The document discusses the development opportunities and economic impact of Greek ports. It notes that transit traffic currently represents the largest untapped growth opportunity for Greek ports. Expanding transshipment traffic and improving land transport infrastructure could allow Greek ports to serve as a major logistics hub for Southeast Europe, similar to the role played by large Northern European ports. This would create thousands of new jobs and significantly increase GDP.

1. Development Opportunities of Greek Ports &
Contribution to the Greek Economy
Presentation to the European Maritime Week Conference
May 23rd, 2013

2. - 1 -
Development opportunities and challenges vary depending on the type of demand:
Transit Traffic
Traffic from / to other countries transported to / from the port using land
transportation.
The relevant economies affect the size of the market and the
competitiveness of each port (including access) its own market share.
Transshipment
Traffic
Traffic that reaches the port on large / smaller vessels and get reloaded
to smaller / large vessels to be forwarded to the final destination.
The geographic proximity of the port to the main shipping routes is a
key parameter affecting transshipment potential.
Domestic Traffic
Domestic traffic originating from the country or with a final destination in
the country.
The market is affected by the country’s economy while port
competitiveness affects the relevant market shares.

3. - 2 -
Also, each type of demand has very different economic impact in terms of job
creation and GDP growth.
Transshipment
Demand
Import / Export
Demand
Transit Demand
• Mainly in-
port impact
• In-port impact
• Local warehousing
and inland transport
• In-port impact
• Logistics Centers
• International transport
• Multi-modality

4. - 3 -
Transit traffic, which would have the largest value added, is very small in Greek
ports and represents possibly the largest untapped opportunity for growth.
Domestic
Demand
1.0 mn
Transit
Demand
0.05 mn
Transshipment
Traffic
2.0 mn
Total Traffic 2012
3.1 mn TEUs*
*Small discrepancies due to rounding – source
company published data
Outlook Comments
?
Domestic economic conditions /
level of containerization of exports.
Geographic position and investment
program, especially at Piraeus.
Possibly the largest growth
opportunity

5. - 4 -
Greece has an advantageous geographical position for its ports to serve the Asia –
South East Europe trade.
Market estimated
at about 1 – 2.5
mn TEUs

6. - 5 -
Overall trends are supportive of this effort, as the Europe – Asia trade is increasing
and Mediterranean ports are strengthening their position as gateways to Europe.
27%
41%
48%
73%
59%
52%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990 2000 2011
European and Mediterranean
container traffic
Mediterranean North Europe
marketshare
intheregion
0
5
10
15
20
25
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Maritime Container trade on East -West
Routes
Transpacific Europe-Far East Transatlantic
millionTEUs
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD),
Review of Maritime Transport 2012
Source: Containerization International, National Bank of Greece Sector Report 4/2013

7. - 6 -
To exploit these opportunities, land transport infrastructure is critical and, given
the current situation of both Greece and of other countries on the route to Central
Europe, significant investments may be needed.
Country
Road Infrastructure
Score (rank)
Rail Infrastructure
Score (rank)
Greece 4.0 (71) 2.5 (69)
Bulgaria 2.5 (129) 3.0 (56)
FYROM 3.0 (108) 1.9 (93)
Serbia 2.7 (122) 1.7 (102)
Romania 1.9 (142) 2.2 (83)
Slovenia 5.0 (38) 3.1 (54)
Hungary 4.0 (69) 3.5 (42)
Croatia 5.3 (29) 3.2 (49)
Italy 4.3 (57) 3.6 (40)
France 6.5 (1) 6.3 (4)
Spain 5.9 (13) 5.7 (8)
Quality of Transportation Infrastructure in Selected Countries
Source: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2012-
2013. Rank is out of 144 countries.

8. - 7 -
In essence, Greece could play the same role for SE Europe as Northern European
ports do for North Europe. Based on the provision of integrated services, these
ports have become major contributors to GDP and employment.
Port
Value
Added
(€ bn)
Value Added as
% of Region’s
GDP
Value Added as
% of National
GDP
Employment
Port Cluster
Region
Le Havre / Rouen 7.0 21.3% 0.4% 55,000 Seine-Maritime
Antwerp 9.8 15.5% 2.9% 65,000 Antwerpen
Rotterdam 12.8 10.3% 2.2% 75,000 Zuid-Holland
Amsterdam 1.9 1.9% 0.3% 15,000 Noord-Holland
Zeebrugge 0.9 2.7% 0.3% N/A West-Vlaanderen
Source: Merck, O., et al (2011), “The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities: the Case of the Seine Axis (Le Havre,
Rouen, Paris, Caen) – France”, OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2011/07, OECD Publishing.

9. - 8 -
Conclusions
Greece has the potential to become a major logistics hub for South
East Europe.
Driven by the ports, this development would create a dynamic port
cluster as per the ones of the Northern European ports. The transport
sector will be a major value contributor.
Such a development would not only support economic growth but
would also increase the overall importance of Greece in the region
possibly starting a virtuous growth cycle.

10. - 9 -
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