SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  19
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Policy Transfer using the 'Gold Standard':
Exploring Policy Tourism in Practice
John Hudson University of York, United Kingdom
Bo-Yung Kim Yeoungnam University, Korea
Policy Transfer: new wave?
• New heat in the policy transfer debate
• Ideas from outside policy science
• Critique of linear and rationalist
underpinnings
• Examine processes of learning
• Focus on ‘mundane practices’ of officials
Policy Transfer: new wave?
• Unfair to earlier studies?
• Dolowitz (2012):
– simple v complex learning

– mimicry v concept formation

• Policy transfer networks, epistemic communities
• Tracing processes always been key anyway?
Policy Tourism?
• New wave: focus on (policy) mobilities
• Policy Tourism
– Rich in metaphors…
– Tour guides, tourist gaze

• Return to roots of policy learning literature
‘If you want to learn how a programme
works, there is no substitute for seeing it action’
(Rose, 2005: 57)

‘No substitute for going there’
(Rose, 2005: 64-68)

‘field trips to other countries *… are+ the ‘gold
standard’ for international policy learning’
(Ettelt et al, 2012: 496)
Policy Tourism
• Ties with Evans and Davies model
• Evans argues there is a weak evidence base in the
Policy Transfer literature:
‘because rigorous validation would demand
excellent access to key informants, which is often
beyond the reach of policy scientists’
(Evans, 2009: 399)
Policy Tourism
Evans:
• Identify agents of transfer
• Intentional actions, cross-national
• Avoid focus on clear cut success stories
• Explore voluntary learning

• Focus on policy mobilities demands the same
Evans and Davies Model
The pre-decision process of policy-oriented learning
Problem
Recognition

Search for ideas
& contact with
potential agents of
transfer

Emergence of an
information feeder
network

Decision Processes
Cognition and the
emergence of a policy
transfer network

Elite and cognitive
mobilization and
evaluation of options

Decision enters
formal policy stream

Post-decision processes of policy-oriented learning
Implementation

Monitoring and
evaluation

Ongoing process of
policy learning
Methods
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Explore policy tourism Korea – UK example
Key informants from four study tours to UK
Strict confidentiality/anonymity
Interviews took place 2-3 years after visit
Reflect on nature of learning that took place
5 interviews [cf. Dwyer & Ellison, 2009; Legrand, 2012]
Back translation for Korean – English
Analytic framework: Evans and Davies model
Pre-Decision Processes
1. Problem Recognition
• Stretched a long way back
• Study tours did not set agenda
• Only one small part of policy process
Pre-Decision Processes
2. The Search for Ideas
• Recursive rather than linear
– slow diffusion of ideas, much prior learning

• Study tours about small details?
“Learning lessons from abroad is not just all about going on a trip.
Indeed, we learn a lot more from texts, but we cannot understand how
the policy actually operates, what is going on at the frontline and how
policy environment and atmosphere are, unless we come and see. In
most cases, we research through texts almost 80 percent and we go
out to find out the remaining 20 percent” (P5).
Pre-Decision Processes
3. Emergence of Information Feeder Network
• Wide range of organisations included in network
• Value the visceral?
‘I sent questions [to the civil servants] in advance, they just presented
what was probably a pre-made briefing for all visitors, rather than
answering the questions. […] they just said what I already know’ (P1)
“When we had a meeting with people delivering services, we heard
honest stories. They told us how the [policy] actually worked and about
problems that arose in practice. So we could feel and learn how they
addressed the service user in practice.” (P4)
Decision Processes
• Harder to identify the stages of model here
• Tours only weakly influenced policy decisions
• Indeed, tours sometimes about a break from
politics of policy, chance to reflect
“For four months, when I was making a general plan [for the
policy], I could not sleep properly. Directors and others said I
would fall ill soon by overwork […] everybody needed a [kind of]
break” (P1)
Decision Processes
• Emergence of policy transfer networks
• At best ephemeral
• Policy tourists piece together story back home
Elite cognitive mobilization
• Key decisions already made
• ‘interrupted learning’ (no action follows)
Decision Processes
• But learning occurred
• Might change follow in long run?
“You should keep in your mind this. I wrote my report in 2007. Of
course this policy suggestion might be accepted in the same year
or next, but we usually expect 3 or 5 years. [...] It would be great
if suggestions are immediately accepted, but it is not always the
case [...] Someday they [higher officials] may say, ‘let’s examine
the report you made 2 years ago’, and then it would be either
considered or just left on the shelf forever” (P3)
Post-Decision Processes
• No clear decisions followed
• But learning from abroad noted by the officials
“In making a new policy, having existing examples is very important. It's
not we must follow the details of the example, it's more like having a good
reference point. […] When we persuade the members of National
Assembly or policy makers, it is very effective if we have existing examples
from other countries” (P5)
“Even though action is not taken immediately following the report, I think
we should conduct the research […] It is very common in Korea that policy
makers want something in such a short period of time, even within a
week. For researchers, making suggestions in a short period of time
without enough consideration is such a burden” (P4)
Conclusions
‘while policy change can be the result of learning,
learning can be present when outcomes appear to
remain stable and not alter at all’
(Dunlop, 2009: 296-7)

