J21101 Intro to Computers Data and Information Types of Data Data Management

1. Data and Information
J21101 Information Technology I

2. What is data?
• Kobe Bryant
• 34
• LA Lakers
• Guard
• Jason Kidd
• 41
• Brooklyn Nets
• Coach
• Lebron James
• 28
• Miami Heat
• Forward
 Data is a collection of names,
dates, numbers, statistics,
images etc. that represent
something from which
information can be obtained.
 The word data is the plural of
datum, from the Latin word
dare, "to give", hence
"something given“.
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3. Images as Data
• Thai food
• Jump
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4. What is information?
• Information is data that has been
processed and analyzed in such a way as
to be meaningful to the person who
receives it.
• It is any thing that is communicated and it
gives a message.
• from the Latin stem (information-) of the
nominative (informatio): this noun is
derived from the verb "informare" (to
inform) in the sense of "to give form to the
mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach"Princess Sirindhorn’s College
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5. Information gives a message…
• Shortlist of Candidates for USA Dream
Team 2015
Name Age Team Position
Kobe Bryant 34 LA Lakers Guard
Jason Kidd 41 Brooklyn Nets Coach
Lebron James 28 Miami Heat Forward
Derrick Rose 23 Chicago Bulls Guard
Chris Paul 27 Brooklyn Nets Guard
Dwight Howard 26 Houston Rockets Center
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6. EXERCISES
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7. Data: Letters
G A L L I F N
3 letters 4 letter 5 letters 6 letters 7 letters
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8. Data: Images
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9. Data: Letters and Numbers
• Grocery items
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10. • Research
• Types of data and data processing
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11. TYPES OF DATA
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12. Objectives
• Learn about the different types of data
• Understand the language of computers
• Apply the basic operations in computer
programming
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13. Data types
• Alphabet (characters and symbols) –
Noon, birthday, Princess Sirindhorn’s
College
• Numerals (numbers) – 0, 1, 1000, 2556
• Alphanumeric (combination of characters
and numbers) – November 9 2011, 8/6
Sanam Chan, Muang 73000
• Symbols – ( ), /, * , [ ], %, &, #, @
• Give 5 examples for each typePrincess Sirindhorn’s College
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14. How a computer reads data
• To process data, the computer converts
human language into computer language
using the binary coding system
• Binary is a mathematical number system:
a way of counting – 0 and 1.
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15. Bits and Bytes
• The smallest unit of data is the bit.
• It can be used to store only 2 values – 0
and 1.
• A byte is made up of 8 bits.
0 1 bit
1 1 bit
110 4 bits
1101011 8 bits

