Diameter • Next generation Authentication, Authorization & Accounting protocol • Consists of base specification and applications • MIP • Network Access Server (Dial-up / PPP / SLIP environment) • SIP Services • Accounting Extensions 2 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 3. RADIUS Standard Model Diameter Roaming 3 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 4. Short comings of RADIUS • Backoff unspecified • Failover unspecified • Application layer acknowledgement missing • Undefined proxy behavior • No error messages prevent intelligent failure response • Transport security has no confidentiality, known attacks • Replay protection only in post-processing • No object security, subject to man-in-the-middle attacks. 4 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 5. Diameter Examples Diameter Connections and Sessions Server relay Server Peer connection A Peer connection B User session X Translation of RADIUS to Diameter RADIUS Req Diameter Req Translation Home NAS RADIUS Ans Agent Diameter Ans Server 5 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 6. Diameter Proxy Example local service home service provider provider Primary Primary Proxy Home Server Server Network Access Server Backup Backup Proxy Home Server Server 6 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 7. AAA-SIP in 3GPP Rel. 5 Diameter SLF HSS AS Sh Diameter ISC Dx Cx Cx Diameter Gm Mr Mw Mw UE P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF MRFC Megaco Compression Mi COPS for Go SIP MRFP Policy Control GGSN Mj BGCF MGCF SGW SIP SIP-ISUP Megaco Mc Visited Home Domain Domain MGW 7 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 8. Stardards Work to Do • Diameter Base Specification just submitted. • Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application nearly ready (needed by 3GPP2). • Diameter NASREQ Application nearly ready. • CMS Security Application, needed for e2e security • AAA Key Distribution • SIP-AAA Requirements • Diameter Mobile IPv6 Application • Diameter Multimedia Application (3GPP rel. 6) • Diameter Credit Control Application (3GPP rel. 6) • May need extensions to support session mobility. 8 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 9. Vision GSM/GPRS Multi-radio mobile DSL access Session WLAN mobility Access to WCDMA SIP services For phones, laptops and PDAs Same authentication Same end-to-end security Same applications Same service provider 9 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney Same bill
  • 10. Operator Services GSM roaming Corporate intranet SS7 Billing system Internet SMSC Diameter and VPN Gateway DNS servers AAA Server Charging Gateway Access Controller Router/firewall Operator site Any WLAN card 10 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 11. GPRS-WLAN Service Mobility Service/Access selection based on common: GPRS-WLAN Common connectivity to corporate: common • Existing L2/L3 connections • Subscription (GPRS ”access points”) subscriber data • Terminal configuration (opt.) • Corporate IP address (security) • Optional authentication Diameter Server Auth. Server DHCP Internet Corporate AP Access Zone Operator IP Operator LAN, VLAN, AC IP tunnel with Home IETF protocol AC services incl. or IP tunnel (opt.) intelligent content Managed IP flow enables common: • Control of direct Internet access Common service awareness: • Support of existing terminals • Differentiated and pre-paid charging for corporate and intelligent Web content • Service guarantee and QoS • Roaming through GRX 11 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 12. SIP enables service convergence Telephony conversational connectivity Separate, telecom-driven Telephone Mobile standards Wireless PDA (SIP) phone Common, IP-driven call/session set-up SIP conversational connectivity Laptop with plus more: WLAN Presence, instant PC messaging, file sharing, Mobile 12 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney video …
  • 13. Multi-Access to IP Multimedia Core CPS rich call session control presence, messaging, Internet streaming group services etc. IP Multimedia Core & Services Device mobility (Mobile IP) Service mobility (SIP + presence) browsing, messaging, downloading, video VPN remote access all multimedia local services Cellular services supplemented by operator services wide-area network Operator WLAN public access zones DSL Broadband offices, homes voice end-user control 13 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 14. Operator Services • Provide Authorization Services. • Provide Authentication Services. • Sell branded content networks. • Provide roaming brokers. • PKI services. 14 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney
  • 15. Summary • Integrating different access technologies (3G, WLAN, DSL, Dial-up): • increases the potential for increasing subscribers. • increases accesses to services. • Integrating/harmonizing signaling: • harmonizes network infrastructure. • simplifies network management. • simplifies charging/billing. • simplifies the user experience. 15 © NOKIA 2003 diameter.ppt / John A. Loghney