• Literalist, linear models not supported by our data
• Policy transfer networks much looser than suggested
• Clear barriers to policy transfer from study tours
Conclusions
•
•
•
•

But learning valued for own right
Timing of learning and decision making mismatched
Visceral aspect was emphasised
Like tourists:
–
–
–
–
–

Feel a place
See the hidden sights
A space to reflect
Go back with some changed ideas
But ‘back to business’ when returning home?
‘I think there is a saying, that a picture is better
than a hundred words. Seeing and not seeing
are completely different […] because every
country has a different social and cultural
context, the level of understanding as well as the
depth of impression are different when you just
read compared with when you visit, observe and
have conversations with people actually working
there’ (P4).

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Policy Transfer using the 'Gold Standard': Exploring Policy Tourism in Practice - presentation by John Hudson and Bo-Yung Kim

From Research to Practice & Back Again
From Research to Practice & Back AgainFrom Research to Practice & Back Again
From Research to Practice & Back AgainMichelleHaywood5
 
Policy(style) by anthony
Policy(style) by anthonyPolicy(style) by anthony
Policy(style) by anthonynida19
 
BC Inclusion Presentation. Frederic Fovet From curiosity to buy in
BC Inclusion Presentation.   Frederic Fovet   From curiosity to buy inBC Inclusion Presentation.   Frederic Fovet   From curiosity to buy in
BC Inclusion Presentation. Frederic Fovet From curiosity to buy inFrederic Fovet
 
Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...
Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...
Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...Frederic Fovet
 
Qualitative research by Dr. Subraham Pany
Qualitative research by Dr. Subraham PanyQualitative research by Dr. Subraham Pany
Qualitative research by Dr. Subraham PanySubraham Pany
 
0- session 3 (1).pdf
0- session 3  (1).pdf0- session 3  (1).pdf
0- session 3 (1).pdfLaylaAlKhatib
 
research m & s writing Handout.pptx
research m & s writing Handout.pptxresearch m & s writing Handout.pptx
research m & s writing Handout.pptxhirbogeremew2
 
Bridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobi
Bridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobiBridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobi
Bridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobiThe Scinnovent Centre
 
Research metgedology 2017
Research metgedology   2017Research metgedology   2017
Research metgedology 2017TUNA OMER
 
Qualitative analysis
Qualitative analysisQualitative analysis
Qualitative analysisMasHeriK
 
AHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark Priestley
AHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark PriestleyAHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark Priestley
AHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark PriestleyAHDScotland
 
Mt research training jr
Mt research training jrMt research training jr
Mt research training jrmarshy815
 

Similaire à Policy Transfer using the 'Gold Standard': Exploring Policy Tourism in Practice - presentation by John Hudson and Bo-Yung Kim (20)

From Research to Practice & Back Again
From Research to Practice & Back AgainFrom Research to Practice & Back Again
From Research to Practice & Back Again
 
Policy(style) by anthony
Policy(style) by anthonyPolicy(style) by anthony
Policy(style) by anthony
 
BC Inclusion Presentation. Frederic Fovet From curiosity to buy in
BC Inclusion Presentation.   Frederic Fovet   From curiosity to buy inBC Inclusion Presentation.   Frederic Fovet   From curiosity to buy in
BC Inclusion Presentation. Frederic Fovet From curiosity to buy in
 
Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...
Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...
Examining hurdles in the strategic implementation of Universal Design for Lea...
 
Qualitative research by Dr. Subraham Pany
Qualitative research by Dr. Subraham PanyQualitative research by Dr. Subraham Pany
Qualitative research by Dr. Subraham Pany
 
Where the buck stops
Where the buck stopsWhere the buck stops
Where the buck stops
 
BRM UNIT 1.pptx
BRM UNIT 1.pptxBRM UNIT 1.pptx
BRM UNIT 1.pptx
 
0- session 3 (1).pdf
0- session 3  (1).pdf0- session 3  (1).pdf
0- session 3 (1).pdf
 
Research project forum dec 2014
Research project forum dec 2014Research project forum dec 2014
Research project forum dec 2014
 
research m & s writing Handout.pptx
research m & s writing Handout.pptxresearch m & s writing Handout.pptx
research m & s writing Handout.pptx
 
Bridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobi
Bridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobiBridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobi
Bridgingg the research policy gap influencing policy change-nairobi
 
