JOBI MATHAI

2.  Biomedical waste- is defined as the waste
generated during the diagnosis treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities pertaining there to or in the
production of testing
 Biomedical wate is generated in different
department of the hospital in health care setting ,
about 85% of the waste generated is non
hazardous, about 10% is infection and 5% non
infection but hazardous waste

3.  a)Clinical waste: Clinical waste includes body fluid,
drainage bags, blood collection tubes, vials,
 culture dishes, other types of broken/unbroken glassware
that were in contact with infectious agents,
 gauze, bandage or any other materials that were in contact
with infectious agents or blood,
 pathological waste including organs, body parts, tissues.
These are potentially dangerous and presents
 a high risk of infection.
 .

4.  b)Laboratory waste: Laboratory waste is also of high risk
category. This includes chemicals used in
 the pathological laboratories, microbial cultures, and clinical
specimens, slide, culture dish, needle,
 syringes, as well as radioactive waste such as iodine-125,
iodine -131, etc.
 .

5.  c)Non-clinical waste: Wrapping paper, office
paper, and plastic that have not been in contact
with
 patient body fluid are the examples of non- clinical
waste
 d) Kitchen waste: Kitchen waste includes food
waste, dirty water, etc. It is also a potential source
of
 pests and vermin, thus creates an indirect hazard
to staff and hospital patients

6.  Waste is collected from a small bowl or bin, kept under
each bed in a hospital or a clinic and then either
 in a large plastic bag or a (plastic or metal) bucket.
With a push cart these wastes are then carried to the

7. nearest municipal bin for dumping. The municipal bins
are either within hospital premises or outside the
municipal bins
 . This waste is then collected from municipal bins by
trucks and carried to the landfill area for final disposal
 hospital. Waste from operation theaters,
laboratories and hospital kitchens are also dumped
into the same

8.  Medical waste usually consists of clinical and non-clinical
waste. Such pollutants can, therefore, be
 broadly classified into solid wastes, and liquid waste
(wastewater). Both are important sources of
 environmental degradation and constitute a health hazard.


9.  For example the soil on which waste is dumped
is a reservoir of microbial life. Also waste-
contaminated water contains pathogenic micro-
organisms
which can cause many diseases.

10.  Destroy the needle and syringes separate sharps in
plastic box provided and send to pharmacy stores

11.  Evaluate the present scenario this entails preaudit and
auditing of hospital waste
 preparation of job charts for hospital waste management
 Asses all cost associated with waste management
 Train the trainees and employers
 Evaluate technical procedures, cost and policies