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Modern
Public Administration




                        Prof. Josefina B. Bitonio, DPA
                                    LNU Dagupan City
Modern Public Administration

• The indicative period of modern public
   administration in the 50s. The sub phases
   include:
  (a) development administration;
  (b) new public administration;
  (c) new public management and
     reinventing government; and PA as
     governance.
“identify crisis.”
The discipline of public administration has been
  characterized as one with a continuing
  “identify crisis.” To a certain extent, it was
  that “identity crisis” that served as theme
  that led to the emergence of the New Public
  Administration movement in the 70s. Rutgers
  (1998) argued in “Paradigm lost: Crisis as
  Identify of the Study of Public
  Administration,” that public administration
  lacked an “epistemological identity.”
“identify crisis.”
In the Philippines, Reyes (2003) revisited the so-
  called “identity crisis” of public administration
  initially raised by various scholars of the
  discipline in his various writings. He
  contended that the crisis revolved around the
  imperative to define a public administration
  rooted to the development aspirations of the
  Philippines. The identity crisis, however,
  continues up to today in the Philippines.
Development Administration
                (1950s to 1960s)

• Development Administration (DA) as a field of study
  emerged in 1950s and 1960s with the third world
  countries as the focal point. The term “third world”
  may be attributed to the French demographer and
  economic historian Alfred Sauvy, who at the height
  of the Cold War in 1952, used the term to
  distinguish developing countries outside the two
  power blocs; namely, the First World and the
  Second World respectively. (Chilcote 1984)
• Nef and Dwivedi (1981) on the other hand,
  attributed the concept of DA to Goswami in
  1955 and later popularized by Riggs and
  Weidner. They coined the term “development
  administration” to refer to developing
  countries which are largely found in Asia, Latin
  America, and Africa.
• These developing countries
  endeavored to make concerted efforts
  in order to be recognized as “emerging
  nations” and to resurrect themselves
  after World War II.
• In the context of “emerging nation,”
  Landau (1970) described DA as the
  engineering of social change. Likewise,
  according to Ilchman (1970), these
  countries were “concerned with increasing
  the capacity of the state to produce goods
  and services to meet and induce changing
  demands.” (Ilchman 1970: 136)
• Gant (1979) on the other hand, defined DA as
  not merely addressing state functions such as
  public service delivery and enforcement of
  laws but the inducement and management of
  change to pursue development aspirations.
  These developing countries were in urgent
  need to implement fundamental reforms in
  their politico-administrative machinery.
• Khator (1998) however, argued that DA was
  built upon several critical assumptions that:
  (1) development needs are the most
  important needs of developing countries, (2)
  the development needs of developing and
  developed countries are inherently different,
  (3) development can be administered, (4)
  developmental know-hows are transferable;
  and (5) the political, social, and cultural
  context of development can be easily altered.
• Likewise, Fred Riggs, in his “Frontiers of
  Development,” identified two foci in
  development administration: development
  of administration and the administration of
  development. Most development
  administration scholars focused more on
  the latter and it subsequently became
  synonymous to the administration of
  development in third world countries.
  (Khator 1998)
Given the situations above, DA maybe
  considered as “management of innovation”
  because it was aimed at helping countries
  that are undergoing reconstruction and
  social transformation.
• In the Philippines, The term
  “development administration” was used
  to suggest that it may be an appropriate
  framework to examine the State’s
  experience as it tries to rebuild its
  institutions within a democratic
  framework, as it struggles to new
  economic, political and social
  challenges, and as it adapts to the
  trends and demands of globalization.
• Additionally, DA principles have been
  among the major themes that ran through
  the various lectures and writings of Raul De
  Guzman, who together with OD Corpuz
  (1986) initially addressed the question: “Is
  there a Philippine PA?” Since the idea was
  to steer developing countries for economic
  development and social progress, the term
  DA became closely associated to foreign
  aid and western models of development.
• These Western countries provide grants and
  aids to developing countries for nation-
  building, economic development, institutional
  strengthening, and people participation in
  development.
• As to administrative reform, which is one of the
  core values of DA, De Guzman (1986) described
  and analyzed the structural and behavioral
  characteristics of the Philippine public
  bureaucracy and argued that the
  “implementation of administrative reform
  should have two major dimensions: reforming
  the structures of the bureaucracy and
  reforming the behavior of those in the
  bureaucracy.” (De Guzman 1986 as cited in
  Brillantes 1994: 8)
• Development administration has always been
  one of the central features of the various long
  and medium term Philippine Development Plans
  since the seventies. The paradigm for
  bureaucratic reform continues to evolve in
  various intellectual and practical debates but
  government continues its work amidst all these.
  Until recently, all Philippine development plans
  since the seventies had a specific chapter
  devoted solely to development administration
Is there a Philippine Public Administration or
        Better Still, for whom is Public
                Administration?
          By; Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez
                            June, 2008

