The document summarizes the history and development of the cooperative movement. It discusses key theorists like Robert Owen and the Rochdale Pioneers who established the first consumer cooperative in 1844 and developed the Rochdale Principles. It also outlines the growth and types of cooperatives worldwide, including consumer cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, banking/credit unions, and more. Major cooperative organizations are mentioned for countries like the UK, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and the US.

1. History of the Cooperative Movement Prepared by: Jo B. Bitonio Philippines

3. Robert Owen (1771–1858) OWEN first cooperative theorist and credited with inspiring the Rochdale Pioneers, who in 1844 began the cooperative movement at Rochdale, Lancashire

5. Owen had the idea of forming "villages of cooperation" where workers would drag themselves out of poverty by growing their own food, making their own clothes and ultimately becoming self-governing. He tried to form such communities in Orbiston in Scotland.

6. It was here that the first co-operative store was opened.

7. His efforts bore fruit in the international cooperative movement, launched at Rochdale, England, in 1844. Owen died on November 17, 1858, in his home town of Newtown

11. He proposed sensible rules, such as having a weekly account audit, having 3 trustees, and not having meetings in pubs (to avoid the temptation of drinking profits).

23. UK, France, Germany, Belgium, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.

24. Notable among the European countries in which consumer cooperation received early popular support were France, Germany, Belgium, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.

25. Euros 11B housing health Credit union doctor Football club buying Whole foods care leisure consumers workers Euros 1.3 B Source: Mr. Bob Burlton Midcounties Co-operative, United Kingdom Aug. 2006 agriculture

27. both noted for promoting ethical investment The UK Co-operative Group insurance provider CIS Co-operative Bank

28. Building cooperative British Building Societies developed into general-purpose savings & banking institutions with "one member, one vote" ownership and can be seen as a form of financial cooperative (although many ' de-mutualised ' into conventionally-owned banks in the 1980s & 1990s).

29. Building cooperative Members of a building cooperative (in Britain known as a self-build housing cooperative) pool resources to build housing, normally using a high proportion of their own labour. When the building is finished, each member is the sole owner of a homestead, and the cooperative may be dissolved .

32. Agricultural cooperative Agricultural cooperatives are widespread in rural areas.

33. out by private traders, producers In Britain agricultural marketing is carried ’ cooperatives, and marketing boards for certain products. The number of marketing boards has been steadily reduced over the past 20 years.

34. Co-operative Wholesale Society According to cooperative economist Charles Gide , the aim of a cooperative wholesale society is to arrange “bulk purchases, and, if possible, organise production.”

35. The best historical example of this were the English CWS and the Scottish CWS, which were the forerunners to the modern Co-operative Group

36. Cooperative Bank, Credit Union & Coop Savings Bank The Co-operative Bank's head office, 1 Balloon Street, Manchester . The statue in front is of Robert Owen , a pioneer in the coopmovement Credit Unions provide a form of cooperative banking

37. Other important European banking cooperatives include the Crédit Agricole in France, Migros and Coop Bank in Switzerland and the Raiffeisen system in many Central and Eastern European countries . European Banking Cooperative

40. Housing cooperative A housing cooperative is a legal mechanism for ownership of housing where residents either own shares (share capital co-op) reflecting their equity in the co-operative's real estate, or have membership and occupancy rights in a not-for-profit co-operative (non-share capital co-op), and they underwrite their housing through paying subscriptions or rent .

41. In Market-rate housing cooperatives , members may sell their shares in the cooperative whenever they like for whatever price the market will bear, much like any other residential property. Market-rate co-ops are very common in New York City .

42. Limited Equity housing cooperatives , which are often used by affordable housing developers, allow members to own some equity in their home, but limit the sale price of their membership share to that which they bought in for.

44. Mutual Insurance Insurance companies are owned by their shareholders, who in return for providing the company with capital by their share purchases, share in the profits in the form of dividends.

46. Retailers' cooperative A retailers' cooperative (often known as a secondary or marketing co-operative in the UK) is an organization which employs economies of scale on behalf of its members to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing. It is common for locally-owned grocery stores , hardware stores and pharmacies . In this case the members of the cooperative are businesses rather than individuals.

47. Social Cooperative Social cooperatives are legally defined as follows: the objective is the general benefit of the community and the social integration of citizens type A cooperatives provide health, social or educational services type B integrate disadvantaged people into the labour market. The categories of disadvantage they target may include physical and mental disability, drug and alcohol addiction, developmental disorders and problems with the law.

48. Consumers Cooperative A consumers' cooperative is a business owned by its customers. Employees can also generally become members. Members vote on major decisions, and elect the board of directors from amongst their own number. A well known example in the United States is the REI (Recreational Equipment Incorporated) co-op, and in Canada: Mountain Equipment Co-op .

49. The world's largest consumer cooperative is the Co-operative Group in the United Kingdom , which offers a variety of retail and financial services. There are also a number of other, independent consumer cooperative societies in the UK, such as the East of England Co-operative Society and Midcounties Co-operative .