Research Communication and Policy Process
Research Communication and Policy ProcessResearch Communication and Policy Process
Research Communication and Policy Process
 
Case studies
Case studiesCase studies
Case studies
 
Case studies
Case studiesCase studies
Case studies
 
Research metgedology 2017
Research metgedology   2017Research metgedology   2017
Research metgedology 2017
 
Braun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides (1).pptx
Braun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides (1).pptxBraun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides (1).pptx
Braun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides (1).pptx
 
Braun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides.pptx
Braun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides.pptxBraun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides.pptx
Braun-Clarke-Hayfield-Foundations-of-Qual-2-Part-1-Slides.pptx
 
Qualitative analysis
Qualitative analysisQualitative analysis
Qualitative analysis
 
AHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark Priestley
AHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark PriestleyAHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark Priestley
AHDS Annual Conference 2016 - Mark Priestley
 
Mt research training jr
Mt research training jrMt research training jr
Mt research training jr
 

Plus de University of York

The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...
The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...
The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...University of York
 
Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...
Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...
Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...University of York
 
Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...
Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...
Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...University of York
 
Comparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 Lecture
Comparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 LectureComparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 Lecture
Comparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 LectureUniversity of York
 
Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5
Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5
Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5University of York
 
Social Policy Analysis - Political Economy of Welfare
Social Policy Analysis - Political Economy of WelfareSocial Policy Analysis - Political Economy of Welfare
Social Policy Analysis - Political Economy of WelfareUniversity of York
 
Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4
Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4
Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4University of York
 

Plus de University of York (15)

The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...
The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...
The Role of Welfare States in Making Global Cities Liveable: Reflections of L...
 
Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...
Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...
Exploring Culture and Welfare Regimes: Can the examination of cross-national ...
 
Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...
Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...
Does the Cultural Context Really Shape Welfare? A Comparative Analysis - pape...
 
DWP Summer School 2008
DWP Summer School 2008DWP Summer School 2008
DWP Summer School 2008
 
JUC PAC 2008 Presentation
JUC PAC 2008 PresentationJUC PAC 2008 Presentation
JUC PAC 2008 Presentation
 
Comparative Week 8
Comparative Week 8Comparative Week 8
Comparative Week 8
 
08 Wk 7 Lecture
08    Wk 7   Lecture08    Wk 7   Lecture
08 Wk 7 Lecture
 
Comparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 Lecture
Comparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 LectureComparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 Lecture
Comparative Social Structures and Welfare Week 4 Lecture
 
CSSW - Week 2
CSSW - Week 2CSSW - Week 2
CSSW - Week 2
 
STSP Week3
STSP Week3STSP Week3
STSP Week3
 
Week2 (STSP)
Week2 (STSP)Week2 (STSP)
Week2 (STSP)
 
Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5
Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5
Analysing Welfare Policy - Lecture 5
 
Social Policy Analysis - Political Economy of Welfare
Social Policy Analysis - Political Economy of WelfareSocial Policy Analysis - Political Economy of Welfare
Social Policy Analysis - Political Economy of Welfare
 
Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4
Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4
Analysing Welfare Policy - Week4
 
ASPC2007
ASPC2007ASPC2007
ASPC2007
 

Dernier

Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAshyamraj55
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfDaniel Santiago Silva Capera
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?IES VE
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxBuilding AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxUdaiappa Ramachandran
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxGDSC PJATK
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfinfogdgmi
 
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Brian Pichman
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7DianaGray10
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDEADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDELiveplex
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024SkyPlanner
 

Dernier (20)

Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
 
20150722 - AGV
20150722 - AGV20150722 - AGV
20150722 - AGV
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxBuilding AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
 
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDEADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
 
201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
 

Policy Transfer using the 'Gold Standard': Exploring Policy Tourism in Practice - presentation by John Hudson and Bo-Yung Kim

