8. Also known as psychosurgery, a lobotomy is the
technical process of cutting into or across a lobe of the
brain, especially in order to modify or eliminate some
functions associated with a mental disorder.
It involves a surgical removal or destruction of a brain
tissue for the purpose of altering behavior, moods, or
mental states.
11. CINGULOTRACTOMY
It is a procedure used to treatment depression-anxiety
states, obsessional neuroses that have not
responded to other treatments.
12. THALAMOTOMY
It is a procedure in which parts of the thalamus are
surgically severed or destroyed.
13. AMYGDALATOMY
It is a procedure in which the parts of the amygdaloid
body are destroyed in a carefully controlled manner.
14. This is a type of chemotechnology in which chemical
drugs are used for behavior control, e.g., various kinds
of mood and thought disorders.
15. This deals with the treatment of nervous and mental
disorders by psychological methods such as
psychoanalysis, hypnosis, reeducation, etc.
16. This stimulates the brain with electricity and the violent
episodes of the patient are aborted.
17.
18.
19. This is a form of behavior modification that is based
on the concept of operant conditioning. The latter
consists of the application of positive or negative
reinforcements.
20. Moral principles of Kant, Ross, Rawls, and Roman
Catholicism rule out psychosurgery that threatens
to destroy individual’s ability to function as an
effective agent. It would undermine his autonomy
and destroy his dignity.
21. Health is necessary for an individual to lead a
normal life – no one can adequately care
for his health alone.
22. INDIVIDUAL’S INHERENT DIGNITY
Everyone in society ought to be entitled to health
care, irrespective of his/her social status, financial
condition, creed, clime or color.
Every individual is a person by virtue of which
everyone has an equal right to medical care.
23. MEDICAL INDIVIDUALISM
To recognize everyone’s right to health care would
result in the violation of the rights of the physicians
and other medical practitioners.
24. SOCIAL COMMITMENT
Rights may be limited when they grant some people
excessive control over the lives of others.
A physician’s medical training is a social commitment
because it is society oriented.
25. TWO KINDS OF CRITERIA
1. Criteria of inclusion (selection of candidates)
2. Criteria of comparison (selection of recipients)
27. CRITERIA OF COMPARISON
Likelihood of successful treatment compared
with others in the group
Life-expectancy of the person
Person’s family role
Potential of the person in making future contributions
Person’s record of services and contributions
28. APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES
Natural Law and Ross would support a random
procedure. We all have a duty to preserve our lives,
but we do sometimes have to risk them in such
situations as in agreeing to abide by the outcome of a
random procedure to decide who will get medical aid
and who should not.
29. APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES
For the rule utilitarian, the “first come, first served”
procedure would be legitimate, although the principle
of utility suggests that we ought to take into
consideration the consequences of sacrificing some
people rather than others.
30. APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES
Rawl’s principles of justice would rule out the
distribution of resources based on social worth.
Whatever benefits are available, must be of
value to all and open to all.
