ppt pain assessment

1. Pain Assessment
Joanne Fears

2. Content
 Introduction Pain Assessment
 Objectives
 Prerequisites and Materials for the Lesson
 Overview of the Lesson
 The Importance of Pain Management
 Cultural Awareness
 Cultural Difference and Pain
 Exercise: Role Playing
 What are Pain Scales?
 Pain Scales and Charts
 Pain Assessment Tool
 Exercises
 Video: Review Physical Assessment
 Applying the Assessment Tool
 Games Nurses Feud
 Debate
 Discussion

3. Pain Assessment
Introduction
• This lesson will provide step by step guide to
recognize the importance of early detection of
pain in the patient and provide the
intervention that will meet their needs.
• Accurate assessment of your patient’s pain is
the first step in developing an effective
treatment plan to deal with pain. Because pain
is subjective, no two patients experience pain
the same way (Williams & Hopper, 2007).

4. Course Objectives
 The learner will be able to develop and implement the
pain tools to enhance patient care.
 The learner will utilize the pain assessment tool in the
clinical experience.
 Pain assessment tool will be evaluate by the instructor
for comprehensive pain assessment skills, evaluation
of modality of treatment of pain and patient outcome.

5. Objectives
The students will be able to performance a pain
assessment in the patient
• a) Performance and documents pain assessment
• b) Uses appropriate pain scales for age/level of
understanding
• c) Documented patients pain goals/level of
understanding
• d) Recognizes cultural differences while assessing
pain

6. Prerequisites and Materials
 Completion of physical assessment clinical practice
 Anatomy & Physiology book by Nancy Nurse 3th
edition chapter 10, 12, and 14.
 Pocket notebook and Stethoscope

7. Overview of the Lesson
 It is important part of nursing to have developed the
knowledge for physical assessment and with that
knowledge be able to perform an accurate pain
assessment.

8. The Importance of Pain
Management
 Decision about pain management require careful
assessment of the patient condition and attention to
the ethical principles that influence their care
(Williams & Hopper, 2007) Since pain has
physiological, psychological, sociocultural, behavioral,
and affective components, assessment must address
each component as it relates to the patient.

9. Cultural Awareness
 According to Narayan (2012)culture also influences
beliefs about how to prevent and treat illness and
what constitutes good care. More specifically, it
influences how each person experiences and responds
to pain, including when and how to ask for treatment.

10. Cultural Difference and Pain
 Cultural differences must be considered when
planning care for the patient in pain and
understanding how they perceive pain (Williams &
Hopper, 2007). Educating patients about pain
management and giving them choices helps maintain
the patient’s autonomy.

11. Exercise
• Role playing
There will be 4 groups in this role playing exercises, in
each group there will be one nurse, a physician and two
students will be patients. None of the patients are English
speaking individuals the goals here is to obtain an
accurate pain assessment. This exercise will be videotape
to be discussed later in class.
First group will have Mexican patients
Second group will have Vietnamese patients
Third group will have Pakistanis patients
Fourth group will have from Calcutta
The purpose of this exercise is for the students to interact
with individuals of different culture and language.

12. What are Pain scales ?
 Pain scales are tool developed to assist describe the
level of pain the individual is experiencing
 It is important to assess patient level of
understanding regarding pain and use the pain scale
that meet his or her needs. Without appropriate
assessment, it is not possible to intervene in a way
that meets the patient’s needs (Williams & Hopper,
2007).

13. Pain Rating Scales Charts
Are you in Pain?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Not Really Some pain Worst pain
Exercises:
With the use of Pain Rating Scale demonstrate
which level of pain is appropriate for a
postoperative patient and explain why?
The patient is complaining of severe pain but is
unable to read or write which pain scale will be
appropriate in this case?

14. Pain Assessment Tool
• The importance of using the pain assessment tool is
to assess the individual experiencing pain in the way
his or her are perceiving it.
• Accurate assessment of pain is essential for effective
treatment also it is important to use patients own
description and words when taking the pain history
(Williams & Hooper, 2007).

15. Exercise:
 Review online “The Connecticut Tutorials
Physical Examination Video”
http://conntutorials.com/

16. Exercises:
Read the following scenario and with the help of pain
assessment tools fill up the blanks.
Scenario
• 75 years old female wake up this morning with pain to
her right quadrant radiated to her back. She describes
her pain as stabbing and sharp. From 0 to 10 pain
scale she categorizes the pain as a 9. She denies any
exercises or physical activity that may cause her pain.

17. Pain Assessment Tool
Patient Assessment
1. Location of Pain (indicate on drawing)
2. Description of Predominant Pain (in patient’s words)
3. Intensity [Scale 0 (no pain) — 10 (most intense)]
4. Duration and when occurs
5. Precipitating Factors
6. Alleviating Factors
7. Accompanying Symptoms
GI:
CNS:
Psychosocial: Mood
Anxiety
Relationships

18. Exercise
Lets play a game of Nurses Feud
In this occasion the students will be divided in two
groups. Group A and Group B. The question will be
related to pain assessment. The question will be
posted in the computer overhead.
The question is:
Name the top 4 question ask when assessing the patient
for pain.
Each group will have 15 seconds to answer the question
The group that score is the highest will have 15 points
credit to their next assignment

19. Debate
 The class will be divided in two groups to analyze the
problem and find a solution
 The discussion questions:
How to recognize to signs and symptoms of an
individual experiencing pain?
What are the assessment tools appropriate?
What are the factors to consider?

20. Discussion
The purpose of this Pain Assessment Lesson
• Knowledge of how to performance a pain
assessment
• Be familiar with the different pain scales and the
appropriate pain scales for age/level of
understanding
• The importance of cultural awareness cultural
differences while assessing pain
 provide learners with the necessary tools to
accurately assess pain levels in individuals

21. References
 Billings, D. & Halstead, J. (2009). Teaching in nursing:
A guide for faculty (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders
Elsevier
 Narayan, M (2010) Culture’s effects on pain
assessment and management. American Journal of
Nursing. April 2010 volume 110 number 4 pages 38-47
 Oermann, M. & Gaberson, K. (2009). Evaluation and
testing in nursing education Springer Publishing
Company N.Y.

22. References
 Williams, L. S., & Hopper, P. D. (2007).
Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing. F.A.
Davis Co.