51. Utility cooperative A utility cooperative is a public utility that is owned by its customers. It is a type of consumers' cooperative . In the US, many such cooperatives were formed to provide rural electrical and telephone service

54. Denmark

55. Denmark A notable feature of agriculture in Denmark is the influence of the cooperative movement. Cooperative associations dominate the production of dairy products and bacon. A large percentage of agricultural produce is sold through marketing cooperatives.

59. Netherlands Rabobank , cooperative bank in the Netherlands

61. 1. Vion - meat 2. Friesland Foods - dairy 3. Campina - dairy 4. FloraHolland - ornamental 5. Biomenveilling Aaismeer - ornamental 6. The Greenery - vegetables 7. Cosum - sugar 8. Cehava Landbouwbelang - supply 9. Avebe -starch 10. Cabeco Group - Supply, poultry 11. Agrifirm - supply 12. CNB - ornamental 13. DOC Kaas - dairy 14. FresQ - fruits 15. ForFarmers - supply 16. Fruitmasters Group - fruit 17. Agrico - potatoes 18. CZAV - grains 19. CNC - mushrooms 20. HZPC - potatoes NETHERLAND FOOD & AGRI CO-OP TOP 20

62. a. market oriented and entrepreneurial b. member interests in market development c. capitalization and voting rights are distributed to members in proportion to their transaction volume with the coop firm specific capitalization instruments Key Feature of Modern Coops

63. Key Feature of Modern Coops d. member representation is democratic e. members can effectively influence long term strategy f. cooperative constitution in accordance with market condition Source: Dr. Doeke Faber Netherlands Institute for Co-operative Entrepreneurship (NICE) Aug. 2006

64. USA & Canada

66. However, they may also be organized as business corporations or unincorporated associations, such as Limited Liability Companies (LLCs) or partnerships ; such forms are useful when the members want to allow some members a greater share of the control, which may not be allowed under the laws for cooperatives

69. In the United States, there are both marketing and supply cooperatives. Agricultural marketing cooperatives , some of which are government-sponsored, promote and may actually distribute specific commodities. There are also agricultural supply cooperatives , which provide inputs into the agricultural process

71. Switzerland

72. Migros , is the largest supermarket chain in Switzerland and keeps the cooperative society as its form of organization. Nowadays, a large part of the Swiss population are members of the Migros cooperative – around 2 million of Switzerland's total population of 7,2 million[1] [2], thus making Migros a supermarket chain that is owned by its customers Supermarket Chain

74. Israel

76. while the kibbutzim lasted for several generations as utopian communities, most of today's kibbutzim are scarcely different from the capitalist enterprises and regular towns to which the kibbutzim were originally supposed to be alternatives. Today, farming has been partially abandoned in many cases, with hi-tech industries very common in their place.

77. Members of a kibbutz, or kibbutzniks Cooperative Farming in Israel Cooperative farming establishments called kibbutzim and moshavim provide much of Israel’s agricultural

78. Kibbutzim attempted to rotate people into different jobs. One week a person might work in planting, the next week with livestock, the week after in the kibbutz factory, the next week in laundry. Even managers would have to work in menial jobs. Through rotation, people took part in every kind of work, but it interfered with any process of specialization Job Rotation

84. Italy

85. Rome, Italy The view from the Villa Medici shows the many domes and churches in the ancient city of Rome

86. This gives totals of 7,100 social cooperatives, with 267,000 members, 223,000 paid employees, 31,000 volunteers and 24,000 disadvantaged people undergoing integration. Combined turnover is around 5 billion euro. The cooperatives break into three types: 59% type A (social and health services), 33% type B (work integration) and 8% mixed. The average size is 30 workers.

87. India

88. A Market Place in India A vegetable seller checks the accounts at the Crawford Market in Mumbai (Bombay), the capital of the western Indian state of Maharashtra

92. Malaysia 4,771 co-operative with a total membership of 5.5 M members . This represents about 5% of Malaysia’s total population with a total fund of RM 6.06 B with a total asset of RM 25.7 B

95. Japan

96. Cabbage Field, Japan Rain clouds pass over a cabbage field in Nagano, on central Honshu Island. Cabbage is a major crop for domestic consumption in Japan, and features prominently in many Japanese dishes

99. Japan has a very large and well developed consumer cooperative movement with over 14 million members ; retail co-ops alone had a combined turnover of 2.519 trillion Yen ( 21.184 ) billion U.S. Dollars [market exchange rates as of 11/15/2005]) in 2003/4. (Japanese Consumers' Co-operative Union., 2003).

100. Korea

102. Taiwan

105. Thailand

106. Thai rice fields annually produce around 20 million metric tons of rice. As the largest exporter of rice in the world after the United States, Thailand depends considerably on its rice production. Despite the rapid growth and diversification of the Thai economy, the majority of the population are still engaged in agriculture. The Thai government is attempting to institute technological advances, such as flood control, to help farmers prepare for destructive climatic conditions

107. Thai Agricultural Coops

110. Singapore National Coop Federation 74 coops classified as: campus coop sector, credit coop sector, NTUC co-op sector, service co-op sector combined membership of 1.6 M

114. t h a n k s