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Modern Public Administration

  • 1. Modern Public Administration Prof. Josefina B. Bitonio, DPA LNU Dagupan City
  • 2. Modern Public Administration • The indicative period of modern public administration in the 50s. The sub phases include: (a) development administration; (b) new public administration; (c) new public management and reinventing government; and PA as governance.
  • 3. “identify crisis.” The discipline of public administration has been characterized as one with a continuing “identify crisis.” To a certain extent, it was that “identity crisis” that served as theme that led to the emergence of the New Public Administration movement in the 70s. Rutgers (1998) argued in “Paradigm lost: Crisis as Identify of the Study of Public Administration,” that public administration lacked an “epistemological identity.”
  • 4. “identify crisis.” In the Philippines, Reyes (2003) revisited the so- called “identity crisis” of public administration initially raised by various scholars of the discipline in his various writings. He contended that the crisis revolved around the imperative to define a public administration rooted to the development aspirations of the Philippines. The identity crisis, however, continues up to today in the Philippines.
  • 5. Development Administration (1950s to 1960s) • Development Administration (DA) as a field of study emerged in 1950s and 1960s with the third world countries as the focal point. The term “third world” may be attributed to the French demographer and economic historian Alfred Sauvy, who at the height of the Cold War in 1952, used the term to distinguish developing countries outside the two power blocs; namely, the First World and the Second World respectively. (Chilcote 1984)
  • 6. • Nef and Dwivedi (1981) on the other hand, attributed the concept of DA to Goswami in 1955 and later popularized by Riggs and Weidner. They coined the term “development administration” to refer to developing countries which are largely found in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.
  • 7. • These developing countries endeavored to make concerted efforts in order to be recognized as “emerging nations” and to resurrect themselves after World War II.
  • 8. • In the context of “emerging nation,” Landau (1970) described DA as the engineering of social change. Likewise, according to Ilchman (1970), these countries were “concerned with increasing the capacity of the state to produce goods and services to meet and induce changing demands.” (Ilchman 1970: 136)
  • 9. • Gant (1979) on the other hand, defined DA as not merely addressing state functions such as public service delivery and enforcement of laws but the inducement and management of change to pursue development aspirations. These developing countries were in urgent need to implement fundamental reforms in their politico-administrative machinery.
  • 10. • Khator (1998) however, argued that DA was built upon several critical assumptions that: (1) development needs are the most important needs of developing countries, (2) the development needs of developing and developed countries are inherently different, (3) development can be administered, (4) developmental know-hows are transferable; and (5) the political, social, and cultural context of development can be easily altered.
  • 11. • Likewise, Fred Riggs, in his “Frontiers of Development,” identified two foci in development administration: development of administration and the administration of development. Most development administration scholars focused more on the latter and it subsequently became synonymous to the administration of development in third world countries. (Khator 1998)
  • 12. Given the situations above, DA maybe considered as “management of innovation” because it was aimed at helping countries that are undergoing reconstruction and social transformation.
  • 13. • In the Philippines, The term “development administration” was used to suggest that it may be an appropriate framework to examine the State’s experience as it tries to rebuild its institutions within a democratic framework, as it struggles to new economic, political and social challenges, and as it adapts to the trends and demands of globalization.
  • 14. • Additionally, DA principles have been among the major themes that ran through the various lectures and writings of Raul De Guzman, who together with OD Corpuz (1986) initially addressed the question: “Is there a Philippine PA?” Since the idea was to steer developing countries for economic development and social progress, the term DA became closely associated to foreign aid and western models of development.
  • 15. • These Western countries provide grants and aids to developing countries for nation- building, economic development, institutional strengthening, and people participation in development.
  • 16. • As to administrative reform, which is one of the core values of DA, De Guzman (1986) described and analyzed the structural and behavioral characteristics of the Philippine public bureaucracy and argued that the “implementation of administrative reform should have two major dimensions: reforming the structures of the bureaucracy and reforming the behavior of those in the bureaucracy.” (De Guzman 1986 as cited in Brillantes 1994: 8)
  • 17. • Development administration has always been one of the central features of the various long and medium term Philippine Development Plans since the seventies. The paradigm for bureaucratic reform continues to evolve in various intellectual and practical debates but government continues its work amidst all these. Until recently, all Philippine development plans since the seventies had a specific chapter devoted solely to development administration
  • 18. Is there a Philippine Public Administration or Better Still, for whom is Public Administration? By; Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez June, 2008