  • 1. Policy Transfer using the 'Gold Standard': Exploring Policy Tourism in Practice John Hudson University of York, United Kingdom Bo-Yung Kim Yeoungnam University, Korea
  • 2. Policy Transfer: new wave? • New heat in the policy transfer debate • Ideas from outside policy science • Critique of linear and rationalist underpinnings • Examine processes of learning • Focus on ‘mundane practices’ of officials
  • 3. Policy Transfer: new wave? • Unfair to earlier studies? • Dolowitz (2012): – simple v complex learning – mimicry v concept formation • Policy transfer networks, epistemic communities • Tracing processes always been key anyway?
  • 4. Policy Tourism? • New wave: focus on (policy) mobilities • Policy Tourism – Rich in metaphors… – Tour guides, tourist gaze • Return to roots of policy learning literature
  • 5. ‘If you want to learn how a programme works, there is no substitute for seeing it action’ (Rose, 2005: 57) ‘No substitute for going there’ (Rose, 2005: 64-68) ‘field trips to other countries *… are+ the ‘gold standard’ for international policy learning’ (Ettelt et al, 2012: 496)
  • 6. Policy Tourism • Ties with Evans and Davies model • Evans argues there is a weak evidence base in the Policy Transfer literature: ‘because rigorous validation would demand excellent access to key informants, which is often beyond the reach of policy scientists’ (Evans, 2009: 399)
  • 7. Policy Tourism Evans: • Identify agents of transfer • Intentional actions, cross-national • Avoid focus on clear cut success stories • Explore voluntary learning • Focus on policy mobilities demands the same
  • 8. Evans and Davies Model The pre-decision process of policy-oriented learning Problem Recognition Search for ideas & contact with potential agents of transfer Emergence of an information feeder network Decision Processes Cognition and the emergence of a policy transfer network Elite and cognitive mobilization and evaluation of options Decision enters formal policy stream Post-decision processes of policy-oriented learning Implementation Monitoring and evaluation Ongoing process of policy learning
  • 9. Methods • • • • • • • • Explore policy tourism Korea – UK example Key informants from four study tours to UK Strict confidentiality/anonymity Interviews took place 2-3 years after visit Reflect on nature of learning that took place 5 interviews [cf. Dwyer & Ellison, 2009; Legrand, 2012] Back translation for Korean – English Analytic framework: Evans and Davies model
  • 10. Pre-Decision Processes 1. Problem Recognition • Stretched a long way back • Study tours did not set agenda • Only one small part of policy process
  • 11. Pre-Decision Processes 2. The Search for Ideas • Recursive rather than linear – slow diffusion of ideas, much prior learning • Study tours about small details? “Learning lessons from abroad is not just all about going on a trip. Indeed, we learn a lot more from texts, but we cannot understand how the policy actually operates, what is going on at the frontline and how policy environment and atmosphere are, unless we come and see. In most cases, we research through texts almost 80 percent and we go out to find out the remaining 20 percent” (P5).
  • 12. Pre-Decision Processes 3. Emergence of Information Feeder Network • Wide range of organisations included in network • Value the visceral? ‘I sent questions [to the civil servants] in advance, they just presented what was probably a pre-made briefing for all visitors, rather than answering the questions. […] they just said what I already know’ (P1) “When we had a meeting with people delivering services, we heard honest stories. They told us how the [policy] actually worked and about problems that arose in practice. So we could feel and learn how they addressed the service user in practice.” (P4)
  • 13. Decision Processes • Harder to identify the stages of model here • Tours only weakly influenced policy decisions • Indeed, tours sometimes about a break from politics of policy, chance to reflect “For four months, when I was making a general plan [for the policy], I could not sleep properly. Directors and others said I would fall ill soon by overwork […] everybody needed a [kind of] break” (P1)
  • 14. Decision Processes • Emergence of policy transfer networks • At best ephemeral • Policy tourists piece together story back home Elite cognitive mobilization • Key decisions already made • ‘interrupted learning’ (no action follows)
  • 15. Decision Processes • But learning occurred • Might change follow in long run? “You should keep in your mind this. I wrote my report in 2007. Of course this policy suggestion might be accepted in the same year or next, but we usually expect 3 or 5 years. [...] It would be great if suggestions are immediately accepted, but it is not always the case [...] Someday they [higher officials] may say, ‘let’s examine the report you made 2 years ago’, and then it would be either considered or just left on the shelf forever” (P3)
  • 16. Post-Decision Processes • No clear decisions followed • But learning from abroad noted by the officials “In making a new policy, having existing examples is very important. It's not we must follow the details of the example, it's more like having a good reference point. […] When we persuade the members of National Assembly or policy makers, it is very effective if we have existing examples from other countries” (P5) “Even though action is not taken immediately following the report, I think we should conduct the research […] It is very common in Korea that policy makers want something in such a short period of time, even within a week. For researchers, making suggestions in a short period of time without enough consideration is such a burden” (P4)
  • 17. Conclusions ‘while policy change can be the result of learning, learning can be present when outcomes appear to remain stable and not alter at all’ (Dunlop, 2009: 296-7) • Literalist, linear models not supported by our data • Policy transfer networks much looser than suggested • Clear barriers to policy transfer from study tours
  • 18. Conclusions • • • • But learning valued for own right Timing of learning and decision making mismatched Visceral aspect was emphasised Like tourists: – – – – – Feel a place See the hidden sights A space to reflect Go back with some changed ideas But ‘back to business’ when returning home?
  • 19. ‘I think there is a saying, that a picture is better than a hundred words. Seeing and not seeing are completely different […] because every country has a different social and cultural context, the level of understanding as well as the depth of impression are different when you just read compared with when you visit, observe and have conversations with people actually working there’ (P4).