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16. Words into Binary Code
1000010
Boy
1101111
1111001
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17. Exercise Binary Code
• Convert the following into binary code
– abc@123
– Gerardo
– 4 + 5 = 9
– 6/8 Moo 5
– +6692-1175020
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18. DATA PROCESSING
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19. Human Language vs. Computer
Language
• Every spoken language has a general set
of rules for how words and sentences
should be structured. These rules are
collectively known as the language syntax.
• Semantic – understandable English
language
• Syntatic – computer language or syntax
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20. Human Language vs. Computer
Language
• In computer programming, syntax serves
the same purpose, defining how
declarations, functions, commands, and
other statements should be arranged.
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21. Princess Sirindhorn’s College
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22. Basic Mathematical Operations
• Multiplication ( * ) – 2 * 5
• Division ( / ) – 10 / 2
• Addition ( + ) – 1 + 2
• Subtraction ( - ) 8 – 1
• Parentheses ( ) – (2 + 5) * 4
• Braces [ ] – [(3 - 8) + 2] / 3
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23. Exercises
• Write the following formulas in the correct
syntax
• 4 x 3 - 2 5 + 1
• 25 - 5 + 10 x 2 3
• 1 + 2 3 * 3 – 9
• Area of a Rectangle = L x W x H
• Area of a Triangle =
• F - C, C - F
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24. Princess Sirindhorn’s College
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25. DATA MANAGEMENT
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26. Data Management
• Collecting
• Storing
• Retrieving
• Analyzing
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27. Data Collection
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28. Point-of-Sale (POS)
28
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29. Princess Sirindhorn’s College
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30. Data Storage
• Paper is the most popular
method of storing data, e.g.
books
• Advantage
– Paper does not need electricity
– Portable
– Inexpensive
– Does not need special equipment
to read
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31. • Disadvantages of using paper
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32. Trees to paper
http://conservatree.org/learn/EnviroIssues/TreeStats.shtml
• 1 tree makes 16.67 reams of
copy paper or 8,333.3 sheets
• 1 ream (500 sheets) uses 6%
of a tree
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33. • Digital Media, e.g. DVD, Flash Drive, Hard
Disk Drive
• One megabyte can hold around 500 pages
of text, comparable to one thick book.
Name Number of Bytes Amount of Text
Kilobyte (KB) 210 or 1,024 1/2 page
Megabyte (MB) 220 or 1,048,576 500 pages or 1 thick book
Gigabyte (GB) 230 or 1,073,741,824
500,000 pages or 1,000
thick books
Terabyte (TB) 240 or 1,099,511,627,776 1 million thick books
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34. Database
• A database is a collection of data that is
organised so that its contents can be
easily accessed, managed and updated.
• A database is a logically organized
collection of related data designed and
built for a specific purpose
• Access - obtain or retrieve from a
storage device
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35. Databases Hierarchy
• Files: collections of related records
– Records: collections of related fields
• Field: unit of data containing 1 or more characters
– Character: a letter number or special character
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36. What is the importance of a Database?
• Data are organized, stored and retrieved
quickly.
• It allows managers to make correct
decisions and predictions in their
business.
• It allows analysts to make reports by
extracting information from the database.
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37. Exercise
• Identify the Categories, Records and
Fields
Category
Field
Record
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38. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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39. Effects of Automated Data Processing
• Advantages
• Improves efficiency
– Computers can perform repetitive tasks faster
– Computers don’t get bored or get sick
• Reduce mistakes
– Less human error
– GIGO – Garbage In, Garbage Out
• Cost Savings
– Email vs. Snail Mail
– ATM (24/7) vs. Over-the-counter
– 1 robot per 5,000 peoplePrincess Sirindhorn’s College
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40. Information Technology defined
• IT is the application of computers and all
forms of technology to create, store,
retrieve, transmit, exchange, use and
manipulate information in its various
forms, ie. multimedia
– Printed, e.g. books, magazines, newspaper
– Non-printed, e.g. video, audio/sound, internet
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41. Sources of Information
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Books, journals, magazines,
newspapers
Internet (Google, Yahoo,
YouTube, Wikipedia)
Movies, Television, Radio
Multimedia presentations
People (teachers, parents,
classmates, friends)

42. Importance of IT
Global
Economic
Society
Personal
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• Computer-controlled machines, e.g.
laptop, microwave ovens, washing
machines, mobile phones helps
make house work easier
• Improve ones health thru research
• Education for all
• Government is on 24/7
• Can easily communicate with one
another
• E-Commerce (cash-less)
• Online shopping (convenience)
• Robots in factories, airplanes, trains
(costs less)
• World without borders
• New technology available to
everyone

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44. Positive Impact of IT
• E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)
– The buying and selling of products and
services through the Internet, e.g. of some e-
tailers (electronic retailers):
• www.amazon.com sells books and other things
• airline e-ticketing
• Automated Banking and Credit Card
Payment System
– Offers convenient and easy way of getting
money and paying for products
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45. Positive Impact of IT
• Microprocessor-controlled devices mean
that we have more leisure time to relax
and enjoy ourselves instead of doing
household chores.
• We are able to communicate with
people very easily using computers,
mobile phones, etc. We can become part
of online social networks, making friends
with people from all over the world.
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46. Positive Impact of IT
• Computers and Internet connections mean
that many of the tasks that involved us
leaving the house, for example, shopping
for music, clothes or food, can now be
done on-line.
• IT has enabled any one (person,
company, university, etc.) to be
ubiquitous, i.e. being virtually present any
time, at any place
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47. IT in Business
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48. IT in Education, Science and
Engineering
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1995:
The first full length feature movie created
by a computer is released. Toy Story.

49. IT in Media
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50. Negative Impacts of IT
• Over-dependency to technology
– Decline in creativity, intelligence, activeness
and innocence
• Destructive Innovation
– Computers replace people in their jobs
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51. Negative Impact of IT
• Data Theft
– Identity, company records, loss of money
• Loss of information or inaccessible
– Breakdown of the system
• Storage Capacity is limited
– As your company grows, your database also
grows. The size of these files can cause the
computer to run more slowly, thus cutting
down on productivity
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52. Princess Sirindhorn’s College
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